Berlin-Spandau shipping canal
| Berlin-Spandau Shipping Canal (Hohenzollern Canal ) |
|
|---|---|
 Push convoy drives down the Spreebogen to the Humboldthafen , at the end of which the canal begins |
|
| abbreviation | BSK |
| length | 12.1 km |
| Built | 1848-1859 |
| Expanded | 1906-1914 |
| class | III and IV |
| Beginning | Spree in Berlin-Mitte |
| The End | Havel in Berlin-Spandau |
| Descent structures | Plötzensee |
| Ports | Nordhafen , Westhafen |
| Junctions, crossings | West Harbor Connection Canal |
| Historical precursors | Charitégraben: Part of the Schönhauser Graben |
| Outstanding structures | 14 bridges |
| Kilometrage | ends at the Humboldthafen |
| Responsible WSD | Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration and Berlin Waterways and Shipping Office |
The twelve-kilometer Berlin-Spandauer Schifffahrtskanal (BSK) connects the Spree and Havel rivers . The canal is a federal waterway and lies entirely within Berlin's urban area. From the Spree to the Plötzensee lock it belongs to waterway class III, from there to the Havel to class IV. Legally, the federal waterways Westhafen -verbindungskanal and Westhafenkanal with the Charlottenburg connecting canal also belong to the BSK . The Berlin Waterways and Shipping Office is responsible for administration .
Surname
Many Berliners and tourists know the Berlin-Spandauer Schifffahrtskanal under the name Hohenzollern Canal . So it is also in topographical maps, until shortly before the year 2000 in several city maps, including the online map of www.berlin.de. In the Geoinformation Berlin portal , the older name is put in brackets after the official one: "Berlin-Spandauer Schifffahrtskanal (Hohenzollern Canal)".
course
The canal branches off at a bend in the Spree at kilometer 14.5 of the Spree-Oder waterway in a northerly direction from the Spree and opens shortly after its start, at the level of the main station , to the Humboldthafen . From there, the canal continues in a northerly direction through the Nordhafen , past the Moabit power station to the Westhafen , then in a westerly direction through the Jungfernheide and finally flows into the Havel at the northern end of the Spandauer See (until 1914 into the Tegeler See) ). The Plötzensee lock serves to compensate for differences in water level between the Spree and Havel . It divides the canal into a five-kilometer-long Spree section and a seven-kilometer-long Havel section.
Driving on the BSK with sports vehicles is prohibited between the Westhafen and the Spree .
history
The waterway, then called the Spandauer Canal , was laid out between 1848 and 1859 according to plans by Peter Joseph Lenné . The traffic between Berlin and the eastern parts of Prussia in the direction of the Finow Canal should be facilitated. The now existing direct canal connection shortened the route by around six kilometers, as it bypasses the heavily winding lower course of the Spree. The southern initial stretch of the canal followed the course of the Charitégraben, the part of the Schönhauser Graben near the Spree . A confluence of the Schönhauser Graben was created at the northern harbor. In 1825 the Schönhauser Graben turned from the south-west to the south-east at the level of today's north port to the lower tree on the Spree. But already on the map from 1842 there is a feeder to the Humboldthafen to the Spree, while the old guide to the Schönhauser Graben (to the sub-tree) still exists, but was probably no longer used. In the years 1891/1892, the Spree was expanded for larger ships.
In the construction of the large shipping route Berlin – Stettin for larger ship dimensions in the years 1906 to 1914, the Havel attitude was included. The Plötzensee lock became a starting point for the large shipping route . When it opened on June 17, 1914, the names also changed. Because three quarters of the entire canal was in the area of the then still independent city of Spandau , it was called the Spandauer Schiffahrtkanal until 1914 . While the Havel section of the canal was given the name Hohenzollern Canal in 1914 , as it was given by Kaiser Wilhelm II on the Großschiffahrtweg to Hohensaaten, the Spree section remained predominantly in Berlin and was therefore given the name Berlin-Spandauer Schiffahrtkanal .
In the Siemensstadt district ( Gartenfeld location ), a narrow curve was cut off during the construction of the large shipping route . So the industrial area of Siemenswerke became the Gartenfelder Insel. In addition, the mouth of the canal was relocated directly to the Havel; before that it flowed into the Kleine Malche , a bay on Lake Tegel . The still existing old canal arch is a Berlin state water and is called the Alter Berlin-Spandauer Schiffahrtkanal , only the short part to the Tegeler See was filled in. From 1933 to 1939 the Havel hold, the Hohenzollern Canal, was expanded to include three aisles.
After 1945 the name of the Spreehaltung Berlin-Spandauer Schiffahrtkanal was also officially adopted for the Havel department, thus replacing the name Hohenzollern Canal . The name Hohenzollern Canal, which is still in use in public, is added in brackets to some maps .
From 1945 to 1990 the sector boundary ran along the canal between the Sandkrugbrücke and Kieler Straße . Thus the eastern bank was turned into a restricted area by the construction of the Berlin Wall . Large parts of the Invalidenfriedhof had to give way to the border installations.
Waterfront
Peter Joseph Lenné's plans already included a promenade along the canal, but it was not realized until 150 years later.
After German reunification , the construction of a promenade on the vacated eastern bank of the canal began in 1994 . The promenade leads from the Sandkrugbrücke in a northerly direction at the back of the Invalidenfriedhof to over Kieler Straße at the north port . When completed, it will lead from the Großer Tiergarten to the Rehberge park in the Wedding district .
The opposite western part from the art center at Hamburger Bahnhof to the west also offers the possibility of a promenade. Favored by the northern harbor, this was where the rail link between the Lehrter and Hamburg freight stations was located. With the development of transport technology, it has been expanded into a container terminal . During the time of the Berlin Wall , there was a large logistics center here, which offered freight forwarders a short route via the Invalidenstrasse border crossing for traffic between West and East Berlin . This favorable location lost its advantage after 1989, because it was now possible to set up major traffic centers in the Berlin area.
Bridges over this canal
At various points along the canal, roads and footpaths lead from one bank area to the other. From the Spree to the Plötzensee lock, these are:
- Sand Pitcher Bridge
- Bridge on the town square (as part of the development of the Europacity )
- Kiel Bridge
- North Harbor Bridge
- Fenn Bridge
- two parallel railway bridges from Krause-Ufer to Mettmannplatz
- Peat road footbridge
- Foehrer Bridge
- Northern Sea Road Bridge
- formerly: Jungfernsteg
On the section between the Plötzensee lock and the Havel:
literature
- Henry Alex: 150 years of Berlin-Spandau shipping canal / waterway - connecting route - border line. In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter , Volume 37, Issue 1 (January / February 2010), pp. 16–23.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Directory E, Ser. No. 3 of the Chronicle ( Memento of the original of July 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration
- ↑ Lengths (in kilometers) of the main shipping lanes (main routes and certain secondary routes) of the federal inland waterways ( memento of the original from January 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration
- ↑ FIS broker JSC map display FIS broker JSC preview digital topographic map 1: 25,000 (DTK25): "Berlin-Spandauer Schifffahrtskanal (Hohenzollern Canal)"
- ↑ Berlin Waterway Police : Special provisions for sports and small vehicles in the inner city of Berlin , PDF, March 2016
- ↑ Preußisches Mestischblatt (# 1837) Volume VI, Sheet 1, Berlin, recorded and drawn in 1825 by Mautt engineer geographer
- ↑ Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment
Coordinates: 52 ° 32 ′ 18 ″ N , 13 ° 20 ′ 56 ″ E