Claude Allègre

Claude Allègre, 2009.

Claude Allègre (born March 31, 1937 in Paris ) is a French politician , geochemist and geologist . From 1997 to 2000 he was French Minister for Education and Research and Technology.

Life

Claude Allègre is a childhood friend of Lionel Jospin . He studied physics (under Yves Rocard ) and geology (under Louis Barrabé and his successor Pierre Routhier ) at the Sorbonne , earned his diploma (DES) and received his doctorate in 1967. In 1970 he became a professor at the University of Paris VII , where he was head of the Faculty of Earth Sciences from 1971 to 1976. From 1976 to 1986 he was director of the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), where he had been since 1968 when his laboratory for geochemistry was integrated there. Since 1967 he has been head of the CNRS program for geo- and cosmochemistry . In 1992 he succeeded Maurice Allègre as director of the Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) in Paris. In 1993 he became a member of the Institut Universitaire de France.

He was visiting professor at Cornell University (White Professor), Crosby Professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Fairchild Professor at Caltech , visiting scholar at the United States Geological Survey and Carnegie Institution in Washington DC, and visiting scholar at Berkeley and Oxford.

He is married and has four kids.

plant

He is the founder of isotope geodynamics, in which the geochemical development of the crust and the earth's mantle is researched using various radioactive isotopes. The investigations provided evidence of an early secretion of the volatile elements (formation of the atmosphere) and a restriction of the mixture between the upper and lower mantle. He designed geochemical models for the early solar system, comet formation and the early days of the planets. He examined the development of the earth's crust in Asia (Himalaya), Africa and South America with isotopes and scaling laws (fractal structure) for various objects in the geosciences (earthquakes, geochemistry, cracks).

He was involved in NASA's Apollo program and was one of the first scientists to determine the age from studying the rocks of the moon.

In 1976 he clashed with the volcanologist Haroun Tazieff over the issue of evacuating the area around the erupted La Soufrière volcano in Guadeloupe .

He has published many books, from political subjects and popular science books to geochemistry textbooks.

politics

Politically he was active in the socialist camp. He was responsible for coordinating experts in order to make their specialist knowledge politically usable. He was an advisor to Jospins during his time as education minister and was responsible for ensuring that the wearing of the headscarf was declared permissible at French educational institutions . From 1989 to 1994 he was a Socialist MEP . In 1992 Allègre became President of the French Agency for Geological and Mining Research. His advocacy of the use of asbestos was controversial .

On June 4, 1997, Lionel Jospin, now Prime Minister, appointed his old friend to the cabinet . As Minister for National Education, Research and Technology , he presented a plan to curb violence in schools. On March 28, 2000 he resigned from office. Jack Lang became the new Minister of Education .

Position on the global warming controversy

Allègre is skeptical of the thesis that global warming is mainly caused by anthropogenic CO ₂ and published a book on this in 2010 ( L'imposture climatique ), which was sharply criticized for a number of possible errors and forgeries.

Awards

He is the recipient of the Crafoord Prize , one of the highest honors in geology (1986, together with Gerald Joseph Wasserburg ), the Wollaston Medal of the Geological Society of London and the gold medal of the Center national de la recherche scientifique , one of the highest French scientific prizes . He is a member of the French Academy of Sciences , the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1987), the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (1985) and the American Philosophical Society (1992). In 1986 he received the VM Goldschmidt Award and in 1995 the William Bowie Medal , in 1988 the Arthur L. Day Medal and he received the Arthur Holmes Medal of the European Union of Geosciences. He is in command of the Legion of Honor , Grand Officer of the Ordre national du mérite , Commander of the Brazilian Order of the Southern Cross and an honorary doctorate from the Free University of Brussels.

Fonts

Books:

with Gil Michard: Introduction à la géochimie , Paris, PUF, 1973.
- English translation: Introduction to Geochemistry , Springer 1974
L'Écume de la Terre , Paris, Fayard, 1983.
De la pierre à l'étoile , Paris, Fayard, 1985.
Les Fureurs de la Terre , Paris, Odile Jacob, 1987.
Douze clés pour la géologie (with Émile Noël) Belin 1987
The behavior of the earth: continental and seafloor mobility , Harvard University Press 1988
Economiser la planète , Paris, Fayard, 1990.
Introduction à une histoire naturelle , Paris, Fayard, 1992.
Écologie des villes, écologie des champs , Paris, Fayard, 1993.
L'Âge des savoirs , Paris, Gallimard, 1993
La Défaite de Platon , La science du XXe, Paris, Fayard, 1995.
Questions de France , Paris, Fayard, 1996.
Dieu face à la science , Paris, Fayard, 1997.
with Laurent Joffrin: Toute vérité est bonne à dire , Paris, Robert Laffont, 2000.
Vive l'École libre! , Paris, Fayard, 2000.
Les Audaces de la vérité (Conversations with Laurent Joffrin), Paris, Robert Laffont, 2001.
Histoires de Terre , Fayard, 2001.
Changer de politique, changer la politique , Éditions de l'Aube, 2002
Galilée , Paris, Plon, 2002
Un peu de science pour tout le monde , Paris, Fayard, 2003
Quand on sait tout, on ne prévoit rien , Paris, Fayard, 2004
Géologie isotopique , Paris, Éditions Belin, 2005.
- English translation: Isotope Geology , Cambridge University Press 2008
Dictionnaire amoureux de la science , Paris, Plon, 2005.
with Denis Jeambar: Le Défi du monde , Paris, Fayard, 2006.
Un peu plus de science pour tout le monde , Paris, Fayard, 2006.
Ma vérité sur la planète , Paris, Plon, 2007.
La Défaite en chantant (Conversations with Dominique de Montvalon), Paris, Plon, 2007.
La science et la vie, journal d'un anti-panurge , Paris, Fayard 2008
La Science est le défi du XXIe siècle , Paris, Plon, 2009.
L'Imposture climatique , Paris, Plon, 2010
Faut-il avoir peur du nucléaire? , Paris, Plon, 2011
Sarko ou le complexe de Zorro , Paris, Plon, 2012 (conversation with Dominique de Montvalon about Nicolas Sarkozy ).
Toujours plus de science pour tout le monde , Paris, Fayard, 2014

Some essays:

Cosmochemistry and the primitive evolution of planets, in A. Brahic: Formation of planetary systems, CNES, Paris 1982
with D. Rousseau: Growth of the continent through time studied by Nd isotope analysis of shales, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 67, 1984, pp. 19-34
with P. Staudacher, T. Sarda, M. Kurz: Constraints on the evolution of earth's mantle from rare gas systematics, Nature, Volume 303, 1983, pp. 762-766

literature

Alexander E. Gates: Earth Scientists from A to Z, Facts on File, 2003

Single receipts

^ CJ Allègre, JL Le Mouel, A. Provost: Scaling rules in rock fracture and possible implications for earthquake prediction . In: Nature . tape 297 , no. 5861 , May 1982, pp. 47-49 , doi : 10.1038 / 297047a0 .
↑ Claude J. Allègre, Eric Lewin: Scaling laws and geochemical distributions . In: Earth and Planetary Science Letters . tape 132 , no. 1 , May 1995, pp. 1-13 , doi : 10.1016 / 0012-821X (95) 00049-I .
^ Neiges du Kilimandjaro - La cause de la modification climatique reste inconnue. In: L'Express . September 21, 2006, accessed June 20, 2017 (French).
^ Renowned Scientist Defects From Belief in Global Warming - Caps Year of Vindication for Skeptics. (No longer available online.) US Senate Environmental & Public Works Committee, Oct. 17, 2006, archived from the original on April 5, 2010 ; accessed on June 20, 2017 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Stéphane Foucart: Le cent-fautes de Claude Allègre. In: Le Monde . February 27, 2010, accessed June 20, 2017 (French).
^ Georg Hoffmann: Laugh heartily with Claude Allegre; Part I. In: scienceblogs.de. February 27, 2010, accessed June 20, 2017 .
^ Georg Hoffmann: Laugh heartily with Claude Allegre; Part II - Dyslexia in climatologists' names. In: scienceblogs.de. February 28, 2010. Retrieved June 20, 2017 .
^ Georg Hoffmann: Laugh heartily with Claude Allegre; Part III - Quotes and Graphics. In: scienceblogs.de. March 3, 2010, accessed June 20, 2017 .
↑ Book of Members 1780 – present, Chapter A. (PDF; 945 kB) In: American Academy of Arts and Sciences (amacad.org). Retrieved April 8, 2018 .