Clan crime

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A form of organized crime in Germany is called clan crime ; Berlin , Bremen , North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony are the local focal points . Criminal clans are defined by the BKA as ethnically isolated subcultures that are usually patriarchal - hierarchical and follow their own set of values. The groups of perpetrators belong to large families and clans , most of which come from the Arab culture . The clans Abou-Chaker , Miri , Remmo , Al-Zein and others have become known.

Characteristics

The emergence of the phenomenon of clan crime goes back to the 1980s . As a result of the Lebanese civil war , stateless Arab and Palestinian families in particular emigrated to Germany. Since they were initially denied access to the labor market and their children did not have to attend school , this promoted the emergence of corresponding parallel societies and their delinquency. Parts of the extended families shifted to illegal activities to raise their standard of living. The clans are particularly active in drug trafficking , prostitution , extortion , robbery , burglaries and theft .

The Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) defines criminal clans as " ethnically isolated subcultures " that are usually patriarchal - hierarchically organized and follow their "own set of values".

Since the refugee crisis in Germany in 2015/2016 , according to a statement by Sebastian Fiedler, chairman of the Bund Deutscher Kriminalbeamter (BDK), clans have also started to recruit Syrian refugees and those from Iraq as “ants” for selling drugs to end customers. Fiedler expressed concern that criminal structures are emerging here too, which could become a problem due to the high number of recruits.

According to an analysis by the Duisburg Police Headquarters in 2015, the active members of the clans there are male, young and born between 1990 and 1998. Accordingly, they often appear in large groups to demonstrate strength - because of this phenomenon, the police also speak of a “ Street Corner Society ”. According to the Duisburg Police Headquarters, the clan members appear differently in public depending on the numerical strength of their group or the police officers deployed. The larger the group and the smaller the number of police forces, the more unadjusted the clan members acted.

According to a situation report by the North Rhine-Westphalian State Criminal Police Office on organized crime, the police are confronted with criminal, ethnically isolated groups in relation to so-called clan crime, especially in the field of drug , violent and street crime. During operations, she often encounters disrespect and a considerable potential for aggression, which can escalate into violent attacks on police officers. According to the State Criminal Police Office, districts that are considered problematic districts with high unemployment and low rents, such as Essen-Altenessen or Duisburg-Marxloh , are particularly attractive to clan members. In addition to illegal activities, the extended families would also finance themselves through legal sources such as the sale and rental of cars , key services and social benefits . Since 2018, the police have been countering the clans' "idea of ​​conquest", which is "mainly characterized by violence and border crossing", with a strategy of "1000 pinpricks". More forces would be sent during operations, and controls and raids would be carried out by hundreds . It has been observed that Kurdish-Lebanese clans are increasingly trying to infiltrate immigration offices, registration offices or job centers and to influence public administration through bribes. It is therefore called for to establish special criminal chambers with specialized judges who know the family structures of the clans and understand the complex network of people, but are also familiar with "the fact that many Kurdish-Lebanese clans have dozens of different names".

According to the police, many clan members only have a low level of education and do not have a school leaving certificate. The clan members are also characterized by a certain display behavior, which an officer of the State Criminal Police Office describes as follows: "They like to display their possessions in public: You show and are what you have." Also shisha bars , which are often used for Money laundering and the sale of untaxed tobacco would therefore play a role. The North Rhine-Westphalian Minister of the Interior, Heribert Reul , stated that “the surroundings of these bars in North Rhine-Westphalia are the ground for clan crime”. The Federal Criminal Police Office estimates the potential of the clans to be up to 200,000 family members, not all of whom are criminals.

Regional distribution

The main areas of clan crime in Germany are North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony and the city-states of Berlin ( clan crime in Berlin ) and Bremen . Most of the perpetrators belong to a clan or large family who originally came from Asia Minor and the Arab world .

In addition to the Abou-Chaker-Clan , the Miri-Clan , the Remmo-Clan and the Al-Zein large family , the families Ali-Khan, Berjaoui, Chahrour and Kaval and others are included.

Large criminal families settle mainly in metropolitan areas . Berlin is particularly affected, where the police assume there are 15 to 20 corresponding clan groups, including the well-known Abou-Chaker clan and the Rammo or Remmo (s). In the capital, at least one fifth of organized crime is attributed to clan structures. The federal states of Bremen, North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony are further focal points . In NRW, the phenomenon is particularly widespread in the Ruhr area and there in cities such as Duisburg , Essen , Dortmund and Gelsenkirchen . In Lower Saxony there are 13 known cities in which members of large families have settled. In Baden-Württemberg , Saxony , Hamburg and the Saarland , clan crime is less pronounced, and the protagonists mostly do not come from the Arab region, but from the Balkans or Eastern Europe . In contrast, no clan activities are known in Bavaria and Schleswig-Holstein or in the eastern German states of Brandenburg , Thuringia , Saxony-Anhalt and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania .

Around 100 different criminal clans had been documented in North Rhine-Westphalia by the beginning of 2019. Between 2016 and 2018, the police in North Rhine-Westphalia registered more than 14,225 criminal offenses with around 6,449 suspect clan members. Of the 6,400 suspects, 360 intensive offenders are responsible for a third of all crimes. One in five suspects was female. Of the 14,225 crimes, 26 were homicides or attempted homicides, 5600 violent crimes, 2600 cases of fraud, 2600 property crimes and 1000 drug-related crimes. Of the suspected clan members, 1,227 live in Essen, 648 in the Recklinghausen district , 570 in Gelsenkirchen, 402 in Duisburg, 399 in Dortmund and 378 in Bochum. From summer 2018 to January 2019, over 100 raids were carried out in NRW. During this time, the police searched more than 1,000 buildings. There were over 100 arrests and 60  shisha bars were closed.

In May 2019, the first nationwide picture of the clan crime situation was presented by North Rhine-Westphalia Interior Minister Herbert Reul. Of the approximately 14,000 crimes with a clan background detected between 2016 and 2018, 26 were attempted and executed homicides. Around 30 percent of the recorded crimes were assigned to ten clans. 36 percent of suspects with a clan background are German citizens, 31 percent Lebanese, 15 percent Turks and 13 percent Syrians.

High profile crimes

Spectacular criminal activities by clan members are the reason for national and international reporting. In Berlin caused a stir:

  • 2003 the shooting of the SEK official Roland Krüger by a clan member. Krüger and his team were supposed to arrest a member of the clan after a knife fight in a discotheque, but he opened fire and fatally injured Krüger.
  • 2010 robbery of a poker tournament at the Hyatt hotel.
  • In 2014 a robbery on the jewelry department of Kaufhaus des Westens .
  • In 2017 the theft of a gold coin worth around 3.75 million euros from the Bode Museum .
  • In 2018 the attack on a money transporter in Berlin-Mitte, which is associated with clan crime. The perpetrators shot a chasing patrol car with a Kalashnikov automatic rifle and forced it to break off the chase.
  • In 2019 the theft of a work of art made of gold from the primary school at Fuchsberg.

State action

The Federal Criminal Police Office has been mentioning the fight against criminal family clans in its federal situation reports since May 2019. As part of a zero tolerance strategy , minor offenses are also prosecuted, whereby more serious crimes are to be uncovered through investigative measures and searches . The proposal to take children from large criminal families and thus deprive them of their offspring was also discussed in Berlin. A state framework concept for combating criminal clan structures has been in force in Lower Saxony since March 1, 2018 . In addition, since July 1, 2017, there has been a nationwide possibility of confiscating assets from criminal offenses with the law on the reform of the criminal asset recovery . On July 20, 2018, the police in Berlin confiscated 77 properties worth 10 million euros that are attributed to the Berlin Remmo clan due to this new legal situation.

In 2019, there were a total of 382 police operations against clan crime in Berlin, and thus an average of about one operation a day. A total of almost 1,000 criminal charges and more than 5,900 reports of administrative offenses were received . More than 700 objects were checked, including around 300 cafés and bars, almost 200 hookah bars as well as betting shops, arcades, barber shops and jewelers. Almost 35,000 euros were confiscated from drug stores, around 970 sales units of narcotics , more than 30,000 untaxed cigarettes, around 550 kilos of untaxed water pipe tobacco, 104 weapons and 123 cars and 2 motorcycles.

Publication processing

Cinematically, the TNT series deals 4 blocks with the scene of clan crime. The Islamic scholar Ralph Ghadban wrote with Arab Clans: The Underestimated Danger a book about them.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ tagesschau.de: Report: On the trail of the family clans. Accessed on August 16, 2020 : "Clans of Arab origin dominate streets and, above all, the red-light district in some major German cities."
  2. ↑ a b c Clans in the streets of Berlin. In: Deutschlandfunk . September 18, 2018, accessed October 19, 2018 .
  3. ↑ a b Drugs, Prostitution, Protection Money - The World of Clans. In: Berliner Morgenpost. November 12, 2017. Retrieved October 19, 2018 .
  4. ↑ NRW conducts most of the clan proceedings. In: n-tv.de. September 24, 2019, accessed September 25, 2019 .
  5. ↑ a b New target group: The ant tactics of the clans worries investigators , WeltN24, September 12, 2019.
  6. ↑ Three family clans control Marxloh. In: Rheinische Post. September 30, 2015, accessed October 23, 2018 .
  7. ↑ State Criminal Police Office of North Rhine-Westphalia: Organized crime: Situation report NRW 2016 (PDF; 1.03 MB)
  8. ↑ a b Police observed 50 clans in NRW. In: Rheinische Post. November 15, 2018, accessed November 15, 2018 .
  9. ^ WORLD: Germany: Clans are increasingly infiltrating job centers and offices . October 8, 2019 ( welt.de [accessed October 18, 2019]).
  10. ↑ FOCUS Online: Expert in organized crime: clans and mafia infiltrate German authorities. In: focus.de. October 8, 2019, accessed October 18, 2019 .
  11. ↑ The power of the clans in NRW. In: Rheinische Post. November 15, 2018, accessed November 15, 2018 .
  12. ↑ Clans are converting shisha bars. In: Westfälische Nachrichten. November 15, 2018, accessed November 15, 2018 .
  13. ↑ Reul's declaration of war against criminal clans. In: image. January 15, 2019, accessed January 25, 2019 .
  14. ↑ Nebulous threat. In: The time. August 13, 2018, accessed January 25, 2019 .
  15. ↑ 39 Proceedings against Turkish and Arab clans in Germany. August 5, 2018, accessed January 13, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Arab and Turkish clans in big cities: "My only law are my parents". August 3, 2018, accessed January 13, 2019 .
  17. ^ Extended family R. - the Berlin blood ties. In: Der Tagesspiegel. August 15, 2018, accessed October 19, 2018 .
  18. ↑ Message: Who rules where: The most notorious clans in Germany. In: Bild.de. September 12, 2018, accessed July 28, 2020.
  19. ↑ Message: Clan is notorious in North Rhine-Westphalia - and feared in Sweden: "You are very violent". In: DerWesten.de . May 26, 2019, accessed July 28, 2020.
  20. ↑ Jan Oppel: This is how family clans invest their money in Bremen. In: Radio Bremen. August 2, 2018, accessed May 1, 2020 .
  21. ↑ a b These are the family clans that rule in Germany's cities. In: Focus. December 16, 2015, accessed October 23, 2018 .
  22. ↑ Criminal Extended Families: Where in Germany the clans have the say. In: Stern. July 11, 2019, accessed July 26, 2019 .
  23. ↑ https://www.wz.de/nrw/clan-kriminalitaet-in-nrw-mehr-als-14000-delikte-in-zwei-jahren_aid-35995895 Much more than expected: LKA observed around 100 clans in NRW WZ from January 30, 2019, accessed February 4, 2019
  24. ↑ Malte Arnsperger: Within three years: Criminal clans responsible for more than 14,000 crimes in North Rhine-Westphalia. In: Focus . January 30, 2019, accessed July 28, 2020.
  25. ↑ Clan crime in NRW: Interior Minister Reul presents a picture of the situation - this Ruhr area city is a clan stronghold derwesten.de from May 15, 2019, accessed on May 16, 2019
  26. ↑ Death of a SEK official - colleagues are still suffering. In: Berliner Morgenpost. April 20, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2018 .
  27. ↑ Policeman-murderer collects money from the state. In: image. September 20, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2018 .
  28. ^ Embarrassing police breakdown after the coin coup in the Bode Museum. In: BZ. November 14, 2017. Retrieved October 19, 2018 .
  29. ↑ Remmo-Clan responsible for money truck robbery? In: image. January 29, 2019, accessed January 29, 2019 .
  30. ↑ The suspicious activities of the Berlin clan sons. In: Der Tagesspiegel. May 17, 2019, accessed May 18, 2019 .
  31. ↑ Message: Investigations against large families: Fight against the criminal clan scene. In: tagesschau.de January 30, 2019, accessed May 25, 2020.
  32. ↑ Alexander Fröhlich: Berlin's fight against organized crime: Taking care of children from the clans. In: Der Tagesspiegel . September 17, 2018, accessed May 25, 2020.
  33. ↑ Hannes Heine: Extended family in Berlin-Neukölln: Investigators confiscate 77 properties from the Arab clan. In: Der Tagesspiegel. July 20, 2018, accessed May 25, 2020 .
  34. ^ Announcement: Annual report: Almost 400 police operations in Berlin against clan crime. In: Der Spiegel: Panorama. May 25, 2020, accessed May 25, 2020 .
  35. ↑ Ralph Ghadban : Arab Clans: The Underestimated Danger. Econ, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-430-20255-8 .