Carl Schroeter (botanist)

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Carl Schroeter

Carl Joseph Schroeter , also Karl Joseph Schroeter (born December 19, 1855 in Esslingen am Neckar ; † February 7, 1939 in Zurich ) was a German and Swiss botanist , university professor and pioneer of nature and landscape protection and one of the founders of geobotany . Its official botanical author's abbreviation is “ Schröt. "

Life

Schroeter, who grew up in Württemberg and attended school in Stuttgart , came to (Zurich) - Fluntern with his family at a young age . His father Moriz Julius was a professor at the Polytechnic in Zurich and died in 1867. Together with his mother and siblings, Carl Schroeter was granted Swiss citizenship in Fluntern in 1868. From 1874 Carl Schroeter studied natural sciences at the ETH Zurich , where he was a student of August Wilhelm Eichler (systematics), Carl Cramer (botany), Johann Jakob Früh (geography), Oswald Heer (paleontology) and Albert Heim (geology of the Alps) . In 1876, with a thesis on "The gymnosperms per se and with regard to their relationship to angiosperms and cryptogams", he obtained the diploma of a specialist teacher for natural sciences. After completing his habilitation in botany in 1878, he initially worked as an employee of Karl Cramer and was appointed professor of botany at ETH Zurich in 1883.

Schroeter is considered to be one of the founders of ecological geobotany . His main field of work was alpine botany, about which he wrote his main work Das Pflanzenleben der Alpen , which appeared in two editions in 1908 and 1926 and in which he mainly described site ecological and biocenological phenomena (the alpine flowers and their pollinators) . In addition, Schroeter dealt with problems in agriculture and forestry in his lectures and publications . His close scientific collaboration with Friedrich Gottlieb Stebler in the field of forage crops was important for Alpine agriculture . Schroeter took part in the first systematic scientific research on Lake Constance, to which he made two contributions to Lake Constance research . Count Eberhard von Zeppelin and the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings had initiated this company; From 1886 onwards, it was carried out by the five shore states parallel to the first exact survey of the lake.

Several of his students later became famous botanists themselves, including Heinrich Brockmann-Jerosch , Marie Brockmann-Jerosch , Albert Frey-Wyssling , Walo Koch and Eduard Rübel . Josias Braun-Blanquet , who self-taught himself into Alpine botany, had contact with Carl Schroeter at an early age, who had a strong influence on his work.

In 1902 Schroeter introduced the terms auto-ecology and synecology into science. Numerous research trips not only took him to almost all European landscapes, but also to the Canaries (1908) and to North and South Africa (1910). In the years 1888-1889 took Schroeter a research trip that him of the United States to Hawaii , the Japanese and Chinese Empire , Singapore , the Dutch East Indies and Ceylon led whose vegetation he studied in detail and reported in numerous lectures and publications on. Carl Emanuel Burckhardt studied with Schroeter, but switched to geology.

He was closely associated with nature conservation until old age and was represented on several commissions. From 1906 he was a member of the Swiss Nature Conservation Commission under Paul Sarasin and from 1919 to 1924 President of the Zurich Nature Conservation Commission. Together with Johann Coaz , he campaigned emphatically around 1906 for the establishment of the Val S-charl National Park ( Graubünden ). His book about the moors of Switzerland (together with JJ Früh) deals, among other things, with practical nature conservation in moors. As one of the first university lecturers of his time, he campaigned for the popularization of science. He played an essential role in the founding and development of the Zurich Adult Education Center and became its first president in 1920.

His daughter Anna married Ernst Howald in 1912 .

Memberships

Schroeter was a member and corresponding member of a number of scientific societies around the world.

  • Membre associe of the Soc. Royale de Botanique de Belgique
  • Honorary member of the Swiss Confederation for Nature Conservation
  • External member of Societas Scientiarum Fennica Helsingfors
  • Corresponding member of the Botanical Soc. of America
  • Corresponding member of the Nederlandsche Botanische Vereeniging
  • Member of the Royal Irish Academy
  • Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
  • Full member of Societas Scientiarium Upsaliensis
  • Utländsk Göteborgs Kungl. Vetenskaps och Vitterheds Samhälle
  • Member of Societas Linnaeana Londonensis
  • Honorary Member Botanical Soc. of Edinburgh
  • Membre associ. Soc. Botanique de Pologne
  • Honorary member Naturf. Ges. Zu Basel
  • Honorary member of the Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica
  • Honorary member of the British Ecological Soc.
  • Honorary member of the German Botanical Society
  • Member of the math-natural class of the Norske Videnskaps-Akademi in Oslo

Honors

Honorary doctorates

Dedications

The plant genus Neoschroetera Briq is named after him . from the family of the zygophyllaceae and the moss genus Schroeterella Herzog .

Gottfried Huber-Pestalozzi named the algae Actinastrum schroeteri after Schroeter.

Fonts (selection)

  • 1889 - The best forage plants . Illustrations and descriptions together with information on the culture, agricultural value, seed extraction, contamination, adulteration etc .; with Friedrich Gottlieb Stebler
  • 1894 - seed hairs of Gossypium hirsutum
  • The St. Antönierthal in the Prättigau in its economic and plant-geographical conditions. Orell Füssli , Zurich 1895 ( e-rara )
  • 1896 - The vegetation of Lake Constance (= Lake Constance Research , Section 9, Part 1); with Otto Kirchner
  • 1898 - Guide through the quayside in Zurich; with A. Usteri
  • 1902 - The vegetation of Lake Constance, containing the Characeae, mosses and vascular plants (= Lake Constance Research, Section 9, Part 2) (in which the terms autecology and synecology are coined )
  • 1904 - The swamps of Switzerland; with Johann Jakob Früh
  • 1904 - Botanical excursions in the Bedretto , Formazza and Bosco valleys
  • 1906 - Life history of flowering plants in Central Europe; with Oskar von Kirchner and Ernst Loew
  • 1908 - The plant life of the Alps - A description of the high mountain flora; 1st ed.
  • 1910 - phytogeographic nomenclature; Charles Flahault
  • 1912 - From the Mediterranean to the northern edge of the Sahara  : a botanical spring trip to Algeria; with Martin Rikli
  • 1916 - programs for geobotanical work; with Eduard Rübel and Heinrich Brockmann-Jerosch
  • 1918 - About the flora of the national park area in the Lower Engadine
  • 1923 - Plant geography excursion guide for a botanical excursion through the Swiss Alps: Zurich-Pilatus-Domleschg-Nationalpark-Bernina-Region-Poschiavo-Ticino-Valais-Bernese Oberland; with Eduard Rübel
  • 1926 - The plant life of the Alps - A description of the high mountain flora; 2nd edition with Marie and Heinrich Brockmann-Jerosch, August Günthart and Gottfried Huber-Pestalozzi
  • 1932 - A little guide through the flora of the Alps
  • 1932 - An excursion to the Chichibu Mountains of Japan (1898)
  • 1936 - flora of the south, d. H. "Insubriens", the southern Ticino and Graubünden and the area of ​​the northern Italian lakes (Langensee up to and including Lake Garda)

literature

  • Eduard Rübel : Carl Schröter 1855-1939 . Zurich 1940 = 103rd New Year's sheet for the best of the orphanage in Zurich for 1940 (with picture and list of publications).
  • Carl Schröter: Service estate: manuscripts, correspondence, biographical documents, photographs of trips and excursions. Zurich: Scientific history collections of the ETH-Bibliothek, 1994 (manuscripts and autographs of the ETH-Bibliothek; 206), doi: 10.3929 / ethz-a-000968089 .
  • Ruedi Weidmann: Documented landscape. The photo archives of Carl Schröter and the Geobotanical Institute Rübel (=  worlds of images. Photographs from the image archive of the ETH Library . Volume 7 ). Scheidegger & Spiess, Zurich 2019, ISBN 978-3-85881-637-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Harald Derschka : The association for the history of Lake Constance and its surroundings. A look back at one hundred and fifty years of club history 1868–2018. In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings , 136, 2018, pp. 1–303, here: pp. 83 f.
  2. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Schroeter, Carl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schroeter, Carl Joseph (full name); Schroeter, Karl Joseph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Swiss botanist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH December 19, 1855
PLACE OF BIRTH Esslingen am Neckar
DATE OF DEATH February 7, 1939
Place of death Zurich