Aranđelovac
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Аранђеловац Aranđelovac |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : | Serbia | ||||
| Okrug : | Sumadija | ||||
| Coordinates : | 44 ° 18 ' N , 20 ° 34' E | ||||
| Height : | 256 m. i. J. | ||||
| Area : | 8.43 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 24,797 (2011) | ||||
| Population density : | 2,942 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+381) 034 | ||||
| Postal code : | 34300 | ||||
| License plate : | AR | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2019) | |||||
| Community type: | Mittelstadt | ||||
| Mayor : | Bojan Radović ( SNS ) | ||||
| Postal address : | Venac slobode 10 34300 Aranđelovac |
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| Website : | |||||
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| City Festival : | July 26th | ||||
Aranđelovac ( Serbian - Cyrillic Аранђеловац [ aranˈɟɛɫɔvat͡s ] ) is the most populous city and capital of the Opština Aranđelovac of the same name , the northernmost municipality in the Šumadija district in Serbia . The health resort is located at the foot of the Bukulja Mountains, 75 km south of Belgrade . In 2011 the city had 24,797 inhabitants, the 19 towns of the same name Opština 46,225 inhabitants. The name Aranđelovac comes from Arhanđel , the Serbian word for archangel .
geography
Position and extent
Aranđelovac is located in the north of the Okrug Šumadija , near the border with the Belgrade District . Neighboring municipalities are Sopot in the north, Mladenovac in the northeast, Topola in the east and south, Gornji Milanovac in the southwest, Ljig in the west and Lazarevac in the northwest. The nearest large cities are Mladenovac 25 km to the northeast and Kragujevac 56 km to the southeast. The distance to the capital Belgrade is 76 km.
The municipality of Aranđelovac covers an area of 376 km², with the urban area extending from the 696 m high mountain Bukulja to a lowland in a westerly direction. However, it only takes up a small part of the municipal area, because in addition to the town itself there are 18 other villages on its territory: Banja, Bosuta, Brezovac, Bukovik, Venčane, Vrbica, Vukosavci, Garaši, Gornja Trešnjevica, Darosava, Jelovik, Kopljare, Misača, Orašac, Progoreoci, Ranilović, Stojnik and Tulež.
Landscape and nature
In terms of landscape, Aranđelovac belongs to the hilly and mountainous country of Serbia, which begins south of the Danube near Belgrade. Pasture land takes up about 25,600 hectares of the parish area, while around 8,900 hectares are forested. It's such deciduous trees such as oaks , hornbeams and ash trees before, but many are evergreen pines and a few fir trees available. The highest point in the municipality is the mountain Bukulja with 696 m.
climate
Aranđelovac is located at the 44th degree north latitude. There is a moderate continental climate with the four seasons usual for Europe. Autumn turns out to be a typical Indian summer and has longer sunny days and warmer periods than spring. A cold northeast wind, the Košava , is characteristic in winter . It only occurs on two to three days with average speeds of 25 to 43 km / h, but maximum speeds of up to 130 km / h can occur in gusts.
history
middle Ages
Aranđelovac is a young city in the heart of Serbia. The city was created in 1859 when Prince Miloš Obrenović decided to merge two parts of the villages of Bukovik and Vrbica. The oldest sources that say that Bukovik and Vrbica existed date back to the 15th century. In the Middle Ages the whole region around Bukovik and Vrbica was connected with Rudnik , which was the most important place in the Šumadija region at that time. After the Ottomans conquered Smederevo in 1459 , it was not long before Bukovik and Vrbica were also taken. The later Serbian despot , Pavle Bakić , originally came from Venčac, a mountain range 4 km east of Aranđelovac. He and his army changed sides and stepped and fought for Hungary against the Ottomans, who tried again and again to advance to Central Europe. The Ottomans ruled Serbia for the next few centuries. After the Battle of Belgrade on August 22, 1717, in which the key fortress of Belgrade was conquered by the Austrian Empire , the Habsburgs ruled over the northern part of central Serbia , to which Aranđelovac also belonged. During this period, Vrbica is also mentioned as a populated village in the Kragujevac district. In 1735 the village of Vrbica had 50 houses with 300 to 350 inhabitants. In 1739, the Ottomans recaptured central Serbia. The Ottoman attacks against the civilian population led to a large wave of Serbs emigrating out of fear of reprisals and with the help of the Habsburgs to today's Vojvodina and to Slavonia . This happened not least to repopulate the devastated new Habsburg regions. The strategic layout of the military border was also protected in the Banat section by the settlement of Serbs as fortified farmers.
Serbian uprisings
The first uprising of the Serbs against the Ottoman rule broke out on February 15, 1804, in the village of Orašac , 5 km from Aranđelovac . Revolutionary Serbia reacted to the Ottoman massacre of 72 Serbian Knezen (village elders) in January 1804 by forming a separate Serbian government ( Praviteljstvujušči sovjet serbski , German: Governing Council of Serbs ), crowning a Serbian prince and a parliament and the forerunner what is now the University of Belgrade . The area around Bukovik and Vrbica served as a retreat for the rebels. Karađorđe , who was the leader of the Serbs in the first uprising, was able, together with his men, to liberate what is now central Serbia completely from the Ottomans. After Napoleon had successfully conquered Austria-Hungary and large parts of Russia in 1813 , it was no longer possible for both states to support Serbia in the fight against the Ottomans. In 1813 the Ottoman Empire used the turmoil after the Russo-Turkish War (1806-1812) to recapture central Serbia. Even if the uprising was brutally crushed by the Turks in 1813, this revolution sparked the Second Serbian Uprising ( Drugi srpski ustanak ) in 1815, which eventually led to the creation of a modern Serbian state, since Serbia in 1817 (officially in 1829) became independent from the Ottoman Empire , although suzerainty to the Ottoman Empire existed until the Berlin Congress in 1878 . Today a statue of Karađorđe in the village of Orašac commemorates the Serb uprisings.
First World War
Soldiers from the Šumadija region took part in the Balkan Wars and the First World War. On July 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Aranđelovac was occupied by Austro-Hungarian troops in 1915 and remained so until autumn 1918.
Interwar period
After the end of the war, Aranđelovac and all of Serbia came to the newly founded Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (SHS Kingdom), which was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 . In the interwar period, the city experienced a brisk boom, u. a. were Šamot (produced refractory material) and the marble mining plant near Venčac founded. From 1929 to 1941, Aranđelovac was administratively part of the Danube bank .
Second World War
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia disintegrated when German, Hungarian, Bulgarian and Italian troops attacked Yugoslavia on April 6, 1941 during the Balkan campaign . After the attack, Kosta Pećanac founded an approximately 5,200-strong troop of Chetniks on the summit of the Bukulja Mountains, who were on the side of the Wehrmacht in Serbia . He was therefore executed in Sokobanja in 1944 on the orders of General Draža Mihailović . Ljubomir Novaković , an artillery general competing with Mihailović because of his rank, spread anti-Germany propaganda on a radio station in the Šumadija in mid-September 1941 and called on the people to resist. Novaković, however, was compromised by his military incompetence at the end of September 1941 when he stormed a German base near Aranđelovac with around 3,000 farmers, the majority armed with scythes and pitchforks, killing many attackers.
Aranđelovac was occupied by Soviet and Yugoslav troops on September 20, 1944 .
The communist era
In communist Yugoslavia , the community recovered only slowly. Before the World War, a functioning power supply was set up in almost all localities. The first telephone lines were laid soon afterwards. Education and industrialization, which were neglected in the Yugoslav kingdom, were also promoted by the Tito state through the construction of new village schools and a textile factory. Nevertheless, Aranđelovac, like almost all of central Serbia, lagged significantly behind the rest of the state in terms of development, which led to migration to the large urban centers, above all Belgrade and Kragujevac , until the 1960s . When it became possible to emigrate to the Western European states, there was also significant guest worker migration to Western Europe in Aran Aelovac . While the 1970s were marked by a brief boom, a renewed economic decline followed in the following decade, similar to the whole of Yugoslavia. With the collapse of the communist one-party system , free municipal council elections were held again in November 1990 after more than half a century.
population
Ethnic composition
| Population development | |
|---|---|
| year | Residents |
| 1948 | 4,278 |
| 1953 | 6,368 |
| 1961 | 9,837 |
| 1971 | 15,545 |
| 1981 | 21,379 |
| 1991 | 23,750 |
| 2002 | 24,309 |
As in other cities in central Serbia , the population is predominantly Serbian. In the last census in 2002, the city had a total of 24,309 inhabitants. Divided by nationality, 23,324 (95.94%) Serbs , 244 (1.00) Montenegrins and 231 (0.95%) Roma were resident in Aranđelovac. 50 (0.20%) inhabitants still described themselves as Yugoslavs and 255 (0.96%) said they belonged to another ethnic group .
Population development
After the Second World War, the city's population was 4,278. By the 1960s, the city was able to more than double its population to 9,837. In the 1970s a rural exodus began, as a result of which the city's population doubled again by 1991. Since then the population has increased again and reached the highest level of 24,309 inhabitants in 2002. About 50.50% of the inhabitants of the municipality of Aranđelovac live in the city of Aranđelovac, 49.50% live in the 18 localities.
language
The common everyday language in Aranđelovac is the Ekavian variant of the Serbian language , which is widespread in almost all of Serbia .
economy
The most famous company in Aranđelovac is Knjaz Miloš , the leading producer of mineral water and non-alcoholic beverages in Serbia. The Šamot company produces refractories and is active in the mining industry. Elektroporzelan produces electroceramics and insulators, Peštan PVC plastic and Kubršnica building materials. Marble is quarried on the Venčac mountain . There are three hotels in the city: The former royal residence Staro zdanje , in the vicinity the Hotel Šumadija and, as the largest, the more modern Izvor , as well as other resting places and on the Bukulja the Motel Lovački dom (hunters' home). All three hotels mentioned are located directly at the park.
Attractions
In the city's park, one of the largest in the country, sculptures by artists from all over the world are exhibited. Since 1966 sculptors have been invited at community expense. The prerequisite is that they give one of their works to the community, which is then exhibited in the park, one of the largest in former Yugoslavia.
Further sights are the prehistoric Risovača cave with remains of human settlements and primeval animals, the Staro zdanje , the summer residence of the Obrenović , several monasteries and the neighboring Topola with the royal church.
sons and daughters of the town
- Ilija Garašanin (1812–1874), Serbian politician
- Igor Duljaj (* 1979), football player
- Ana Đokić (* 1979), handball player at Győri ETO KC (Hungary)
- Momir Ilić (* 1981), handball player at THW Kiel
Individual evidence
- ↑ Становништво, упоредни преглед броја становника 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002, подаци по насељикима, Репуб засељикима, Репуб . May 2004.
- ↑ Становништво, упоредни преглед броја становника 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002, подаци по насељикима, Репуб засељикима, Репуб . May 2004.
