Charles Andler

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Charles Philippe Théodore Andler (born March 11, 1866 in Strasbourg , † April 1, 1933 in Malesherbes , Loiret department ) was a French German studies scholar and professor at the Collège de France and the Sorbonne .

Life

Youth and Studies

Lycée Condorcet

Charles Andler was born into a rather wealthy Alsatian family: his father Philippe Andler, professor of pharmacy, founded a chemical products factory and his mother Sophie Herrenschmidt was a teacher. Until 1879 he attended the German grammar school in Strasbourg . To the great regret of his Strasbourg teachers, the father sent the talented pupil to a boarding school in Gray , Haute-Saône, for two years . Andler then moved to the Lycée Hoche in Versailles , where he made his baccalauréat ès lettres in 1882 . Until 1883 he attended first in the Lycée Hoche, then in the Lycée Condorcet in Paris the preparatory class for admission to the École normal supérieure .

Andler studied at the École normal supérieure philosophy, first with Émile Boutroux and then from 1884 to 1887 with Léon Ollé-Laprune . After he had already received his license in 1885 , he continued his studies at the Sorbonne from 1888 under the sociologist André Lichtenberger and the medievalist Albert Lange. From September to October 1888 he had a first teaching position at the Lycée in Montauban , which he had to give up quickly for health reasons. He originally aspired to a career as a philosophy professor, but finally became agrégé in German in 1889 after failing the agrégation in philosophy twice because of differences of opinion with the examiners on questions of German philosophy . From 1889, Andler stayed in Berlin for two years , where he met the Germanist and literary scholar Erich Schmidt and attended lectures by Heinrich von Treitschke . Returning to France, Andler married Elisabeth Schmidt, the daughter of an Alsatian pastor, the granddaughter of Charles Schmidt , professor of theology in Strasbourg , and the sister of the archivist Charles Schmidt . In 1897 he submitted his doctoral thesis ( thèse ) in Paris under the title Les origines du socialisme d'État en Allemagne (The origins of state socialism in Germany). On the occasion of a study visit to London , he met Friedrich Engels in the summer of 1891 and discussed the theses of his dissertation with him .

Andler also commented on the Dreyfus affair , which troubled France. On January 15, 1898, Le Temps published a petition, which Andler had also signed, calling for a revision of the misjudgment against Alfred Dreyfus . This petition was supported by Émile Zola and many well-known personalities from various fields.

University professor

From 1891 to 1893 Andler taught German at the Lycée in Nancy . From 1893 he had his first position as a university lecturer as the successor to Arthur Chuquet as head of the German department at the École normal supérieure . From 1895 to 1897 he lectured at the newly founded Collège libre des sciences sociales in Paris, from 1897 to 1901 he was Ernest Lichtenberger's deputy and lecturer at the Université de lettre in Paris.

In 1889 Andler joined the Parti ouvrier socialiste révolutionnaire (PSOR) under Jean Allemane . With his friend Lucien Herr , the librarian of the École normal supérieure, he founded the École socialiste in Paris in 1899 with the aim of conveying the theory of the socialist movement in general, and the Groupe de l'unité socialiste . Also together with Lucien Herr, he directed the Société nouvelle de librairie et d'édition , which advocated the reformist ideas of Jean Jaurès . His growing interest in socialism was expressed in 1901 in the translation of the Manifesto of the Communist Party of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels into French.

From 1901, Andler represented German at the humanities faculty (faculté des lettres) at the Sorbonne in Paris . Three years later he became director of studies for living languages ​​there. In 1904 he traveled to Weimar to meet Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche , sister of the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche , in order to receive material from her for his research on Nietzsche. In 1905 he joined the Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (SFIO), of which he was a member until 1920. In 1906 he was appointed assistant professor. In an effort to improve the French's knowledge of contemporary Germany, he published a textbook for upper school classes in 1905 under the title Modern Germany in Cultural and Historical Representations . In September 1907 he traveled to Basel to exchange ideas with the theologian Carl Albrecht Bernoulli , an expert on Nietzsche's work.

In April 1908 he traveled to Berlin with his students, where he gave two lectures, including at the Technical University of Charlottenburg . This trip led to violent political disputes in France. The Action Française opened a fierce smear campaign against Andler. Maurice Barrès insulted him as a “humanitarian anarchist” and the tabloids suspected him of withdrawing money from German secret funds. In the same year Andler was appointed professor for German language and literature at the University of Paris , where he gave lectures on the works of the German Romantics , on Goethe , Heine and Nietzsche. In 1923 he succeeded Ernest Lichtenberger. From 1910 he lectured at the École socialiste de Paris and at the École des Hautes Etudes Sociales, founded by Émile Durkheim in 1899 . Andler always remained interested in social philosophy and was instrumental in setting up a chair for sociology at the Collège de France .

During the First World War Andler took part in a research project on Pan-Germanism , also to support the efforts of the United States to enter the war on the part of the Allies . The results of his research were published in four volumes between 1914 and 1916. The Pangermanism led Andler at the time of the German opposition to the French Revolution back and he represented him in his continental European, colonial and philosophical plans and impact. Even in 1917 founded Andler the Ligue Républicaine d'Alsace-Lorraine to the reintegration of Alsace Prepare Lorraine . In 1918 he was involved with other French university professors in the reorganization of the University of Strasbourg . From December 1918 to February 1920 he was a member of the Conseil d'Alsace-Lorraine . In 1926 he received the chair for Germanic languages ​​and literatures at the Collège de France as the successor to Arthur Chuquet . He held this position until his death in 1933.

Founding father of modern French German studies

At the beginning of the 20th century, French German studies was still strongly influenced by the Franco-German conflict in the wake of the Franco-German War of 1870/71 . Andler is considered to be one of the founding fathers of modern French German studies, and his appointment as professor in 1904 marked the birth of university German studies in France. Charles Andler's numerous students included a. the renowned French German scholars Félix Bertaux , Geneviève Bianquis , Maurice Cahen , Ernest Tonnelat , Edmond Vermeil , Robert Minder and Jean Fourquet as well as the writer Jean Giraudoux and the politician Albert Thomas .

Andler's private library, together with that of his colleague Henri Lichtenberger, forms the basis for the German collection of the Bibliothèque Malesherbes .

Fonts

  • Les Origines du socialisme d'État en Allemagne (thèse de doctorat). Alcan, Paris 1897
  • Le Prince de Bismarck . Bellais, Paris 1899
  • Étude critique sur les relations d'Érasme et de Luther . Alcan, Paris 1909
  • La civilization socialiste . Rivière, Paris 1911 (new edition by Le Bord de l'eau, Lormont 2010. ISBN 235687044X )
  • The Socialisme impérialiste dans l'Allemagne contemporaine, dossier d'une polémique avec Jean Jaurès (1912–1913) . Bossard, Paris 1918
  • Le Pangermanisme, ses plans d'expansion allemande dans le monde ( Etudes et documents sur la guerre ). Paris 1915
  • Les Usages de la guerre et la doctrine de l'État-major allemand . Alcan, Paris 1915
  • La Décomposition politique du socialisme allemand, 1914–1919 . Bossard, Paris 1919 (new edition by Nouvelles Editions Latines (nel), Paris 2010, ISBN 978-2-72339-695-0 )
  • Nietzsche, sa vie et sa pensée (6 volumes). Bossard, Paris 1920–1931 (3-volume new edition by Gallimard, Paris 1979)
  • L'Humanisme travailliste. Essais de pedagogie sociale . Bibliothèque de la “Civilization française”, Paris 1927
  • Vie de Lucien Herr , 1864–1926 . Rieder, Paris 1932 (new edition by Maspéro, Paris 1977)
  • La Poésie de Heine . IAC, Lyon a. a. 1948

Translations:

  • Emmanuel Kant : Premiers principes métaphysiques de la science de la nature, traduits pour la première fois en français, et accompagnés d'une introduction sur la philosophie de la nature dans Kant (together with Édouard Chavannes). Alcan, Paris 1891
  • Karl Marx et Friedrich Engels : Le Manifeste communiste . Rieder, Paris 1901
  • Various: Le Pangermanisme continental sous Guillaume II (de 1888 à 1914) . Conard, Paris 1915

Correspondence:

  • Antoinette Blum (ed.): Correspondance entre Charles Andler et Lucien Herr: 1891–1926 . Presses de l'École normal supérieure, Paris 1992, ISBN 2-7288-0180-0

literature

  • Ernest Tonnelat: Charles Andler: sa vie et son œuvre . Les belles lettres, Paris 1937 (Publications de la Faculté des Lettres de l'Université de Strasbourg 77). ISBN 978-2868200532
  • Christophe Prochasson: Sur la réception du marxisme en France: le cas Andler (1890-1920) . In: Revue de synthèse 1 (January-March 1989), pp. 85-108.
  • Antoinette Blum: Charles Andler en 1908: Un germaniste pris entre La France et l'Allemagne . In: Revue germanique internationale 4, 1995, pp. 27–33. ISSN  1253-7837
  • Pascale Gruson: Charles Andler (1866-1933). Founder of modern French German studies . In: Gerhard Sauder (Ed.): Germanists in the East of France (Annales Universitatis Saraviensis, Vol. 19), pp. 23–40. Röhrig, St. Ingbert 2002. ISBN 3-86110-290-0 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tonnelat 1937, p. 16
  2. ↑ Tonnelat 1937, p. 35
  3. ^ Daniel Lindenberg: Un maître des études germaniques malgré lui: Charles Andler . Préfaces , 13 May-June 1989, pp. 89-92
  4. ^ Tonnelat 1937, p. 41
  5. ^ Tonnelat 1937, p. 76
  6. ^ Tonnelat 1937, p. 43
  7. ^ Tonnelat 1937, p. 77
  8. ^ Charles Andler: La vie de Lucien Herr . Maspéro, Paris 1977, p. 193
  9. ↑ Stéphane Baciocchi / Jennifer Mergy: L'évaluation en comité: textes et rapports de souscription au Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques, 1903-1917 . Berghahn Books, Oxford-New York 2003, p. 19. ISBN 978-1-57181-632-0
  10. ^ Tonnelat 1937, p. 153
  11. ^ Charles Andler: Modern Germany in cultural-historical representations. A practical reading book for secondary and high school students . Delagrave, Paris 1905.
  12. ^ Tonnelat 1937, p. 151
  13. ↑ Michel Leymarie / Jacques Prévotat: L'Action française: culture, société, politique . Presses Universitaires Septentrion, Villeneuve d'Ascq 2008, p. 210. ISBN 978-2757400432 ; Robert Minder: How do you become a literary historian and why? , in this: Why literature? . Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt / M. 1972, p. 47
  14. ↑ Andler 1915f.
  15. ↑ Gruson 2002, p. 34
  16. ^ Tonnelat 1937, p. 253
  17. ↑ Michel Espagne , Michael Werner, Contribution à l'histoire des disciplines littéraires en France et en Allemagne au XIXe siècle . Editions MSH, Charenton-le-Pont 1990, p. 354 f. ISBN 978-2-7351-0351-5
  18. ↑ Michel Espagne, Michael Werner (ed.): Les études germaniques en France (1900-1970) . Ed. du CNRS, Paris 1994. ISBN 2-271-05054-5
personal data
SURNAME Andler, Charles
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Andler, Charles Philippe Théodore (full name); Randal, Théodore (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French German studies specialist
DATE OF BIRTH March 11, 1866
PLACE OF BIRTH Strasbourg
DATE OF DEATH April 1, 1933
Place of death Malesherbes