Haineck castle ruins
| Haineck castle ruins | ||
|---|---|---|
 Haineck Castle |
||
| Creation time : | around 1385 to 1392 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | two towers, enclosing walls | |
| Standing position : | Counts, nobles | |
| Construction: | Quarry stone masonry, scaffolding holes, corbels, coat of arms stone (replaced) | |
| Place: | Nazza | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 7 '10 " N , 10 ° 20' 33" E | |
| Height: | 375 m above sea level NN | |
|
||
The Haineck castle ruins are the ruins of a hilltop castle on a mountain spur at 375 m above sea level. NN above the community of Nazza in the Wartburg district ( Thuringia ) on the western edge of the Hainich .
history
Haineck Castle
The castle was probably built around 1392 by Landgrave Balthasar as part of the border fortification of the Landgraviate of Thuringia against attacks by the Electoral Mainz Eichsfeld and the free imperial city of Mühlhausen . Around 1400 the lords of Wangenheim were named as the castle's bailiffs. In 1416 Hans and Wetzel von Creuzburg took up this position. In the 15th century the rule was pledged several times. In 1448 it finally passed into the hands of the Counts of Henneberg . In 1452, the fortification was besieged during the Vitzthum feud because Apel von Vitzthum had briefly occupied the castle. But they could not take the bids of the cities of Erfurt, Nordhausen and Mühlhausen.
From 1503 the lordship was initially pledged and from 1513 property of the Lords of Hopffgarten . Around 1550 the castle was abandoned by its owners in favor of the Nazza Castle , which was built in the valley . It was used again during the Thirty Years' War when residents of the surrounding towns ran to safety from looting soldiers.
The Haineck Office
In the 14th century, the Werra valley north of Eisenach was drawn into the struggle for supremacy in (West) Thuringia . First, the rulership of Treffurt , whose lords had made themselves unpopular as robber barons, was occupied by the Landgraves of Thuringia and Hesse as well as the Archbishopric of Mainz and divided up as inheritance ; this happened in 1336.
As a result, it came between the Landgrave of Thuringia and the Archbishopric of Mainz to the dispute over the ganerbschaft Treffurt related Bailiwick Dorla and influence in southern Eichsfeld . Haineck Castle near Nazza was built by Landgrave Balthasar of Thuringia in 1392 , and the neighboring places under his rule: Nazza, Hallungen , Frankenroda , Ebenshausen , Lauterbach and Neukirchen - were combined to form the Haineck Castle District, which later formed the Haineck Office.
Extensive fortifications were built not far from Haineck Castle - the Nazza Landwehr , the first part of it ran from Probsteizella over the Fuchsberg to Nazza. A second part blocked access to the Lempertsbachtal east of Ebenshausen (field name Landwehr ), a third part also blocked the Hallung valley near Nazza.
After 1500 the lords of Hopffgarten received the castle and the Haineck office as a pledge and from 1513 it was transferred as a hereditary fiefdom by the sovereign, Duke Friedrich the Wise . In the following subdivisions of the Wettin areas, the Haineck office was always counted as part of the Ernestine part because of the Lords of Hopfgarten . The municipalities of the Haineck district belonging to the Hopffgarten court formed an exclave of the Gotha duchy in the Eisenach area of the Weimar dukes until 1920 . The Office of Creuzburg , which belongs to Sachsen-Eisenach , took care of civil jurisdiction, the criminal jurisdiction lay with the gentlemen von Hopffgarten , duties and taxes had to be paid to the gentlemen von Harstall in Mihla .
The Haineck office bordered the following areas:
- West: Ganerbschaft Treffurt (condominium of the Electorate of Saxony, the Landgraviate of Hesse and Kurmainz, from 1815 to the Prussian district of Mühlhausen )
- North: Eichsfeld (ore monastery Mainz, from 1815 to the Prussian district of Mühlhausen)
- Northeast: Vogtei Dorla (for the Treffurt estate; condominium of the Electorate of Saxony, the Landgraviate of Hesse and Kurmainz, from 1815 to the Prussian district of Mühlhausen)
- Southeast: Amt Langensalza (Electorate of Saxony, from 1815 to the Prussian district of Langensalza )
- South: Amt Creuzburg (Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach or Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach)
In 1816 the von Hopffgarten sold the ruins together with Nazza Castle . In 1837 the Gotha Duke acquired it from the community and gave it again to the von Hopffgarten, who remained the owner until 1945.
Description of the construction of Haineck Castle
The complex has an irregular pentagonal ground plan with an approximately ten meter high surrounding wall and two towers and is surrounded on three sides by a ditch , the fourth side drops off steeply. The eastern tower inserted in the top of the bow-shaped shield wall has been removed down to the level of the surrounding wall. Due to the larger diameter and the location could be around the original here keep acted. The preserved western tower is about 18 meters high and can be climbed as a lookout tower . He secured the gateway with a kennel and the central gate in the western wall. The location of former residential and farm buildings in the courtyard can only be determined by the corbels and window openings that can be seen in the courtyard-side walls .
From the observation tower you have a good view of the Thuringian Forest and the Werra Valley .
Haineck Castle
Haineck Castle, interior view with keep
Restored portal with coat of arms of the Lords of Hopfgarten
Courtyard view with observation tower
status
The castle is a protected architectural and ground monument . The area in question is looked after by the Haineck Castle Association, managed by the community and used for tourism.
literature
- Thomas Bienert: Medieval castles in Thuringia. 430 castles, castle ruins and fortifications. Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , p. 331f.
- Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2003, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , p. 123f.
- Rainer Lämmerhirt : 600 years of Haineck Castle. Historical overview and structural features of an almost forgotten Thuringian castle. For the anniversary in 1992. Municipal administration, Nazza 1991.
Web links
- Castles and fortifications in Hainich on Hainichwanderer.de
- Chronicle, pictures ... about Haineck on Nazza.de
Individual evidence
- ^ Haineck castle ruins on the website of the Nazza community