Alpine turf rush

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Alpine turf rush
Alpine turf rush (Trichophorum alpinum)

Alpine turf rush ( Trichophorum alpinum )

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae)
Genre : Rushes ( Trichophorum )
Type : Alpine turf rush
Scientific name
Trichophorum alpinum
( L. ) Pers.

The alpine turf rush ( Trichophorum alpinum (L.) Pers. , Syn . : Eriophorum alpinum L. , Scirpus hudsonianus (Michx.) Fern. ) Is a species of the sour grass family (Cyperaceae). Other common names are alpine hair ledge , alpine hair rush or alpine cotton grass . It is widespread in the northern hemisphere in Eurasia and North America .

description

Alpine turf rush ( Trichophorum alpinum )

The alpine rush is an evergreen , perennial , herbaceous plant that reaches heights of between 10 and 40 centimeters. It forms dense lawns over short extensions of the rhizome . The rigidly upright stems are sharp, triangular, clearly striped, gray-green and rough at the edges. The basal leaf sheaths are yellow-brown. The sheaths of the uppermost stem leaves are green and have a short, rough, 1 to 3 centimeter long leaf blade on the edges .

The flowering period extends from April to May. The bracts are short and spelzenähnlich . The inflorescence consists of a single terminal spikelet. The spikelet is elliptical with a length of 5 to 7 millimeters and contains eight to twelve flowers. The yellow-brown husks are ovate and blunt. The four to six bloom filaments ( perigone bristles ) are up to 25 millimeters long. They are white and a little winding. The flowers each contain three stamens and three stigmas .

The caryopsis , a special form of the nut fruit, is triangular, 1 to 1.5 millimeters long and brown.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 58.

ecology

The Alpine turf rush is a geophyte . As a so-called light plant, it grows in full light and can only tolerate shading to a limited extent.

The pollination is done by the ( anemophily ), their diasporas are also about the wind spread ( Anemochorie ).

Occurrence

The Alpine turf rush is widespread in the northern hemisphere in Eurasia and North America . The alpine rush thrives in a circumpolar manner in all continents of a climate zone from the temperate deciduous forest zone to the boreal coniferous forest zone (taiga) . It occurs from the collinen to the subalpine altitude level at altitudes of 150 to about 1860 meters. In the Central European lowlands and in the low mountain ranges of Central Europe, it is very rare, or it occurs there only sporadically, but mostly in smaller stocks. It is rare in the Alps , where it usually grows at altitudes of 1000 to 2000 meters.

Their area size is given as 10 million to 1.5 billion km². Their area share in Germany is less than 10%. In relation to their total area, their occurrence in the Federal Republic represents the outer area of ​​the continuously populated area (area edge). In the Alps and in the foothills of the Alps , the Alpine turf rush is an ice age relic with a decreasing trend.

They settled in Central Europe in bogs Schlenken and the edges of open water areas, as well as rain , between Moore and bog woodland . The alpine rush thrives best on temporarily flooded, wet, base-poor, weakly acidic moor and peat soils . Their ecological focus is on wet, more or less flooded, acidic to strongly acidic, base-rich , but mostly low-lime and very low-nitrogen soils.

The alpine rush grows preferentially in plant communities of the Kleinseggenriede of the Sauer- and Basen-Zwischenmoor. It is the characteristic of the class of flat and intermediate moors (Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae) and has a main occurrence within this class in the association of Schlenken societies (Rhynchosporion albae) as well as in the association of Braunseggen marshes (Caricion lasiocarpae) and is less common in the association of limestone moors and limestone swamps (Caricion davallianae).

Protection and exposure

The Alpine turf rush is not endangered anywhere in the world or in Europe and does not enjoy any special legal protection. In Germany it was rated as endangered in 1996 (risk category 3+). In many places it shows a downward trend. The plant is considered to be extinct in four federal states ( Hamburg , Lower Saxony , Brandenburg , Saxony-Anhalt ). In Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , the species is threatened with extinction and in Baden-Württemberg is endangered.

In Switzerland, the alpine rush is not endangered ( Least Concern ), but regionally (cantonally) protected (§REG).

Sources and further information

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Alpen-Haarbinse. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Jürke Grau , Bruno P. Kremer, Bodo M. Möseler, Gerhard Rambold, Dagmar Triebel: Grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes and grass-like families in Europe (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). New, edit. Special edition edition. Mosaik, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10702-9 .
  3. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  159 .
  4. ^ A b Heinz Ellenberg, HE Weber, R. Düll, V. Wirth, W. Werner, D. Paulißen: Pointer values ​​of plants in Central Europe. Scripta Geobotanica 18, Verlag Erich Goltze, 1992. ISBN 3-88452-518-2
  5. ↑ a b c Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Swan flowers to duckweed plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  6. ↑ E. Oberdorfer: South German Plant Societies. Part I: Rock and wall communities, alpine corridors, water, silting and moor communities. 4th edition, Gustav Fischer, Jena, Stuttgart, 1998. ISBN 3-437-35280-6
  7. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Federal Office for the Environment, Red List download. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.bafu.admin.ch

literature

Web links

Commons : Alpen-Rasen rush ( Trichophorum alpinum )  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files