August from Bayer

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August from Bayer

Gustav August von Bayer (born May 3, 1803 in Rorschach ; † February 2, 1875 in Karlsruhe ) was an architectural painter, court painter and curator in the service of the Grand Duchy of Baden .

Origin and family

August von Bayer comes from a patrician family documented in Rorschach since 1514 , which was founded by Emperor Karl VI in 1717 . was raised to the nobility. He was born the son of Colonel Josef Anton von Bayer (1767-1848) and his wife Rominette (née von Carlé).

Bayer married Joséphine Marie von Lamey (1810–1884) in 1839 and had four children with her:

  • Clothilde (1840-1908), nun
  • Berta (1841–1897) ⚭ Konstantin Winterberg (known as the portrait painter Berta Winterberg)
  • Albrecht (1843-1891), lieutenant colonel in the artillery
  • Hector Raymond (1844–1926) ⚭ Mathilde von Cornberg

Life

In 1818 he began training as an architect with Hans Conrad Stadler in Zurich, which he then continued at Friedrich Weinbrenner's building school in Karlsruhe . On November 8, 1824, under the influence of the portrait painter Franz Winterhalter , Bayer was enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich in the subject of architecture , where he also studied with Friedrich von Gärtner .

At the end of the 1820s, Bayer turned to architectural painting. At the end of the 1840s he left Munich and turned to Baden-Baden .

The painter

Strasbourg Cathedral

Initially he studied figure painting at the Cornelian School, and then created his own genre with "romantic, atmospheric architectural images". In Baden-Baden, Bayer created more and more works in an “ultra-romantic” way. He found his motifs mainly in churches, cloisters and monastery courtyards. Bayer was also involved as an illustrator in the volumes published by Ottmar Schönhuth The castles, monasteries, churches and chapels of Baden and the Palatinate with their stories, sagas and fairy tales .

The kings Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia and George V of Hanover were among his sponsors. In Baden he was listed as one of the court painters in the state calendar from 1853.

On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Bayers death, the State Art Gallery Karlsruhe organized a special exhibition with works by the painter from February 2 to March 2, 1975.

The conservator

On Bayer's initiative, the antiquity association for the Grand Duchy of Baden was founded in 1844 , which he led as the second board member and director. As editor - later co-editor - he published the series Monuments of Art & History of the Heimathland. The general association of German history and antiquity associations , to which the Baden association belonged, campaigned for the appointment of conservators in petitions to the German royal courts in 1852. The example of the Kingdom of Prussia , which had set up such a body in 1843 , was invoked . After initial hesitation, the Grand Ducal Baden government complied with this request. In 1853 Bayer was appointed the first curator of art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Baden. "Bayers' appointment as a curator is now considered to be the beginning of state preservation of monuments in Baden." Bayer held this position on a part-time basis. His tasks included the inventory of art monuments and the promotion of their preservation. In 1855 Bayer called himself “The Grand Ducal Baden Conservator of Art Monuments and Antiquities” in the letterhead of his office. From this it is deduced that the lost instructions for his office have also extended the competence to soil monuments . As early as 1853, Bayer sent a questionnaire to the local authorities, which was also intended to collect information on prehistoric and prehistoric soil monuments.

Later he was also appointed head of the antiquity hall in Karlsruhe. One of the measures taken on his initiative was the partial reconstruction of the Allerheiligen monastery .

Honors

In 1857 Bayer received the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Zähringer Lion . In addition, in 1858 he received the Knight's Cross II. Class of the Bavarian Order of Merit from St. Michael .

literature

  • Friedrich Pecht:  Bayer, August von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 186 f.
  • Friedrich von Weech:  Bayer, August von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 46, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1902, p. 277 f.
  • Friedrich Pecht : August von Bayer. In: Baden biographies . First Part, 1875, pp. 52-55 ( digitized version ).
  • Carl Brun (Ed.): Swiss Artist Lexicon. Volume 1, Frauenfeld 1905, p. 96 ( digitized version ).
  • Richard Grünberger: The Rorschach merchant family from Bayer. In: Rorschacher Neujahrsblatt. 62nd year (1972), pp. 9-47, here p. 35–36 and family tree III ( digitized version ).
  • Hubert Krins: The foundation of the state preservation of monuments in Baden and Württemberg. In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg. 12 (1983), No. 2, pp. 34-42 ( digitized version ).
  • Arthur von Schneider: An unknown work by August von Bayer. In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance a. his surroundings , 1936, pp. 115–122 (digitized version )

Web links

Commons : August von Bayer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: August von Bayer  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peter Müller: Bayer, from. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . and Friedrich Pecht:  Bayer, August von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 186 f.
  2. ^ Richard Grünberger: The Rorschacher merchant family from Bayer. In: Rorschacher Neujahrsblatt. 62nd year (1972), p. 31 ( digitized version ).
  3. ^ Richard Grünberger: The Rorschacher merchant family from Bayer. In: Rorschacher Neujahrsblatt. 62nd year (1972), p. 34 ( digitized version ).
  4. ^ Carl Brun (Ed.): Swiss Artist Lexicon. Volume 1, Frauenfeld 1905, p. 96 ( digitized version ).
  5. ^ Conversations-lexikon: Allgemeine deutsche Real-Encyklopadie, Volume 3: Bayer
  6. ^ Register book of the academy .
  7. ↑ Since he was listed among the natives when the medal was awarded in 1857, he must first have acquired Baden citizenship.
  8. ^ Friedrich Pecht: August von Bayer. In: Baden biographies. First part, p. 53 ( digitized version ).
  9. ^ Friedrich Pecht: August von Bayer. In: Baden biographies. First part, p. 54 ( digitized version ).
  10. ↑ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogthums Baden 1853, p. 20 ( digitized version ).
  11. ^ Krins: The establishment of the state preservation of monuments in Baden and Württemberg. 1983, p. 34.
  12. ↑ Großherzoglich Baden Government Gazette No. XIX of May 17, 1853, p. 172, Google Books .
  13. ^ The first conservator in Baden, August von Bayer. ( Memento of the original from October 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Website of the State Palaces and Gardens of Baden-Württemberg . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.klosterruine-allerheiligen.de
  14. ^ Krins: The establishment of the state preservation of monuments in Baden and Württemberg. 1983, p. 41.
  15. ^ Krins: The establishment of the state preservation of monuments in Baden and Württemberg. , 1983, p. 42, footnote 21.
  16. ↑ Court and State Handbook of the Grand Duchy of Baden. 1865, p. 75 ( digitized version ).
  17. ↑ Court and State Manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria. 1863, p. 88 ( digitized version ); the following year in the government gazette for the Kingdom of Bavaria , No. 35 of July 14, 1859, column 726, announced ( digitized version ).
personal data
SURNAME Bayer, August of
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Baier, August of
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss-Baden painter, architectural painter and curator
DATE OF BIRTH May 3, 1803
PLACE OF BIRTH Rorschach
DATE OF DEATH February 2, 1875
Place of death Karlsruhe