Junction with continuous traffic flow

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Sketch and traffic light circuit
Continuous flow intersection in West Valley City , Utah, shows the facility and normal traffic flow at the southwest portion of the Bangerter Highway (Utah State Route 154) / West 3500 South intersection.

An intersection with a continuous flow of traffic ( English Continuous Flow intersection , CFI for short ) , also opposite / in front of-shifted left-turners ( English crossover displaced left-turn for short XDL and DLT ) is a ground-level intersection that moves vehicles turning from the conflict point of the traffic junction and thus Saving traffic light phases. Left-turners are directed to a parallel route between 80 and 150 meters before the intersection so that they can turn at the same time as the left-turners.

history

In the United States, different variants have been built in different locations since the 1950s, such as on Telegraph Road, a section of US Highway 24 in Detroit , Michigan at 42 ° 22 ′ 17 ″  N , 83 ° 16 ′ 32 "  W . At the intersection with "Plymouth Road", the two left-turns from "Telegraph Road" are connected by a stretch of road each running at 40 to 45 °. The two left turns on "Plymouth Road" are via Michigan Left .

In 1987 Francisco Mier applied for the variant with parallel lanes in Mexico , which was granted US patent 5049000 in 1991. In the USA, more than 40 road junctions were converted to this method in the 1990s. In order to obtain the rights to use the draft, the agencies had to pay the patent fees in advance. Patent protection in the United States expired in 2003 due to unpaid patent fees.

functionality

The difference to other traffic hubs is a parallel route between 80 and 150 m long. Lengths of 120 m dominate among already built transport hubs. The increase in capacity is achieved by the vehicles turning left and crossing the main direction together with the vehicles turning left. Since they are also in conflict with each other, the parallel route is required. Since the two left-turners cross the main direction together, it only has to be stopped once. There is more time for the two directions within the cycle time of the traffic light . In order to keep a green wave within the node , the travel time in the parallel route is taken into account. In practice, the left-turners who have been moved forward receive their green signal at this driving time later to switch to the parallel route. Another time window is created because vehicles passing through require less time than vehicles approaching to pass the parallel route. This means that in some cases the opposite direction of the parallel lane can be dispensed with. This can be seen on the Bangerter Highway in West Valley City, Utah at 40 ° 40 '56 "  N , 111 ° 58' 54"  W . In this case, turning right is only allowed when there is a signal, as left-turning comes into conflict at an unexpected point. If the traffic junction is designed correctly, the length of the parallel route corresponds to the route at the time of travel in the traffic light phase determined for it. This area for left turns is required twice. Once to collect on the left turn lane and once to drive through on the parallel route. The opposite pre-sorting area for right-turners has shifted this phase to red, because now the left-turners that have been moved forward turn parallel to through traffic without conflict. The through traffic is flowing again at this moment. With these right-turns, the left-turners drive onto the same lane as with a conventional junction. If the junction does not have any pedestrian crossings, the right-turners can queue themselves up on a shorter acceleration lane or, if enough lanes are available, they can be directed to them. In the case of a lane, the course of the road can make the left-turners recognizable as such at this unexpected point if the right-turners are guided over an exit wedge . You will now find more manageable traffic on this lane, into which you will turn and recognize their priority. This has been in the construction of Springboro Road Miami Township of Clermont County, Ohio, at 39 ° 35 '48 "  N , 84 ° 13' 45"  W applied. In the area of ​​the parallel routes, green waves are switched for through traffic and left-turners within the node. This way you just need to stop before the knot. The areas within the parallel routes are under traffic lights so that there are protected crossings in the event of backwater or slow vehicles . Due to the now longer green periods , integration into a green wave to other nodes is easier, and the traffic node itself has a higher capacity. In normal operation, all vehicles stop only once and do not take any detours.

In order to limit the number of traffic directions that can be switched in groups without conflict to two, so that the traffic light only has to operate in two directions, a three-armed traffic junction requires left-turners from one direction, a four-armed node needs to move all four left-turns forward. There are four-armed nodes that have only two opposite, forward-shifted left-turns and three instead of four traffic directions to be switched. Their performance is comparable to the traffic hubs that occur in Germany in part on the same plan .

With continuous flow, the left-turners are brought forward in order to take them out of the conflict; at Michigan Left and Super Street they are installed for the same reason backwards.

power

Travel on Bangerter Highway (Utah SR-154) at 4100 South.

The development department of the Federal Highway Administration determined in a CFI compared to a conventional transportation hub:

Type of traffic node conventional continuous (CFI)
Vehicles / hour 10,000 14,000
Average waiting time per vehicle 234.2 s 35.2 s
Average driving distance in backlog 181.2 m 21.7 m

Junction with parallel traffic flow (PFI)

A type of traffic node similar to the CFI is the parallel-flow intersection ( PFI ) . In contrast to the CFI, the left-turners are not brought forward, but turn parallel to the intersecting street. The difference is the position of the parallel lane. The PFI was registered in 2004 and has been patented since 2006. A PFI was built between NJ-SR-168 and US-130 in Camden (New Jersey) at Oaklyn (New Jersey) , 39 ° 54 '15 "  N , 75 ° 5' 45"  W .

CFIs at junction points

Diamond with CFI

In 2014, two existing motorway junctions in San Marcos (Texas) were converted from the TUDI with the Texas U-Turn to the CFI for USD 4.7 million , whereby the existing turning ramps were also used for left-turns. At Texas State Highway Loop 82 (Aquarena Springs Drive) only one arm was converted to the south direction of the Frontage Road of Interstate 35. ( 29 ° 53 '35 "  N , 97 ° 54' 48"  E ). A two-armed CFI was built on Texas State Highway 80 (Hopkins Street) ( 29 ° 52 ′ 58 ″  N , 97 ° 55 ′ 19 ″  E ).

Junction with bridges (DDI)

For an application similar to the CFI at motorway junctions, a continuous flow of traffic can be achieved through permanent mutual transfers of both lanes of the feeder to the other side of divided lanes at the level of the overpass. At the usual full access points with two crossings in front of and behind the motorway (Diamond Interchange), the crossings are converted so that a change of side takes place. With normal right-hand traffic after the first intersection with right-turns, a transition to left-hand traffic is made, in which the left-handers can exit without conflict before the second intersection, and the remaining traffic is returned to right-hand traffic. Existing full connection points can also be converted in this way with little effort. This type of node was first built in France in the 1970s and, from 2009, in a clearer form in Missouri, whereupon dozens of existing junctions were rebuilt in the USA, and the process was adopted by the Emirates and Denmark. In the USA, some shamrocks were converted to the DDI without any interlocking lanes.

Web links

Existing intersections of this type

Continuous flow intersection between the MD-SR-210 and MD-SR-228 in Accokeek not only has the CFI but also the advantages of the Seagull Intersection (Continuous Green T (CGT)).

United States

  1. 39 ° 53 ′ 39 ″  N , 75 ° 5 ′ 29 ″  W inHaddon TownshipandAudubon Park, New Jersey, NJ-SR-168 and Nicholson Road, is a hybrid of CFI withJughandle.
  2. 40 ° 49 ′ 35 ″  N , 72 ° 52 ′ 52 ″  W Shirley, New York, opened in 1996, in front of Dowling College.
  3. 38 ° 39 ′ 51 ″  N , 77 ° 1 ′ 1 ″  W Accokeek, Maryland, opened in 2000, at the junction of MD-SR-210 and MD-SR-228.
  4. 30 ° 23 ′ 56 ″  N , 91 ° 3 ′ 15 ″  W Baton Rouge,Louisiana, opened March 2006, at the intersection of Airline Highway and Louisiana Highway 3246 (Siegen Lane).
  5. West Valley City , Utah , opened September 2007, on Bangerter Highway (UT-SR-154) and the 5400-South (UT-SR-173) 40 ° 39 ′ 11 ″  N , 111 ° 58 ′ 53 ″  W , 4700-South 40 ° 40 ′ 3 ″  N , 111 ° 58 ′ 54 ″  W , 4100-South 40 ° 40 ′ 56 ″  N , 111 ° 58 ′ 54 ″  W, and 3500-South (UT-SR-171) 40 ° 41 ′ 48 ″  N , 111 ° 58 ′ 51 ″  W.
  6. 38 ° 30 ′ 15 ″  N , 90 ° 27 ′ 25 ″  W Fenton, Missouri, opened October 2007 at the intersection of MO-SR-30 on Summit Drive and Gravois Bluffs Boulevard.
  7. 39 ° 35 ′ 48 ″  N , 84 ° 13 ′ 45 ″  W Miami Township (Clermont County, Ohio), built in Spring 2009, at the intersection of Miamisburg-Springboro Road (OH-SR-741) and Austin Pike.
  8. 40 ° 38 ′ 19 ″  N , 111 ° 58 ′ 36 ″  W 6200 South (Bennion Boulevard) and 40 ° 37 ′ 26 ″  N , 111 ° 58 ′ 35 ″  W 7000 South -Salt Lake County, announced October 2009 by UDoT as part of plans for five additional modifications of this type on the Bangerter Highway (UT-SR-154) and the Redwood Road (UT-SR-68) inTaylor Ville 40 ° 39 '11 "  N , 111 ° 56' 20"  W . Four of them have been in operation since March 11, 2011.
  9. 31 ° 31 ′ 43 ″  N , 91 ° 23 ′ 21 ″  W Natchez, Mississippi, opened January 2010 at the intersection of US-61 and Junkin Drive, designed by ABMB Engineers and built by MDOT
  10. Located inLafayette, Louisiana,at the intersection of Johnston Street (US-167) and Camellia Boulevard, at 30 ° 11 ′ 37 ″  N , 92 ° 3 ′ 31 ″  W since January 2010with a cost estimate of $ 3.5 million.
  11. 40 ° 24 ′ 27 ″  N , 105 ° 3 ′ 32 ″  W Loveland, Colorado, construction started June 2010 at the intersection of Eisenhower Boulevard (US-34) and Madison Avenue, construction cost estimate $ 4 million
  12. 40 ° 16 ′ 30 ″  N , 111 ° 42 ′ 48 ″  W Orem,Utah, opened May 22, 2012 on I-15 CORE, the project includes the redesign of the University Parkway (UT-SR-265) and the Sandhill Road.

Mexico

United Kingdom

Germany

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ TECHBRIEF - Displaced Left-turn intersection. Federal Highway Administration, Publication No. FHWA-HRT-09-055, October 2009.
  2. ↑ Ramanujan Jagannathan, Warren Hughes, and Joe G. Bared: A New Left Turn. A Federal Highway Administration publication , July / August 2009 edition, accessed November 13, 2013.
  3. ↑ Continuous flow intersection US 5049000 A.
  4. ↑ Joseph E. Hummer, Jonathan D. Reid: Unconventional Left-Turn Alternatives for Urban and Suburban Arterials. ( Memento of the original from September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 94 kB), Transportation Research Board, accessed June 13, 2007. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.urbanstreet.info
  5. ↑ United States Patent and Trademark Office , patent # 5049000
  6. ↑ Signalized Intersections: Informational Guide , Publication FHWA-HRT-04-091, Federal Highway Administration, August 2004, p. 249 (PDF p. 267)
  7. ↑ Jonathan Reid, PE: Unconventional Arterial Intersection Design. ( Memento of the original from November 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 16.1 MB) from July 2004, pp. 49-53, accessed on February 9, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pbworld.com
  8. ^ Parallel flow vehicle turn system for traffic intersections US Pat. No. 7135989 B2
  9. ↑ Intersection Improvements to SH 80 and Loop 82 at I-35 , Texas State University , accessed December 30, 2014
  10. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gLxlXamhgY
  11. ↑ a b G. Bruce, PE and Paul W. Gruner, PE, PS: Michael Continuous flow intersections. From CENews.com, December 28, 2005, accessed June 13, 2007.
  12. ^ Lindsay Ruiz de Chavez: Louisiana Department of Transportation & Development: First 'continuous-flow' intersection in the state opens on Airline today. Dated December 3, 2006, accessed June 13, 2007.
  13. ^ Johnson Whit: Continuous Flow Intersection Opens to Rush Hour Traffic. Retrieved September 17, 2007 from KSL Newsradio.
  14. ^ Utah Department of Transportation: 3500 South & Bangerter Highway CFI (Continuous Flow Intersection). ( Memento of the original from June 18, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 13, 2007. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.udot.utah.gov
  15. ↑ Elisa Crouch: How do you get through this? (= How do you get through there?) . St. Louis Post Dispatch. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
  16. ^ Missouri Department of Transportation - St. Louis Area District: Continuous Flow Intersections . Missouri Department of Transportation - St. Louis Area District. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 13, 2007. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.modot.org
  17. ↑ Austin Pike Interchange ODOT . In: Ohio Department of Transportation-District 7 . Archived from the original on January 2, 2009. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 26, 2009. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dot.state.oh.us
  18. ↑ Jed Boal: UDOT plans Flex Lanes to ease congestion on 5400 South . KSL Newsradio. Retrieved October 13, 2009.
  19. ↑ City of Loveland: Madison Improvements at US Hwy 34 . Cit of Loveland. Archived from the original on September 12, 2010. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 12, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ci.loveland.co.us
  20. ^ University Parkway CFI . Archived from the original on October 29, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 25, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / i15core.utah.gov
  21. ↑ UtahDOT University Pkwy
  22. ↑ Google Earth aerial photos from December 31, 2002, accessed July 22, 2015