Bugulma-revitalizing heights
The bugulma-belebey upland ( Russian Бугульминско-Белебеевская возвышенность , Bugulminsko-Belebejewskaja woswyschennost ) are about 200 to 400 m high system of ridges in Russia between the middle Volga , their tributary Kama and their inflow Belaja .
Geography and geology
The Bugulma-Belebeier heights, which extend in north-south direction over about 350 kilometers and in east-west direction over about 250 kilometers, consist mainly of flat hills rising in steps. They are named after the towns of Bugulma and Belebei in their central part . The individual mountain ranges are separated from one another by relatively deeply cut river valleys and extend predominantly in a north-west-south-east direction. The main axis runs from Kamskije Polyany on the Kama in the direction of Kumertau . The highest point at 422.4 m above sea level is a good 20 kilometers east of Belebei. In the southeast the Bugulma-Belebeier heights merge into the Obschtschi Syrt ridge without any sharp demarcation .
A large number of left tributaries of the Volga, Kama and Belaya have their origin in the Bugulma-Belebeier heights (from the southwest clockwise): Big Kinel (Bolshoi Kinel, tributary of the Samara ), Sok with Kondurtscha , Big Cheremshan (Bolshoi Cheremshan), Sheshma , Ik , Sjun and Djoma .
The mountain ranges are mainly made of limestone , sandstone and claystone . The layers emerging come from the Paleogene and cover Paleozoic deposits ( Devonian to Permian ). The basement has, especially under the northern part of the Bugulma-Belebeier heights, a dome-shaped arched structure called the Tatar dome (Russian: Tatarski swod ).
In the area of the Bugulma-Belebeier heights, forest steppe and steppe landscapes predominate , most of which are used for arable farming; the higher areas are often wooded.
The heights occupy the southwest part of the Republic of Tatarstan, the west of the Republic of Bashkortostan , the northeast of the Samara Oblast and the north of the Orenburg Oblast . Other important cities in the Bugulma-Belebeier heights besides the eponymous ones are Almetjewsk and Leninogorsk in Tatarstan, Oktjabrski and Tuimasy in Bashkortostan and Buguruslan in the Orenburg Oblast.
Economy and Infrastructure
The most important economic factor is the fact that the Bugulma-Belebeier heights belong to the oil and gas production area between the Volga and Urals , which was celebrated as the “Second Baku ” when it was discovered in the late 1920s . In the area of the heights there are important deposits such as Romashkinskoye (west of Almetyevsk), Novoyelkhovskoye , Tuimasinskoje , Bawlinskoje , Shpakovskoye and Buguruslanskoje , which were discovered from the 1940s.
The Bugulma-Belebeier Heights are crossed by the Samara - Ufa - Chelyabinsk railway , part of the southern route of the Trans-Siberian Railway , and the Ulyanovsk - Chischmy line from west to east. A route branches off from the latter at Bugulma through the area in a northerly direction to Naberezhnye Chelny and further on. The central part of the heights is also crossed by the M5 trunk road , the main link between Moscow and the Urals and Siberia .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Article Bugulma-Belebeier Heights in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ Soviet General Staff Map 1: 100,000, sheet N-40-61, 1987 edition
- ↑ Geological map of the USSR 1: 2,500,000. Moscow, WSEGEI 1983
- ↑ a b Gornaja ėncyklopedija . tape 1 . Sovetskaja ėncyklopedija, Moscow 1984 ( Mining Encyclopedia , Russian).
Coordinates: 54 ° 30 ' N , 53 ° 0' E