Alpine timothy grass

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Alpine timothy grass
Alpine timothy grass (Phleum alpinum), inflorescences with stalk and leaf blades

Alpine timothy grass ( Phleum alpinum ), inflorescences with stalk and leaf blades

Systematics
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Tribe : Poeae
Genre : Timothy grass ( phleum )
Type : Alpine timothy grass
Scientific name
Phleum alpinum
L.
Inflorescences

The alpine timothy ( Phleum alpinum ) is a species of the sweet grass family with stalks up to 25 centimeters long. The leaf blades are up to 15 centimeters long, the panicles 1 to 3 centimeters. It grows in low mountain ranges in large parts of Europe , but also in Asia and North and South America .

Illustration from Anton Hartinger : Atlas of the Alpine flora (1882)

description

The alpine timothy grass is a perennial , lawn-forming grass with long rhizomes . The numerous renewal shoots grow up both inside and outside the lowest leaf sheath. The stalks are up to 25 centimeters high and usually grow kneeling and ascending. Two to four knots are formed per stalk . The leaves are divided into leaf sheath and leaf blade . The leaf sheaths at the base of the stalk grow together and fray with age. The ligule is a 2 to 3 millimeter long, split and membranous border. The leaf blade is 15 inches long, 3 to 8 millimeters wide and glabrous.

Culms with leaf sheaths and leaf blades

The inflorescences are 1 to 3 centimeters long and 7 to 15 millimeters wide, egg-shaped to short-cylindrical panicles . The spikelets are single-flowered and 5.5 to 7.5 millimeters long with the awn . The spikelet axis does not extend beyond the florets . The two glumes resemble each other, they are three-veined, 3 to 3.5 millimeters long, keeled and truncated at the upper end. The keel is covered with about 1 millimeter long, comb-shaped lashes and ends in a 2.5 to 4.5 millimeter long and bald awn. The lemma is ovate, truncated, about 2.5 millimeters long, membranous, not keeled and five to seven-veined. The nerves are finely haired and end in small tips at the upper edge of the glume. The palea is double-veined and slightly shorter than the lemma. Two cavernous bodies (lodiculae) are formed. The three anthers are 1.5 to 2.2 millimeters long. The ovary is hairless. Caryopses with a length of 1.8 to 2 millimeters with a punctiform hilum are formed as fruits. The flowering period extends from June to August.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28, less often 2n = 14.

Possible confusion

Closely related to Phleum alpinum L. is Phleum rhaeticum (Humphries) Rauschert . The alpine timothy ( Phleum alpinum ) differs from the Graubündner timothy ( Phleum rhaeticum ) by the only 1–3 centimeter long panicle and the completely bald awn of the glumes. The species is also only 10-25 centimeters high and not 20-50 centimeters, like Phleum rhaeticum . However, some authors consider Phleum rhaeticum to be a synonym for Phleum alpinum . Other authors put Phleum rhaeticum as a subspecies Phleum alpinum subsp. rhaeticum Humphries to Phleum alpinum .

Distribution and ecology

The natural range of the species extends in Europe from Greenland and Iceland over Scotland and Scandinavia to the arctic regions of Russia and to the western European and central European mountains. In Asia it extends over Siberia , Turkey and the Caucasus to the Kamchatka Peninsula , the People's Republic of China , Japan (it can be found on Hokkaidō and Honshu ) and India . It also grows in the mountains of western North America and the Andes .

In the Alps it occurs scattered and often in groups in the subalpine and lower alpine altitude levels and grows up to altitudes of 2900 meters. In the Bavarian Forest , for example, it grows on the Arber , Rachel and Lusen . It can also be found in the Giant Mountains and the Jizera Mountains , but not in the Ore Mountains . It grows on the banks of streams, in snow valleys and flat moors, and sometimes on damp, fine slate rubble. The soils on which it thrives are acidic, poor in nutrients, poor in lime, cold and damp, clayey or peaty and covered by snow for a long time.

Systematics and research history

The Phleum alpinum ( Phleum alpinum ) is a species in the genus of Phleum ( Phleum ), in the family of grasses (Poaceae) of the subfamily Pooideae , Tribe Poeae and subtribe Alopecurinae is assigned. The species was first scientifically described in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . Synonyms of the species include Phleum arcticum Giesecke ex Lange , Phleum capitatum Scop. , Phleum commutatum Gaudin , Phleum commutatum  var.  Americanum (E. Fourn.) Hultén , Phleum geniculatum Bellardi ex Vitman , Phleum gerardii Panz. , Phleum haenkeanum J.Presl , Phleum mouterdei A.Camus , Phleum nigricans Willd. ex Trin. , Phleum ovatum Jacquem. ex Hook.f. , Phleum parviceps (Briq.) Rouy , Phleum pratense  subsp. alpinum (L.) Asch. & Graebn. , Phleum pratense  var.  Alpinum (L.) Celak. , Phleum pratense  var.  Alpinum (L.) Schreb. , Phleum pratense  subsp. alpinum (L.) Čelak. , Phleum subalpinum Brügger , Phleum vaginatum Sennen , Plantinia alpina (L.) Bubani and Plantinia tournefortii Bubani .                    

literature

  • Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book . Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin, Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 , pp. 438 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German name according to Conert: Pareys Gräserbuch , p. 438 and Robert Zander : Zander. Concise dictionary of plant names. Edited by Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold . 18th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5408-1 , p. 627.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Conert: Pareys Gräserbuch , p. 438.
  3. ^ A b W. D. Clayton, M. Vorontsova, KT Harman, H. Williamson: Phleum alpinum . In: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. Royal Botanic Gardens, accessed March 28, 2015 .
  4. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  256-257 .
  5. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Phleum alpinum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 12, 2016.
  6. ↑ a b Phleum alpinum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  7. ^ Phleum alpinum . In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved March 28, 2015 .
  8. ^ Phleum alpinum . In: The Plant List. Retrieved March 28, 2015 .

Web links

Commons : Alpine timothy  - Collection of images, videos and audio files