Sosna (anti-aircraft missile)

Sosna
Sosna-P on MT-LB tracked vehicle
General Information
Type	Anti-aircraft missile
Local name	Sosna, Sosna-R, Сосна, Сосна-Р
NATO designation	SA-24
Country of origin	Soviet Union / Russia
Manufacturer	KB TotschMasch (Nudelman)
development	1990s
Commissioning	in development
Technical specifications
length	2,317 m
diameter	72 mm 130 mm (booster)
Combat weight	29.5 kg
drive	Solid - rocket engine
speed	900 m / s
Range	10 km
Service ceiling	5,000 m
Furnishing
steering	Gyroscopes
Target location	SACLOS via laser
Warhead	6.9 kg armor-piercing warhead with continuous rod fragmentation jacket
Detonator	Impact detonators & laser proximity detonators
Weapon platforms	Tracked vehicles, wheeled vehicles, ships
Lists on the subject

The Sosna ( Russian Сосна , German: Kiefer ) is a mobile, short-range anti-aircraft missile system developed in Russia . The GRAY index for the overall system is unknown and the guided missiles are identified as the 9M340 and 9M337 . The NATO code name is SA-24 .

development

The development of the Sosna began in the early 1990s in the design office TotschMasch (Nudelman). There they wanted to develop a successor system for the 9K35 Strela-10 . With the collapse of the Soviet Union , all work on the Sosna system was stopped. In the 2000s, work was resumed after the financial situation at the Tochmash design office had improved again. Finally, in 2013, the first fully developed Sosna system was presented to the public. At the end of 2015, troop trials began with the armed forces of Russia . The first production model for the Russian armed forces was presented in 2018. The Sosna-P is to be introduced into the armed forces of Russia from 2022.

technology

Sosna is used to combat attack helicopters , combat aircraft , unmanned aerial vehicles , cruise missiles and air-to-ground guided missiles . Ground targets such as vehicles can also be combated. Sosna can be used individually or in combination with a battery with a central fire control station. The destruction zone is 1.3 to 10 km horizontally, the operational altitude 2 to 5,000 m.

vehicle

The Sosna systems for the Russian armed forces presented in 2013 and 2018 are mounted on an MT-LB tracked vehicle. This Sosna vehicle is designated in the GRAU index 9P337 . Sosna can also be installed on the vehicles BMP-3 , BMD-4 , T-15 or BTR-80A .

Gun tower and fire control system

Sosna consists of a rotating weapon tower that is installed on a vehicle. There is an electronic-optical fire control system in the weapon tower. This consists of a video camera with residual light amplifier , an infrared camera and a laser emitter for target illumination and rocket guidance. According to the manufacturer, the electronic-optical fire control system should be able to detect and identify aircraft at a distance of up to 30 km. For a cruise missile, this value should be 8 km. Two passive radar receivers are attached to the vehicle. A total of 2 × 6 rocket launch containers made of light metal are also attached to the weapon tower. Each container is loaded with a 9M340 missile.

Guided missiles

The first rocket model for the Sosna was the 9M337 guided missile. This was based on the 9M331M guided missile which is used with the 2K22 Tunguska . The 9M337 model was developed in the 1990s and then further developed into the 9M340 rocket in the 2000s. The 9M337, like the 9M340 missile, are two-stage missiles. The first stage is the booster with a diameter of 130 mm. Four stabilizing surfaces are attached to the stern of this first stage. The second stage has a diameter of 72 mm and can be roughly divided into three sections: the percussion fuse and the actuators for the control surfaces are located behind the tip of the guided weapon . This section is followed by the laser proximity fuse and warhead. This weighs 6.9 kg and consists of an armor-piercing warhead with a continuous rod fragment jacket. The electronics , computer unit, gyroscope and transponder for the laser control units are installed in the rear . Two groups of steering and control surfaces are attached to the missile fuselage and four trapezoidal stabilizing surfaces are attached to the tail . There are four small trapezoidal control surfaces on the front quarter of the missile fuselage . While the missile is in the transport and launch container, these surfaces are attached to the missile body. They unfold immediately after launch. The missile is ejected from the missile launch container with an ejection charge. The booster is ignited at a distance of around 5 to 7 m. This accelerates the missile to 875 to 900 m / s. After a flight distance of around 1000 m, the booster is burned out and is thrown off. From this point on, the second stage of the rocket will continue to fly without any propulsion. After the maximum flight distance of 10 km, the rocket has a top speed of around 565 m / s. Depending on the flight envelope , the missile can perform flight maneuvers with a maximum lateral load of 40 g . During the guided missile flight, both the missile and the flight target are tracked electro-optically. The guided weapon is guided to the target by means of a laser beam. If the target comes within the response radius of the proximity fuse, the warhead is ignited. In the event of a direct hit, the warhead is triggered by the impact fuse. If the target is missed, the guided weapon destroys itself after a certain flight time.

variants

• Sosna-R: Version with 2 × 6 missiles installed on an MT-LB tracked vehicle.
• 3S89 Palma: Version with 2 × 4 missiles for use on warships.

User states

•  Russia - An unknown number of Sosna-P are currently being tested by the Russian Armed Forces .

Web links

• Manufacturer's website KB Tochmash

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Military and Commercial Technology: Sosna tracked air defense system: Military and Commercial Technology: Sosna tracked air defense system.Access date : June 16, 2019
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} kbtochmash: The official site of Nudelman Precision Design Bureau / Defense products / Defense products / Production. accessed on June 16, 2019
3. ^ ^{A b c} High Precision Systems: "Sosna" anti-aircraft missile complex.
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Army Recognition: Sosna short-range air defense missile system | Russia Russian missile system vehicle UK | Russia Russian army military equipment vehicles UK.
5. ↑ MilitaryLeak: Sosna Short Range Air Defense (SHORAD) | MilitaryLeak , accessed June 16, 2019
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} ОРУЖИЕ ОТЕЧЕСТВА (AWKarpenko): КОМПЛЕКС ПВО БЛИЖНЕГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ С ЗЕНИТНЫМИ РАКЕТАМИ «СОСНА-Р»
7. ↑ Jane`s 360: Army 2019: Russia unveils new Sosna variant on BMP-3 chassis.
8. ^ ^{A b} Tony Cullen: Jane's Land-Based Air Defense 2001–2002. United Kingdom, 2001, p. 94.
9. ↑ ^{a b c} Tomasz Szulc: Russian Surface-to-Air Missiles by 2005 . Military Technology Magazine. Volume 28, Issue 8, August 2004, pp. 60-62.
10. ↑ ^{a b} EDR Magazine: Serial production Sosna short-range air defense system unveiled.
11. ↑ 9K338 9M342 Igla-S / SA-24 Grinch: 9K338 9M342 Igla-S / SA-24 Grinch , accessed June 16, 2019
12. ↑ ^{a b c d} Ракетная техника: Зенитный ракетный комплекс 'Сосна'.
13. ^ Nudelman Precision Design Bureau: Nudelman Precision Design Bureau / Press-center / Articles / Press & Media. accessed on June 16, 2019
14. ↑ Catalog Rosoboronexport: Shipborne automated anti-aircraft artillery system with sosna-r surface-to-air missiles Palma | Catalog Rosoboronexport , access date: June 16, 2019