Arthur Salter, 1st Baron Salter

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James Arthur Salter, 1st Baron Salter , GBE , KCB , PC (born March 15, 1881 - † June 27, 1975 ) was a British government official, university professor and politician of the Conservative Party who, among other things, between 1937 and 1950 and again from 1951 until 1953 a member of the House of Commons , 1945 Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ( Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ) , 1951-1952 Minister of economic Affairs, and from 1952 to 1953 Minister of materials was. In 1953 raised to a peer and thus a member of the House of Lords .

Life

Government Official, World War I and League of Nations employee

Salter, whose father James Edward Salter co-owner of the steamship company Salters Steamers and in 1909 Mayor of Oxford , was completed his education at the City of Oxford High School for Boys and then a degree in classics (Literae Humaniores) at Brasenose College of the University of Oxford , which he graduated with honors in 1903. On October 6, 1904, he entered the public service and was initially an employee (Clerk Class I) in the transport department of the Admiralty . In February 1912 he joined as an employee (First Class Clerk) in the Joint Committee of the National Health Insurance (National Health Insurance Joint Committee) and then in May 1912 employees (Junior Clerk) of the National Health Insurance Commission (National Health Insurance Commission) . During the First World War , he was the head of the Department for the Seizure of Ships in the Department of Shipping and led negotiations with the US for a new shipbuilding program. In 1917 he also became the representative of Great Britain in the Allied Maritime Transport Council ( AMTC ) , which also included Jean Monnet for France , Bernardo Attolico for Italy , and George Rublee for the USA.

Salter became Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) on May 31, 1918 for his services in the war . In 1919 he assumed the position as secretary of the Supreme Economic Council ( Supreme Economic Council ) , which on 8 February 1919 by the Allied Supreme War Council at the suggestion of President Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference was created and the tasks of the Allied Maritime Transport Council, the Inter-Allied Food Council ( Inter-Allied Food Council ) , the Supreme Council for care and assistance ( Supreme Council of supply and relief ) and the Supreme Council blockade ( Superior blockade Council ) combined. He then became head of the economic and financial department in the secretariat of the League of Nations . In the following period he dealt with the stabilization of the currencies in Austria and Hungary , but also with settlement measures for refugees in Greece and Bulgaria .

On February 4, 1922, Salter became commander of the French Legion of Honor . 1922 was also beaten to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) and from then on carried the suffix "Sir".

University professor, MP and junior minister

After returning to the UK, Salter worked as a journalist and writer. In 1932 he became chairman of a conference on transport on roads and railways, which dealt with the actual costs and subsidies for transport and published them in a final report named after him (Salter Report) . It called for a change in the promotion of public roads to meet the growing demand from automobiles and road freight transport. The report also called for ensuring that roads and railways were regulated equally in order to enable fair competition. After some liberalization and numerous protests by transport companies, the government implemented all direct result freight licensing and road funds so that transport companies could fully cover the cost of the road network.

In 1934 Salter took over the Gladstone Professorship for Political Theories and Institutions at the University of Oxford and was also a Fellow at the All Souls College there .

Following the resignation of Lord Hugh Cecil Salter was a non-party at a by-election (by-election) in the constituency Oxford University selected and could rely with 7,580 votes (50.18 percent) against the candidate of the Conservative Party, Farquhar Buzzard (3,917 votes, 25.93 percent) and the also non-party Frederick Alan Lindemann (3,608 votes, 23.89 percent) prevail. He represented this constituency until the constituency was dissolved on February 23, 1950.

In the war government formed by Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain , he took on his first government office on September 3, 1939, as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Shipping . He was thus the closest collaborator of the then Minister of Shipping John Gilmour, 2nd Baronet and then of Robert Hudson . He held the office of Parliamentary Secretary of State from May 10, 1940 to May 1, 1941 in the war government of Prime Minister Winston Churchill and was as such a close associate of Minister of Shipping Ronald Cross . After the Ministry of Shipping and the Ministry of Transport on 1 May 1941 the new Ministry of War Transportation ( Ministry of War Transport ) under Prime Frederick Leathers were combined, he was Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of War Transportation (Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of War Transport) . He held this office until February 4, 1942. In 1941 he became a member of the Secret Privy Council ( Privy Council ) and 1944 Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE).

Postwar Minister and House of Lords

In the interim government of Prime Minister Churchill held Salter from 23 May to 26 July 1945, the office of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ( Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ) . After Ronald Cross was named Crown Steward and Bailiff of the Manor of Northstead , he was re-elected as a candidate for the Conservative Party in a by-election in the Ormskirk constituency on April 5, 1951, and won with 24,190 votes (71st , 47 percent) clearly prevail over its competitors. He represented this constituency in the House of Commons until he waived his mandate on October 16, 1953, and was then replaced by his fellow party member Douglas Glover , who had won the by-election on November 12, 1953.

After the election victory of the conservative Tories in the general election on October 25, 1951 , Salter was first Minister of Economic Affairs on October 31, 1951 in Churchill's third cabinet . Among his closest associates was his then Parliamentary Private Secretary, Aubrey Jones . On November 24, 1952, this ministerial office was abolished and instead the function of Economic Secretary to the Treasury was established, which was taken over by Reginald Maudling . He himself then took over the post of Philip Cunliffe-Lister, 1st Viscount Swinton, the office of Minister for Materials (Minister of Materials) and held this post until his replacement by Frederick Marquis, 1st Viscount Woolton on September 1, 1953.

After leaving the government and the House of Commons, Salter was raised to the hereditary nobility of the Peerage of the United Kingdom by a letters patent from October 16, 1953 as Baron Salter , of Kidlington in the County of Oxford . This made him a member of the House of Lords , which he belonged to until his death on June 27, 1975. Since he died without male descendants, the title of nobility expired with his death.

Publications

  • Allied shipping control. An experiment in international administration , The Clarendon Press, H. Milford in Oxford, London, New York City, 1921
  • Political aspects of the world depression , Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1932
  • Recovery. The second effort , G. Bell, London, 1932
  • Modern mechanization and its effects on the structure of society , Oxford University Press, H. Milford, London, 1933
  • China and silver , Economic Forum, inc., New York City, 1934
  • The English speaking peoples and world peace , League for Political Education, New York City, 1936
  • World trade and its future , University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1936
  • The dual policy , Oxford University Press, H. Milford, London 1939
  • Foreign investment , Princeton University, Princeton, 1951
  • The united states of Europe and other papers , Reynal and Hitchcock, New York City, 1957
  • Memoirs of a public servant , Faber and Faber, London, 1961

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ London Gazette . No. 27729, HMSO, London, November 1, 1904, p. 7030 ( PDF , accessed October 15, 2016, English).
  2. ↑ London Gazette . No. 28586, HMSO, London, March 1, 1912, p. 1570 ( PDF , accessed October 15, 2016, English).
  3. ↑ London Gazette . No. 28614, HMSO, London, June 4, 1912, p. 4057 ( PDF , accessed October 15, 2016, English).
  4. ^ London Gazette  (Supplement). No. 30723, HMSO, London, May 31, 1918, p. 6528 ( PDF , accessed October 14, 2016, English).
  5. ↑ London Gazette . No. 32602, HMSO, London, February 7, 1922, p. 1079 ( PDF , accessed October 15, 2016, English).
  6. ↑ London Gazette . No. 34376, HMSO, London, March 2, 1937, p. 1410 ( PDF , accessed October 15, 2016, English).
  7. ↑ London Gazette . No. 39201, HMSO, London, April 13, 1951, p. 2067 ( PDF , accessed October 15, 2016, English).
  8. ↑ Ronald Cross then took over the office of Governor of Tasmania on August 22, 1951 .
  9. ↑ London Gazette . No. 40019, HMSO, London, November 17, 1953, p. 6171 ( PDF , accessed October 15, 2016, English).
  10. ↑ London Gazette . No. 39988, HMSO, London, October 16, 1953, p. 5498 ( PDF , accessed October 15, 2016, English).
predecessor Office successor
New title created Baron Salter
1953-1975 		Title expired
personal data
SURNAME Salter, Arthur, 1st Baron Salter
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Salter, James Arthur, 1st Baron Salter (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British politician, member of the House of Commons and the House of Lords
DATE OF BIRTH March 15, 1881
DATE OF DEATH June 27, 1975