Anacampseros

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Anacampseros
Anacampseros rufescens flower

Anacampseros rufescens
flower

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Anacampserotaceae
Genre : Anacampseros
Scientific name
Anacampseros
L.
Anacampseros rufescens

Anacampseros is a genus of plants from the Anacampserotaceae family.

description

The species of the genus Anacampseros grow as dwarf, little branched, perennial , herbaceous plants . Their leaves are either large, fleshy and sloping or small and covered by large parchment-like stipules . With large leaves, the stipules are reduced to falling hairs . The flowers appear either singly or form little-flowered clusters . They are stalked or not, occasionally the flowers are kleistogamous . There are two persistent sepals , five petals and 15 to 60 stamens . The ovary is on top. The fruits are thin, membrane-like capsule fruits that contain numerous seeds .

The known chromosome numbers are 2n = 18, 36, 54.

distribution

The genus Anacampseros is widespread in South and East Africa , Australia ( Anacampseros australiana ) and in Argentina and Bolivia ( Anacampseros kurtzii , Anacampseros vulcanensis ). The main area of ​​distribution is the Namaqualand and Namibia .

Systematics

External system

The genus Anacampseros is one of the three plant genera in the 2010 newly established family Anacampserotaceae . Unlike its two related genera, it is not common in America . Molecular genetic studies have shown the following relationships:

 Anacampserotaceae 

Talinopsis


   

Grahamia


   

Anacampseros




Template: Klade / Maintenance / Style

Internal system

The name was first used in 1758 by Carl von Linné . The type species is Anacampseros telephiastrum DC., Whose nomenclature synonym Linnés Portulaca is anacampseros .

The botanical name of the genus is derived from the Greek words anakamptein for 'bring back' and eros for 'love', after a plant known to Pliny and Plutarch , which was ascribed an aphrodisiac effect and which is now part of the Sedum genus . An alternative interpretation is based on the Greek words anakampto for 'bent down' and -eros for 'showing the ability', which could refer to the bent back fruits of some species.

Anacampseros filamentosa
Anacampseros papyracea
Anacampseros quinaria subsp. alstonii
Anacampseros subnuda
Anacampseros telephiastrum

The genus Anacampseros includes the following species: They are supplemented by R. Govaerts:

Botanical history

Development of the system

Anacampseros telephiastrum - this watercolor by Pierre-Joseph Redouté is the iconotype of the type species of the genus

William Henry Harvey and Otto Wilhelm Sonder knew nine species in their Flora Capensis in the early 1860s . In 1908, Alwin Berger listed 21 species in his treatment of Mesembrianthemen and Portulacaceae , which, as in Harvey and Sonder, were divided into the two sub-genera Avonia and Telephiastrum . Kurt Dinter expanded this subdivision to include the Rosulatae in 1923 when he first described Anacampseros dielsiana (now a synonym for Anacampseros karasmontana ). When Karl von Poellnitz (1896–1945) began to study the genus more intensively in the late 1920s, he knew about 40 species. In 1933 he published his overview Anacampseros L .: attempt at a monograph .

A comprehensive monograph of the genus Anacampseros was published in 1992 by Maike Gerbaulet . Gordon Douglas Rowley rearranged the genus Anacampseros in Bradleya magazine in 1994 . He raised the sub-genus or section Avonia to the rank of an independent genus. He also presented the only species of the genera Xenia ( Xenia vulcanensis ) and Talinopsis ( Talinopsis frutescens ), the two-species genus Talinaria ( Talinaria palmeri and Talinaria coahuilensis ) and the monotypical section Anacampseros sect. Tuberosae with the species Anacampseros australiana, native to Australia, in the formerly monotypical genus Grahamia . The genus Anacampseros , which had been in the Portulacaceae family for a long time, was placed in the new Anacampserotaceae family by Urs Eggli and Reto Nyffeler in 2010 due to molecular genetic studies, together with the closely related genera Grahamia and Talinopsis .

Conservation of the generic name

Anacampseros filamentosa on panel 1367 from Curtis's Botanical Magazine from 1811 drawn by Sydenham Teast Edwards (1768–1819)

A new regulation of the treatment of homonyms , adopted at the Fifth International Botanical Congress in Cambridge in 1930, subsequently made it necessary to preserve numerous established but later published generic names. Alfred Rehder examined the known taxonomic literature regarding the name Anacampseros . He found the following names in use: Anacampseros Mill. (1754), Anacampseros P.Browne (1756) and Anacampseros Sims (1811). Philip Miller's name belonged to the Crassulaceae family , was only adopted by a few authors and referred to species that are generally included in the genus Sedum . Patrick Brownes Anacampseros was an illegal generic name because Browne had not given a generic description. The name Anacampseros was widely used by botanists in the sense of the description and illustration of two species published in 1811 by John Sims (1749-1831) in Curtis's Botanical Magazine . Rehder therefore proposed to keep the name Anacampseros Sims and to keep the two genera Ruelingia Ehrh based on the type of Anacampseros telephiastrum . (1788) and Telephiastrum Medik. (1789) should also be used as a noun conservandum . The Sixth International Botanical Congress in Amsterdam in 1935 accepted this proposal.

Harold William Rickett (1896-1989) and Frans Antonie Stafleu (1921-1997) proposed in 1959 that the regulation adopted in 1935 be in favor of Anacampseros Wernisch. (1763) to change, since Johann Jacob Wernischeck (1743-1804) used the name listed by Linné in his 4th edition of Genera Plantarum published in 1752 as the first. In the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature of 1961, on page 257, Linnaeus's opera Varia from 1758 was taken as a basis and the two genus names Ruelingia and Telephastrum were deleted from the code.

proof

literature

  • Gordon D. Rowley : Anacampseros. In: Urs Eggli (Hrsg.): Succulent lexicon . Volume 2, Dicotyledons, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3915-4 , pp. 397-401.
  • Gordon D. Rowley: Avonia. In: Urs Eggli (Hrsg.): Succulent lexicon . Volume 2, Dicotyledons, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3915-4 , pp. 401-404.
  • Gordon D. Rowley: Grahamia. In: Urs Eggli (Hrsg.): Succulent lexicon . Volume 2, Dicotyledons, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3915-4 , pp. 412-414.
  • Alwin Berger : Mesembrianthemen and Portulacaceen . Ulmer, Stuttgart 1908, pp. 295-307 biodiversitylibrary.org .
  • Karl von Poellnitz: On the knowledge of the genus Anacampseros L. In: Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis . Volume 26, Numbers 16-23, 1929, pp. 242-249 bibdigital.rjb.csic.es .
  • Karl von Poellnitz: On the knowledge of the genus Anacampseros L. II. In: Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis . Volume 27, Numbers 9-15, 1929, pp. 129-132 bibdigital.rjb.csic.es .
  • Karl von Poellnitz: For knowledge of the genus Anacampseros L. III. In: Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis . Volume 28, Numbers 1-5, 1930, pp. 27-32 bibdigital.rjb.csic.es .
  • Karl von Poellnitz: On the knowledge of the genus Anacampseros L. IV. In: Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis . Volume 28, Numbers 6-13, 1930 pp. 97-100 bibdigital.rjb.csic.es .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ J. Cullen, HS Maxwell: Anacampseros. In: James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Eds.): The European Garden Flora: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass . Volume 2, Dicotyledons: Casuarinaceae to Cruciferae, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-521-76151-2 , p. 179.
  2. ↑ Reto Nyffeler, Urs Eggli: Disintegrating Portulacaceae: A new familial classification of the suborder Portulacineae (Caryophyllales) based on molecular and morphological data. In: Taxon . Volume 59, Number 1, 2010, pp. 227-240.
  3. ^ Opera Varia in quibus continentur Fundamenta Botanica, Sponsalia Plantarum, Et Systema Naturæ: In quo proponuntur Naturæ regna tria secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera & Species . 1758, p. 232 dfg-viewer.de
  4. ↑ Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-05597-3 , p. 9.
  5. ↑ Urs Eggli (Ed.): Succulents Lexicon. Dicotyledons (dicotyledons) . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3915-4 , pp. 397-405, 412-414 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Anacampseros. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 26, 2018.
  7. ^ Priscilla M. Burgoyne, Jacques van Thiel: A New Species of Anacampseros (Portulacaceae) from South Africa. In: Novon . Volume 20, number 4, 2010, pp. 381-385, doi: 10.3417 / 2008082 .
  8. ↑ Aloe . Volume 45, Number 1, 2008, pp. 16-18.
  9. ^ A new Anacampseros L. species (Portulacaceae) from the central and northern Knersvlakte in the Western Cape Province of South Africa .
  10. ↑ Excelsa Volume 20, 2003, p. 29.
  11. ↑ Aloe . Volume 43, Number 1, 2006, pp. 12-13.
  12. ↑ M. Thulin: Anacampseros (Portulacaceae) in the Horn of Africa region. In: Kew Bulletin . Volume 57, Number 3, 2002, pp. 741-745 ( JSTOR 4111009 ).
  13. ^ William Henry Harvey, Otto Wilhelm Sonder: Flora capensis: being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, & Port Natal . Volume 2, Dublin / Capetown 1861-1862, pp. 382-385 biodiversitylibrary.org .
  14. ^ Repertory Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Volume 19, 1923, p. 149 bibdigital.rjb.csic.es .
  15. ^ Alfred Rehder: Anacampseros. In: Alfred Rehder, Charles Alfred Weatherby, Rudolf Mansfeld, Mary Letitia Green: Conservation of Later Generic Homonyms. In: Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 1935 , Numbers 6-9, 1935, pp. 354-355 ( JSTOR 4107078 ).
  16. ^ Philip Miller: The Gardeners Dictionary . 4th edition 1754, Volume 1 books.google.com .
  17. ↑ Patrick Browne: The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica . London 1756, p. 234, botanicus.org .
  18. ↑ John Sims : Anacampseros filamentosa. Thready Anacampseros. In: Curtis's Botanical Magazine . Volume 33, plate 1367, biodiversitylibrary.org .
  19. ↑ Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart : Rülingia, a plant genus. In: Contributions to natural history and the sciences related to it, especially botany, chemistry, house and agriculture, knowledge of medicines and the art of pharmacy . Volume 3, Hannover / Osnabrück 1788, pp. 132-136 biodiversitylibrary.org .
  20. ↑ Friedrich Kasimir Medikus : Philosophical Botany with critical remarks: From the manifold sheaths of the seeds . Volume 1, Mannheim 1789, pp. 100-101 books.google.de
  21. ^ Additional Nomina Generica Conservanda (Pteridophyta and Phanerogamae). In: Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 1940 . Number 3, 1940, p. 100 ( JSTOR 4111642 ).
  22. ↑ Wendell Holmes Camp, Harold William Rickett, Charles Alfred Weatherby: Appendix III: Nomina Generica Conservanda, [Section 10]. In: Brittonia . Volume 6, Number 1, 1947, p. 61 ( JSTOR 2804665 ).
  23. ^ Entry on the genus Anacampseros in the Proposals and Disposals database of the Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (accessed December 7, 2011)
  24. ^ Johann Jacob Wernischeck: Genera plantarum, cum characteribus suis essentialibus et naturalibus . Vienna 1763, p. 307 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  25. ↑ Harold William Rickett, Frans Antonie Stafleu: Nomina generica conservanda et rejicienda spermatophytorum II (Continued). In: Taxon . Volume 8, Number 9, 1959, p. 269 ( JSTOR 1216847 ).

further reading

  • Maike Gerbaulet : The genus Anacampseros L. (Portulacaceae). 1. Studies on the system. In: Botanical yearbooks for systematics, plant history and plant geography . Volume 113, Number 4, pp. 477-564.
  • Maike Gerbaulet: The genus Anacampseros L. (Portulacaceae): 2. Studies on biogeography. In: Botanical yearbooks for systematics, plant history and plant geography . Volume 113, Number 4, pp. 565-576.
  • Lonnie J. Guralnick, Amanda Cline, Monica Smith, Rowan F. Sage: Evolutionary physiology: the extent of C4 and CAM photosynthesis in the genera Anacampseros and Grahamia of the Portulacaceae. In: Journal of Experimental Botany . Volume 59, number 7, pp. 1735-1742, doi: 10.1093 / jxb / ern081 .
  • Karl von Poellnitz : Anacampseros L .: Attempt a monograph. In: Botanical Yearbooks . Volume 65, 1933, pp. 382-448.
  • Gordon D. Rowley : Anacampseros and allied genera: A reassessment. In: Bradleya . Volume 12, 1994, pp. 105-112.
  • Gordon D. Rowley: Anacampseros, Avonia, Grahamia: A grower's guide . British Cactus and Succulent Society, 1995.

Web links

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