24 cm cannon M.16
| 24 cm cannon M.16 | |
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| General Information | |
| Military designation: | 1916–1918:
24 cm cannon M.16; 1918–1939: 24 cm canon vz. 16; 1939–1945: heavy 24 cm cannon (t) |
| Manufacturer designation: | 24 cm cannon M.16 |
| Manufacturer country: | Austria-Hungary |
| Developer / Manufacturer: | Skoda , Plzeň |
| Production time: | 1916 to 1921 |
| Number of pieces: | 8th |
| Technical specifications | |
| Pipe length: | 9.6 m |
| Caliber : |
24 cm |
| Caliber length : | L / 40 |
| Cadence : | 1 shot / min |
| Elevation range: | + 10 ° to + 41 ° 30 ' degrees |
| Side straightening area: | 360 ° |
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The 24 cm cannon M.16 was a cannon that was used by the Austro-Hungarian Army in World War I , by the Czechoslovak Army in the interwar period and as a prey weapon by the German Wehrmacht in World War II .
history
The gun, which has been built by Škoda in Plzeň since 1916, was used by the Austro-Hungarian army during the First World War . The cannon had the same mount as the 38 cm M.16 siege howitzer, also manufactured by Skoda . By adding a second pair of trunnion bearings from the third gun of the now renamed 38 cm M.16 howitzer, it was also possible to store the 24 cm M.16 cannon in the front pair of trunnion bearings in the same carriage.
By the end of the war, only two of the nine pieces ordered had been made; of the two spare tubes ordered, only one spare tube completed. The individual reserve cradle ordered was not built until the end of the war.
The two guns produced were used to equip two heavy artillery batteries (3rd and 4th / I./sAR 1), formerly fortress artillery. The 4./I./sAR 1 was relocated to the western front with other heavy and heaviest artillery batteries to support the German alliance partner from March 1918 and was used as part of the German 5th Army .
In the interwar period, the other six cannons built were divided up among the successor states of the dual monarchy, with the largest part being 24 cm canon vz. 16 came to the newly formed Czechoslovakia . After the destruction of the rest of Czech Republic by the German Wehrmacht in March 1939, six cannons with 718 shells were taken over under the designation 24 cm cannon (t) .
After the campaign in the west , the guns at Cap Gris-Nez were used to prepare for the Sea Lion operation and to combat British ship convoys in the English Channel . At the beginning of March 1941, they were expanded and the II. Division of Artillery Regiment 84 (II./AR 84), in which they were deployed, moved by rail to Heilsberg in East Prussia . In mid-June 1941, the department at Wirballen (Warten) in the East Prussian district of Elchniederung moved into its starting position for the Barbarossa company . In September 1941 the batteries reached the Leningrad apron . Initially from positions in front of Kronstadt and later near the Tsar's Peterhof Palace , they were in use there until 1944 ( Leningrad blockade ). Most of the guns were lost during the 1944 retreat; the last two were blown up in the Kurland pocket on May 9, 1945 .
Technical specifications
The increase in the V0 from originally 750 m / s to 794 m / s, and the associated increase in range from 26,300 m to 29,875 m, was achieved on the one hand through the use of improved types of powder and propellant charges in the post-war period, on the other hand through the use of a lighter bullet with 198 kg instead of 213 , 2 ~ 215 kg. With the new bullet, the life of a tube could be increased from around 200 ~ 250 rounds to around 1000 rounds.
Web links
literature
- Grestenberger, Erwin A. The kuk fortress artillery. Graz, H. Weishauptverlag, 2008. ISBN 978-3-7059-0276-3 .
- Ortner, M. Christian. The Austro-Hungarian artillery from 1867 to 1918: technology, organization and combat methods. Vienna, Verlag Militaria, 2007. ISBN 978-3-902526-12-0 .
- Terry Gander, Peter Chamberlain: Encyclopedia of German Weapons 1939-1945. 2nd Edition. Special edition, Motorbuchverlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-613-02481-0 .
- Fleischer, Wolfgang. 24 cm heavy cannon: development and use 1916–1945. Arms arsenal No. 138. Friedberg: Podzun-Pallas-Verl. 1992 ISBN 3-7909-0451-1 .
- Hahn, Fritz. Weapons and secret weapons 1933–1945. Bonn, Bernard & Graefe Verlag, 1992. ISBN 3-7637-5915-8 .