André Glucksmann

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
André Glucksmann (2009)

André Glucksmann (born June 19, 1937 in Boulogne-Billancourt , † November 10, 2015 in Paris ) was a French philosopher and essayist .

Life

Family and childhood

André Glucksmann's parents came from Eastern European Judaism ; the father came from Bukovina , the mother from Prague . Both went to Palestine in the 1920s and met each other there. Two Andrés sisters were born there. In 1930 the family went to Germany, where from 1933 the parents joined the resistance against National Socialism . In 1937 they fled to France. His father went on into exile in London, where he worked as a Soviet spy. When the Second World War broke out , he was imprisoned as an enemy alien . He was killed in 1940 when the Arandora Star was sunk by German torpedoes. In 1941 the rest of the family were taken to the Bourg-Lastic camp near Vichy . They were threatened with deportation to Germany. However, mother and children were allowed to leave the camp because André was born in France and was therefore French. In order to survive, he then had to live in secret under a hidden identity for several years.

Before 1976: Studies and Maoism

After studying philosophy in Lyon and at the École normal Supérieure Saint-Cloud , Glucksmann worked at the Center national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) under the direction of Raymond Aron as a specialist in war , deterrence and nuclear strategy . In 1968 he published his first book Le Discours de la Guerre (Discourse on War). He took part in the May demonstrations in 1968 and called himself a Maoist . He then became a member of the Gauche Prolétarienne (GP), which wanted to develop the anti-authoritarian revolt of Paris May into a proletarian revolution and continued the struggle until 1970, supported by Jean-Paul Sartre . In the understanding of the GP, state oppression in France increased at that time and took the form of fascism from above.

After 1976: criticism of totalitarianism

Glucksmann became known in the German left through his book Köchin und Menschenfresser - About the relationship between the state, Marxism and concentration camps , published in German in 1976 . Influenced by Solzhenitsyn's book The Gulag Archipelago , it represents a reckoning with Marxism and Stalinism and the history of the Soviet Union . Because of its GP past, Glucksmann's book was particularly hotly debated in some sections of the left that understood themselves as revolutionary and communist.

Glucksmann's main work is his philosophical treatise Die Meisterdenker (Les maîtres penseurs) , published in 1977 , to which he says he was also inspired by reading Solzhenitsyn's book. The “master thinkers” refer to the German philosophers Fichte , Hegel , Nietzsche and Marx , whom Glucksmann accuses of having established a cult around the romantic-mythical exaggeration of the “final, total and final revolution” and the resulting totalitarian state , and thus to be responsible for the lack of or insufficient resistance to totalitarianism .

“'Germany', the birthplace of the fascist movements, is not a territory, not a population, but a text and a relationship to texts that were drawn up long before Hitler and spread far beyond the old borders of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. This Germany is very contemporary, it has its seat in the modern minds of the modern planet, in the Pentagon in Washington as well as in the last hole of a concentration camp in the villages of Cambodia. "

- The master thinkers

In 1977, like around sixty other intellectuals, he signed an appeal for the decriminalization of pedophilia , which appeared in the Liberation and Le Monde newspapers. The appeal was initiated by the pedophile writer Gabriel Matzneff .

In his book Le Discours de la haine (Hatred) , published in October 2004 , he advocates the following core theses after an interview with Romain Leick published in Der Spiegel : “ Ideologies are the alibi of hatred.” “In order to unfold its destructive power, hatred must become collective. ”“ Ideologies can serve to collectivize hatred, but they are not the cause of it. ”This also applies to religions. So when ideologies are refuted or defeated, hatred does not go away. Only by controlling the death instinct , the murderous instincts and desires would terror and hatred be contained. "A civilization is not necessarily based on the jointly striven for the best, but on the exclusion, the tabooing of evil ." As a promising fight against evil he sees z. B. the Iraq war of the USA. Many democracies behaved too cautiously, trusting that “ the good ” would prevail with “the progress ” by itself.

Glucksmann also applied his anti-totalitarian explanatory model to terrorism . He described the bombings and the hostage-taking of the Chechens as anti-totalitarian resistance. Later Glucksmann was one of the editors of the magazine "Le Meilleur des Mondes", in which the French supporters of the Iraq war had their say and whose focus was the criticism of anti-Americanism .

In 1999 Glucksmann was already in favor of NATO's war against Slobodan Milošević .

In the newspaper Le Monde of January 30, 2007, he explained why he wanted to vote for Nicolas Sarkozy ( UMP ) in the French presidential elections , but later criticized Sarkozy's policies repeatedly.

Works

  • Voltaire contre-attaque , Robert Laffont, Paris 2014.
  • Les deux chemins de la philosophie , 2009, German: “Philosophy of Resistance, Sokrates or Heidegger”, translated by Helmut Kohlenberger and Dorothea Resch in collaboration with Wilhelm Donner, Passagen Verlag, Vienna 2012
  • Benedikt XVI, Andrè Glucksmann, Wael Faroug, Sari Nusseibeh, Robert Spaemann: God, save reason! The Pope's Regensburg Lecture in Philosophical Discussion . Sankt Ulrich Verlag, Augsburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-86744-055-4 .
  • Une rage d'enfant (2006), German: anger of a child, anger of a life. Memories. Translated by Bernd Wilczek, Nagel & Kimche, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-312-00385-3 (Review in Standard , April 7, 2007)
  • Le Discours de la haine (2004), German: Hass. The return of an elementary violence. Translated by Bernd Wilczek & Ulla Varchmin, Nagel & Kimche, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-312-00360-1
  • East versus East (2003)
  • Dostoïevski à Manhattan (2002)
  • La Troisième Mort de Dieu (2000)
  • Cynisme et passion (1999)
  • Le Bien et le mal (1997)
  • De Gaulle où it-do? (1995), German: War for Peace. Translated by Ursel Schäfer, DVA, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-421-05030-9
  • La Fêlure du monde (1993)
  • Le XIe commandement (1992)
  • Descartes c'est la France (1987), German: The Cartesian Revolution. From the origin of France from the spirit of philosophy , Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-498-02453-1
  • Silence, on tue (1986), with Thierry Wolton, German: Politics of Silence. DVA, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-421-06360-5
  • L'Esprit post-totalitaire, précédé de Devant le bien et le mal (1986), with Petr Fidelus
  • La Bêtise (1985), German: The power of stupidity . DVA, Stuttgart 1985
  • La Force du vertige (1983), German: Philosophy of deterrence DVA, Stuttgart May 1984, ISBN 3-421-06201-3
  • Cynisme et passion (1981)
  • Les Maîtres penseurs (1977), German: The master thinkers . DVA, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-421-06350-8
  • La Cuisinière et le Mangeur d'Hommes, réflexions sur L'état, le marxisme et les camps de concentration (1975), German: Cook and ogre - On the relationship between the state, Marxism and concentration camps , 1976
  • Discours de la guerre, theory and strategy (1967)

literature

  • Jürg Altwegg : André Glucksmann - an existential and intellectual dialogue with Germany. In: André Glucksmann: Philosophy of deterrence. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin 1986, pp. 9–24, ISBN 3-548-34356-2 .
  • Jürg Altwegg, Aurel Schmidt: André Glucksmann or The Intellectual as an anti-ideological arsonist. In: Dies .: French thinkers of the present. Twenty portraits. 2nd edition, Beck, Munich 1988, pp. 98-104, ISBN 3-406-31992-0 .
  • Ingeborg Breuer, Peter Leusch, Dieter Mersch: From anti-totalitarianism to the “ethics of first aid”. Political moral studies with André Glucksmann. In: This: worlds in your head. Profiles of contemporary philosophy. Volume 2: France / Italy. Rotbuch, Hamburg 1996, pp. 127-136, ISBN 3-88022-368-8 .
  • Yves Bizeul: André Glucksmann's path to becoming a leading intellectual - rise and fall. In: Harald Bluhm , Walter Reese-Schäfer (Ed.): The intellectuals and the world run. Creators and missionaries of political ideas in the USA, Asia and Europe after 1945. Nomos, Baden-Baden 2006, pp. 171–193, ISBN 978-3-8329-2254-2
  • Günther Schiwy : André Glucksmann: "Le Discours de la Guerre" and "La Force du Vertige" ("Philosophy of deterrence"). In the S. (Ed.): Poststructuralism and "New Philosophers". Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1985, pp. 121-131, ISBN 3-499-55413-5 .
  • Sebastian Voigt : The Jewish May '68: Pierre Goldman, Daniel Cohn-Bandit and André Glucksmann in post-war France. 2nd, revised edition. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2016, ISBN 978-3-525-37049-0 .

Movies

  • Sauve qui pense - Save yourself who thinks! ARTE film portrait about the French philosopher André Glucksmann. France / Germany, 1997/98, written and directed by Christoph Weinert

See also

Web links

Commons : André Glucksmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Facebook posting by his son Raphaël on November 10, 2015
  2. ^ Sebastian Voigt: The Jewish May '68: Pierre Goldman, Daniel Cohn-Bendit and André Glucksmann in post-war France . 2nd, revised edition. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2016, ISBN 978-3-525-37049-0 , p. 239-261 .
  3. ^ Romain Leick: On the death of the philosopher André Glucksmann: Seher in der Nacht , Spiegel Online , November 10, 2015
  4. ↑ Pascale Hugues : It was forbidden to forbid. In: Die Zeit from January 25, 2020, p. 53.
  5. ↑ Romain Leick: Recognizing evil together . In: Der Spiegel 39/2005 of September 26, 2005, pp. 216-219.
  6. ↑ Cf. André Glucksmann: It must be war. Milosevic, the Balkans and Europe . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , 1./2. April 1999.
    André Glucksmann: Don't hesitate! The West must defeat Milosevic and liberate Kosovo . In: Die Zeit , April 15, 1999
  7. ^ André Glucksmann: Pourquoi je choisis Nicolas Sarkozy (French) , Le Monde . January 30, 2007. Accessed November 21, 2015. 
personal data
SURNAME Glucksmann, André
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French philosopher and essayist
DATE OF BIRTH June 19, 1937
PLACE OF BIRTH Boulogne-Billancourt
DATE OF DEATH November 10, 2015
Place of death Paris