Buková hora (Broumovská vrchovina)
| Buková hora | ||
|---|---|---|
 View from Ruprechtický Špičák over Vižňov and Lipowa to Buková hora |
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| height | 638 m nm | |
| location | Czech Republic | |
| Mountains | Broumovská vrchovina | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 37 '35 " N , 16 ° 10' 43" E | |
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| rock | Sandstone | |
The Buková hora (German beech , also Buchenberg ) is a wooded mountain in the northwest of the Broumovská vrchovina ( Braunauer Bergland ) in the Czech Republic . It is located 300 m south of the state border with Poland on the boundary between Horní Teplice (city of Teplice nad Metují ) and Vernéřovice in Okres Náchod in the Czech Republic.
geography
The Buková is part of a layer rib extending in continuation of the Broumovské Stěny ( Falk mountains ) on the ridge U Studánky ( Brau niche backrest extends) to the northwest. The continuing decline northwest of the mountain part of the ridge, the Mirošovské Stěny ( Oberwald ), forming the boundary with Poland. In the north rise the Mirošovské stěny ( Braunischgraben , 665 m nm), east the Lipowa ( Lindenberg , 513 m nm), in the southwest the Lada ( heath , 623 m nm), west the Křížový vrch ( Holsterberg , 667 m nm) and northwest of the Družstevní vrch ( Rauchersberg , 613 m nm).
The fully forested peak of Buková hora offers no view and is not accessible by hiking trails; At the northern foot of the trail (yellow marking) runs between Zdoňov and Vernéřovice with a branch to the Monument of Reconciliation over the border pass, where it meets the Polish border path (green marking) between Nowe Siodło and Łączna . North-east of the mountain in Polish territory at the edge of the forest there is a lookout point over the Steinetal , from the Monument of Reconciliation there is a view over the Mettau valley to the Adršpach-Wekelsdorf rock slab and the Křížový vrch, with a distant view of the Schneekoppe .
Surrounding villages are Golińsk ( Göhlenau ) in the north, Starostín ( Neusorge ) and Meziměstí in the east, Vernéřovice in the southeast, Nový Dvůr ( Neuhof ) and Horní Teplice ( Ober Wekelsdorf ) in the south, Bučnice ( Buchwaldsdorf ) in the southwest and Zdoňov in the northwest.
The main European watershed between the Elbe and the Oder stretches across the Buková hora . Towards the northeast and east, the mountain falls to the valley of the Stěnava / Ścinawka , to which the Vernéřovický creek, which rises at the southwestern foot of the Buková hora, also flows. To the west of the mountain is the source of Teplický potok; the stream flows into the Metuje , as does the Bučnice, which rises to the northwest .
history
A trade route used to lead over the pass north of the summit from the Mettautal near Buchwaldsdorf to Göhlenau and Friedland in Silesia ; it crossed the pass with a road between Deutsch Wernersdorf and Merkelsdorf . On the pass there was a three-man stone , which marked the border between the Bohemian dominions Adersbach and Ober Wekelsdorf and the Silesian dominion Fürstenstein .
Buková hora massacre
After the end of the Second World War , the staff captain Václav Svoboda was ordered to Teplice nad Metují with his soldiers on June 24, 1945 to ensure order and security in the area, which is largely inhabited by Sudeten Germans . Immediately after the unit's arrival, terrorist activities began against the civilian population. The owners of the villas selected as accommodation were arrested as alleged National Socialists and shot “while on the run”, and their families were driven into the interior of the country. Together with the chairman of the local national committee, Miroslav Rýdl, Svoboda organized a wild expulsion from Czechoslovakia . Above all older people, women and children were selected who were deported on June 30, 1945 for the sake of simplicity at the Buková hora across the border to Lower Silesia . There the refugees were stopped by Polish militias and sent back to Czechoslovakia . On the night of July 1, the trek, consisting of around 25 people, was sent back on the same route by order of Svoboda and Rýdl. Eleven women, six men and four children were shot dead by Czechoslovak soldiers off the border on the Buková hora. A toddler was killed with a rifle butt. The victims were then buried in three mass graves.
After just one month, Vaclav Svoboda was removed from his position due to numerous terrorist measures against the civilian population. In 1947, on the initiative of the family of a native Czech woman who was mistakenly murdered in the massacre, an investigation into the crime began. The bones of the 23 victims were exhumed and buried in the cemetery in Vysoká Srbská . After the February coup in 1948, the criminal proceedings against Svoboda, Rýdl and the like were set.
Memorial of Reconciliation
On the initiative of the mayor of Teplice Věra Vítová , the chairman of the Tuž se association, Broumovsko! Jan Piňos and the chairman of the INEX-SDA zs Petr Kulíšek, a memorial of reconciliation was created in 2002 with the support of the home district Braunau-Sudetenland eV at the foot of the Buková hora. It was created by the artist Petr Honzátko from Trutnov .
The memorial consists of a stele set up in the forest at the site of the massacre with a cross-shaped flower carved out of the stone and the bilingual inscription The Victims of Injustice ▼ , 300 m of which is a stylized Way of the Cross with 23 roughly hewn stones 0.8 m high leads west to the edge of the forest. There is a 4 m high monument made of two closely spaced sandstone blocks of unequal height ▼ ; the upper part of the gap in between was widened to the silhouette of a person squeezed into it.
The memorial was inaugurated on September 15, 2002 in the presence of the Presidents of the Senate and Parliament as well as representatives of the Sudeten German Landsmannschaft . The initiators of the monument were honored with the Franz Werfel Human Rights Prize in 2003 .
literature
- Václav Černý : Paměti [Memories], Volume 4, Toronto, 68 Publishers , here: Exodus Němců z naší vlasti , pp. 7 and 37f.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Dreiherrenstein was entered on maps until the middle of the 20th century. It is no longer recorded on modern maps.
- ^ The Ostpreußenblatt / Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung / Landsmannschaft Ostpreußen eV / August 2, 2003
- ^ Association of Expellees : Remembrance sites outside of the Federal Republic of Germany
- ↑ The jury has decided on the first award of the Franz Werfel Human Rights Prize