X-ray valley cutting area

X-ray valley cutting area IUCN Category IV - Habitat / Species Management Area
View from Buchenallee to the northern part of the NSG
location	Röntgen Valley , Brandenburg , Germany
surface	24.84 ha
WDPA ID	162301
Geographical location	52 ° 39 '  N , 13 ° 31'  E Coordinates: 52 ° 39 '1 "  N , 13 ° 30' 33"  E
Setup date	May 16, 1990

The Röntgengental cutout area is a nature reserve belonging to the Zepernick district of the Panketal municipality in Brandenburg . The 24.84 hectare wetland on the northeastern outskirts of Berlin in the immediate vicinity of the Röntgengental S-Bahn station and the Berlin-Stettin railway line was created from an artificial depression that was created after sand was removed for embankments during the construction of the Berlin S-Bahn in 1892 -95 remained. Rare plant species soon settled on the site of the shaft, which justified the first protection of the area in 1940. In the decades that followed, the area became increasingly boggy, the rare species were displaced, so that in 1972 the nature conservation status was revoked. A renewed designation as a nature reserve took place in 1986 by the council of the Bernau district and - still valid today - on March 14, 1990 according to resolution No. 130 of the Frankfurt (Oder) district assembly .

location

Alder quarry forest in the southern part of the NSG

The X-ray valley cut-out area is located north of the Berlin-Stettin railway line in the immediate vicinity of the Röntgen valley S-Bahn station. In the west it borders on the Berlin-Buch district, which belongs to the Berlin district of Pankow . In the north, the former sewage fields of the Hobrechtsfelde estate in Berlin , which have been renatured and reforested since the 1980s, extend . In the east, the area is bounded by settlement areas in the district of Zepernick, residential area Röntgen, belonging to the municipality of Panketal. The site of the former reception center and an allotment garden also belong to the neighboring properties. In the middle of the nature reserve leads the beech avenue - here only designated as a footpath and bike path - which at the beginning of the 20th century was still recognizable as part of the medieval Uckermark Army Trail with its popular name Heerweg .

The Mittelbruch NSG, which belongs to the city of Berlin, is located around 500 meters west of the Röntgengental cutting area . Both nature reserves are part of the common Barnim Nature Park established in 1998 by the federal states of Berlin and Brandenburg .

Protection purpose of the nature reserve

The roentgen valley has developed into an optimal habitat for amphibians since the 1970s . Maintaining this status of the area is the primary protection goal.

history

The construction of the Berlin-Szczecin railway line from 1841 to 1843 was largely carried out at ground level, existing roads crossed on the same level as the rails at mostly barred crossings. The growing volume of traffic at the end of the century and the associated expansion of the route between Berlin and Bernau as a suburban line with regular passenger and freight traffic meant that rail traffic increasingly turned out to be an obstacle to road traffic. As early as the 1890s, as part of the renovation of the Szczecin train station and the expansion of the railway systems in the Berlin Weichbild, a higher level of the railway line was realized, which was continued in the section from Berlin-Heinersdorf to Bernau in the beginning of the 20th century . Around 1909/10 the building project reached the Zepernick district. The earth material required for the embankment was sought as close as possible to the route in order to keep the transport routes and thus the costs low.

Already in the years 1892 to 1895 the extraction of earth material for the dam construction in Berlin had started in the excavation area Röntgen. This work continued up to the turn of the century in the context of further route and dam construction. The result was an approximately 28 hectare large depression, which was left to its own devices after the end of the earthworks and, as an area devoid of vegetation, offered ideal conditions for the scientific observation of a gradual re-colonization with plants and animals. Already at the turn of the 20th century, rare mosses , fungi and other plants that had not existed in the region until then were found on the wasteland . Above all, it was the Berlin Lessing-Gymnasium active high school professor Karl Osterwald (1853-1923) who observed the development of the flora in the cut-out area from the mid-1890s and presented his research results in various publications from 1897 onwards over 800 types of plants, including 190 types of moss and 152 types of mushrooms, can be identified. The botanical treasures found in the area included colorful horsetail , snakebird moss , bell heather , fatty herbs , sundew , but also cotton grasses that love persistent moisture .

In order to ensure the undisturbed further development of the flora and fauna in the roentgen valley, the area was placed under protection by ordinance of the district president in Potsdam of April 5, 1940. This also made it possible to continue scientific observation of the development of vegetation in the shaft area. This development gradually led to the development of a "normal state", rare plant species disappeared due to increasing bush cover . In 1972 this development was taken into account and the X-ray valley cut-off area was removed from the list of nature reserves in the GDR. As a wetland , however, it was largely left to its own devices. The alder forest south of the beech avenue, but above all the water areas and reed biotopes north of the road, developed into a habitat for amphibians and birds in the following years, which justified a renewed protection. This took place in 1986 by the council of the Bernau district.

Regardless of the need for protection, a weapons workshop for the railway police with an associated firing range had been built on the edge of the site. There was also a training place for police dogs. In 1979 the Central Reception Center of the GDR (ZAH) , which is subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior of the GDR , was created on the north-eastern edge of the cutting area, shielded from the outside world by a high corrugated iron fence . The weapons workshop was now primarily used by members of the Ministry for State Security located on the premises , a sound-insulating shooting range hidden under a mound of earth replaced the old shooting range and was used for testing weapons and for shooting training.

On December 14, 1989, the area was visited for the first time by the citizens' movement that emerged after the fall of the Wall . It is thanks to your efforts that the ZAH was turned into a home for after work in the following years and that the surrounding buildings could be used as an integration object with workshops for the disabled and health facilities. At the same time, the continued commercial use of the weapons workshop and the shooting range, which were largely located in the NSG, was prevented, both facilities were given into the hands of environmental friends in May 1990, and the Niederbarnim nature conservation station in Zepernick was established. With resolution 130 of March 14, 1990, the Frankfurt / Oder district assembly confirmed the nature conservation status of the Röntgengental excavation site. After the Barnim Nature Park was founded in 1998, the Niederbarnim nature reserve in Röntgen Valley was closed and relocated to Linum .

Flora and fauna

The NSG Ausstichgelände Röntgengental with the water areas interspersed with reed beds and willows and the adjoining alder forests, mainly north of the beech avenue, forms an ideal habitat for amphibians. Common frogs , moor frogs and common toads are particularly numerous and use the existing shallow water areas as spawning waters. You can find these and comb and smooth newt and grass snake and slow worm .

A diverse range of birds is at home in the entire nature reserve. For example, green and black woodpeckers , tawny owls , hawks , grosbeak , oriole and reed bunting can be found . Of the approximately 85 bird species that have been documented, around 50 are those that breed in the nature reserve. Bats are represented in large numbers . The northern part of the area is also becoming increasingly important for various water bird species.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Jan-Peter Fram, Jens Eggers: Lexicon of German-speaking bryologists. Volume 1, Norderstedt 2001, ISBN 3-8311-0986-9 , pp. 364-365. GoogleBooks .
2. ^ Dieter Benkert: Contributions to the knowledge of bryophilic Pezizales species. Journal of Mycology, Volume 64/2; 1998, p. 153 ff. Online as PDF , accessed January 2013.
3. ↑ Hubert Hayek: Zepernicker head. Immo Tetzlaff. In: Bucher Bote. The first local newspaper for Buch, Karow, Panketal and the surrounding area, October 2009, p. 2. ( page no longer available , search in web archives: online as PDF ), accessed January 2013. (Tetzlaff has worked as a conservationist for many years for the preservation of the NSG in Röntgengental and recorded numerous animal noises there.)
   
4. ↑ Hubert Hayek: The "shaft". About the history of the »Ausstichgelände Röntgengental« nature reserve. In: Bucher Bote. The first local newspaper for Buch, Karow, Panketal and the surrounding area, November 2009, p. 7. ( page no longer available , search in web archives: online as PDF ), accessed January 2013.

Web links

Commons : Ausstichgelände Röntgengental (nature reserve)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files