Chamberlain's War Government
The war government Chamberlain ( English Chamberlain ministry ) under Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain ruled the United Kingdom at the time of seat war on September 3, 1939 to May 10, 1940. She was born from the transformation of the 1937 ruling also under Chamberlain fourth National Government on Days of the UK's entry into World War II and was dominated by Conservative politicians. It existed in the House of Commons until Chamberlain's resignation as a result of the Norwegian debate and was replaced by Churchill's wartime government.
history
With Great Britain's declaration of war on the German Reich on September 3, 1939, Chamberlain reorganized his existing government to align it with the needs of the war. The most serious changes from the fourth National Government were the appointment of Winston Churchill as First Lord of the Admiralty (Minister of the Navy) and the return of Anthony Eden to the government (as Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs ). Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount Caldecote became the new Lord Chancellor in place of Frederic Maugham, 1st Viscount Maugham . Sir John Anderson moved to the post of Home Secretary , where he replaced Samuel Hoare , who moved to the post of Lord Seal Keeper .
War Cabinet
In addition, Chamberlain formed a smaller war cabinet , as David Lloyd George had led during the First World War . In addition to Chamberlain, this included:
- Sir Samuel Hoare (Lord Seal Keeper)
- Sir John Simon ( Chancellor of the Exchequer )
- Edward Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax (Secretary of State)
- Leslie Hore-Belisha (Secretary of War)
- Winston Churchill (Minister of the Navy)
- Sir Kingsley Wood (Minister of Aviation)
- Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield (Minister for the Coordination of Defense)
- Maurice Hankey, 1st Baron Hankey (Minister without Portfolio)
Hore-Belisha was replaced by Oliver Stanley as Secretary of War in January 1940 . In the course of a major government reshuffle in early April 1940, Samuel Hoare exchanged office with Kingsley Wood.
List of public officials
(Cabinet ministers appear in bold , members of the war cabinet in italics .)
Office | Surname | Political party | Duration, if different | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prime Minister , First Lord of the Treasury , Leader of the House of Commons |
Neville Chamberlain | Conservative | |||
Lord Chancellor | Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount Caldecote | Conservative | |||
Lord President of the Council , Leader of the House of Lords |
James Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope | Conservative | |||
Lord Seal Keeper | Sir Samuel Hoare | Conservative | until April 3, 1940 | then Minister of Aviation | |
Sir Kingsley Wood | Conservative | from April 3, 1940 | previously Minister of Aviation | ||
Chancellor of the Exchequer | Sir John Simon | Liberal National | |||
Parliamentary State Secretary for the Treasury | David Margesson | Conservative | |||
Treasury Secretary of State for the Treasury | Harry Crookshank | Conservative | |||
Lords of the Treasury (official title of the Whips ) | James Stuart | Conservative | |||
Thomas Dugdale | Conservative | until February 12, 1940 | |||
Patrick Munro | Conservative | ||||
Stephen Furness | Liberal National | ||||
Sir James Edmondson | Conservative | until November 12, 1939 | then Vice-Chamberlain of the Household | ||
Patrick Buchan-Hepburn | Conservative | from November 13, 1939 | |||
William Boulton | Conservative | from February 12, 1940 | |||
Foreign minister | Edward Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax | Conservative | |||
Parliamentary State Secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Rab butler | Conservative | |||
Interior minister | Sir John Anderson | National Independent | |||
State Secretary in the Ministry of the Interior | Osbert Peake | Conservative | |||
Minister of Homeland Security | Alan Lennox-Boyd | Conservative | |||
William Mabane | Liberal National | from October 24, 1939 | previously Deputy Minister of Post | ||
First Lord of the Admiralty | Winston Churchill | Conservative | |||
Parliamentary and Finance Secretary of State of the Admiralty | Geoffrey Shakespeare | Liberal National | until April 3, 1940 | then State Secretary for Foreign Trade | |
Sir Victor Warrender , Bt | Conservative | from April 3, 1940 | previously Finance Secretary in the War Ministry | ||
Admiralty Civil Lord | Sir Austin Hudson , Bt | Conservative | |||
Minister for Agriculture and Fisheries | Sir Reginald Dorman-Smith | Conservative | |||
Parliamentary State Secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture | George Bowyer, 1st Baron Denham | Conservative | from September 19, 1939 | ||
Aviation Minister | Sir Kingsley Wood | Conservative | until April 3, 1940 | then Lord Seal Keeper | |
Sir Samuel Hoare , Bt | Conservative | from April 3, 1940 | previously Lord Seal Keeper | ||
State Secretary in the Ministry of Aviation | Harold Balfour | Conservative | |||
Secretary of State for the Colonies | Malcolm MacDonald | National Labor | |||
State Secretary in the Colonial Ministry | Basil Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 4th Marquess of Dufferin and Ava | Conservative | |||
Minister for the Coordination of Defense | Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield | independent | until April 3, 1940 | Abolished on April 3, 1940 | |
Minister for the Dominions | Anthony Eden | Conservative | |||
State Secretary in the Dominion Ministry | Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire | Conservative | |||
Minister for Economic Warfare | Ronald Cross | Conservative | |||
Minister of Education | Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr | National Labor | until April 3, 1940 | then Minister of Construction and Planning | |
Herwald Ramsbotham | Conservative | from April 3, 1940 | previously Minister of Construction and Planning | ||
Parliamentary State Secretary in the Ministry of Education | Kenneth Lindsay | National Labor | |||
Minister of Food | William Morrison | Conservative | until April 3, 1940 | at the same time Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ; then Minister of Post | |
Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton | Conservative | from April 3, 1940 | |||
Parliamentary State Secretary in the Ministry of Food | Alan Lennox-Boyd | Conservative | from October 11, 1939 | ||
Minister of Health | Walter Elliot | Conservative | |||
Parliamentary State Secretary in the Ministry of Health | Florence Horsbrugh | Conservative | |||
Secretary of State for India and Burma | Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland | Conservative | |||
State Secretary in the Ministry of India | Sir Hugh O'Neill | Ulster Unionist | from September 11, 1939 | ||
Information minister | Hugh Macmillan, Baron Macmillan | Conservative | until January 5, 1940 | ||
Sir John Reith | National | from January 5, 1940 | |||
Parliamentary State Secretary in the Ministry of Information | Sir Edward Grigg | Conservative | September 19, 1939 - April 3, 1940 | Office vacant from April 3, 1940 | |
Minister of Labor | Ernest Brown | Liberal National | |||
Parliamentary State Secretary in the Ministry of Labor | Ralph Assheton | Conservative | |||
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster | William Morrison | Conservative | until April 3, 1940 | at the same time food minister | |
George Tryon | Conservative | from April 3, 1940 | |||
Paymaster General | Edward Turnour, 6th Earl Winterton | Conservative | until November 1939 | vacant from November 1939 | |
Pension Minister | Sir Walter Womersley | Conservative | |||
Minister with no portfolio | Maurice Hankey, 1st Baron Hankey | independent | |||
Post Minister | George Tryon | Conservative | until April 3, 1940 | ||
William Morrison | Conservative | from April 3, 1940 | |||
Deputy Minister of Post | William Mabane | Liberal National | until October 24, 1939 | then Minister for Homeland Security | |
Charles Waterhouse | Conservative | from October 24, 1939 | |||
Scotland Minister | John Colville | Conservative | |||
Secretary of State in the Ministry of Scotland | John McEwen | Conservative | |||
Minister of Shipping | Sir John Gilmour , Bt | Conservative | October 13, 1939 - April 3, 1940 | ||
Robert Hudson | Conservative | from April 3, 1940 | |||
Parliamentary State Secretary in the Ministry of Shipping | Sir Arthur Salter | Conservative | from November 13, 1939 | ||
Minister of Supply | Leslie Burgin | Liberal National | |||
Parliamentary State Secretary in the Ministry of Supply | John Llewellin | Conservative | |||
Minister for Trade and Industry | Oliver Stanley | Conservative | until January 5, 1940 | ||
Sir Andrew Duncan | National | from January 5, 1940 | |||
Parliamentary State Secretary in the Ministry of Commerce | Gwilym Lloyd George | Independent liberal | |||
State Secretary for Foreign Trade | Robert Hudson | Conservative | until April 3, 1940 | ||
Geoffrey Shakespeare | Liberal National | from April 3, 1940 | |||
State Secretary for Mining | Geoffrey Lloyd | Conservative | |||
Transport Minister | Euan Wallace | Conservative | |||
Parliamentary State Secretary in the Ministry of Transport | Robert Bernays | Liberal National | |||
Minister of War | Leslie Hore-Belisha | Liberal National | until January 5, 1940 | ||
Oliver Stanley | Conservative | from January 5, 1940 | |||
State Secretary in the War Ministry | John Lyttelton, 9th Viscount Cobham | Conservative | from September 19, 1939 | ||
Finance Secretary in the War Department | Sir Victor Warrender , Bt | Conservative | until April 3, 1940 | ||
Sir Edward Grigg | Conservative | from April 3, 1940 | |||
Minister of Construction and Planning | Herwald Ramsbotham | Conservative | until April 3, 1940 | then Minister of Education | |
Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr | National Labor | from April 3, 1940 | previously Minister of Education | ||
Attorney General for England and Wales | Sir Donald Somervell | Conservative | |||
Solicitor General for England and Wales | Sir Terence O'Connor | Conservative | |||
Lord Advocate | Thomas Cooper | Conservative | |||
Solicitor General for Scotland | James Reid | Conservative | |||
Treasurer of the Household | Charles Waterhouse | Conservative | until November 12, 1939 | ||
Robert Grimston | Conservative | from November 12, 1939 | |||
Comptroller of the Household | Charles Kerr | Liberal National | |||
Vice-Chamberlain of the Household | Robert Grimston | Conservative | until November 12, 1939 | ||
Sir James Edmondson | Conservative | from November 12, 1939 | |||
Captain of the Gentlemen-at-Arms | George Bingham, 5th Earl of Lucan | Conservative | |||
Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard | Arthur Chichester, 4th Baron Templemore | Conservative | |||
Lords-in-Waiting | Hugh Fortescue, 5th Earl Fortescue | Conservative | |||
Frederick Smith, 2nd Earl of Birkenhead | Conservative | ||||
Rowland Hood, 3rd Viscount Bridport | Conservative | ||||
Robert Egerton Grosvenor, 5th Baron Ebury | Conservative |
literature
- David Butler: Twentieth-Century British Political Facts, 1900-2000. Palgrave Macmillan, 2000, ISBN 978-1-349-62733-2 .