Döberitzer Heide

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Military topographic map as of 1980, e.g. Currently used by the "Red Army"

The Döberitzer Heide is an area of ​​about 5000 hectares in Brandenburg , which belongs to the south-eastern part of the Nauener Platte landscape unit . The area mainly comprises the areas of the former military training area Döberitz , as nature reserves have been designated and around 3600 hectares of one of Europe's unique wilderness major project of the Heinz-Sielmann Foundation are home. The heathland is located west of the Berlin city ​​limits and south of federal highway 5 for the most part in the Havelland district between Dallgow-Döberitz and the Seeburg district and the Elstal and Priort districts of Wustermark . A small part in the south belongs to Potsdam .

Military use

The military use of the site began in 1713 with the first military exercises under Friedrich Wilhelm I. In 1753, Friedrich II carried out a first major maneuver with around 44,000 soldiers. Officially, construction of the Döberitz military training area did not begin until 1892 under Kaiser Wilhelm II. Between 1903 and 1911, Heerstraße was built as a link between the military training area and the Berlin City Palace . In 1910 the associated Döberitz airfield was opened. In 1936, the Döberitzer Heide was used to hold military competitions during the Olympic Games .

Until 1991 the area was used intensively by the Red Army , which shaped the landscape significantly. After the withdrawal of Soviet troops took over Armed Forces in the south of the Döberitz Heath an area of about 550 ha as a training area for in Berlin and Potsdam stationed units.

Nature reserve and natural landscape

Map of the Döberitzer Heide

The Döberitzer Heide nature reserve (NSG) established in 1997 (around 3415 ha), together with the Ferbitzer Bruch NSG (around 1155 ha) established in 1996, forms large parts of the 3600 ha Sielmanns natural landscape of Döberitzer Heide . The areas of the NSG Döberitzer Heide are predominantly the higher and drier areas, while the NSG Ferbitzer Bruch includes deeper and more humid areas. The natural landscape consists of an inner wilderness core zone and an outer nature experience ring zone .

The area was used by the military for more than 95 years without interruption until 1991 and was thus largely spared cultivation. This created a valuable open landscape with heather , sandy areas and dry grassland - the habitat for many, in some cases very rare, animal and plant species. Due to the high ammunition load, the area initially remained a restricted area. The Döberitzer Heide is designated according to the European Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive .

So far, over 5000 species of plants and animals have been identified in the Döberitzer Heide, including 847 species of different ferns and flowering plants, such as the endangered species of marsh orchid , lung gentian and the leather-leaved rose . In addition, around 2000 different species of beetles and at least 236 wasp, 188 bee, 198 bird and 48 mammal species occur here. The Döberitzer Heide offers, among other things, a habitat for the rare sea ​​eagles and otters . Occurrences of the two tadpole shrimp Branchipus schaefferi and Triops cancriformis are also known.

In 2008, the construction of a nature experience camp (certified educational center) for children should begin. The construction costs should amount to around 650,000 euros. The children were to be offered various educational offers such as a “green classroom”, observations of the animals in the show enclosure and botany on site. The opening was planned for 2009. Apart from the show enclosure to the west, nothing else has yet been built, because the planning for it is still ongoing. Since 2014 there has been a Karl Adventure Village on the square .

Wilderness core zone

Electric fences of the core zone
Przewalski horses in the core zone
Przewalski horses in the core zone
Wisent in the core zone
Wisent in the core zone

The wilderness core zone has a size of 1860 ha (including the acclimatization zone) and is surrounded by a triple fence (a chain link fence and two electric fences of 1.5 m and approx. 2 m high) to protect the animals. To mark the border strip of the wilderness core zone, about 20–50 m wide aisles were cut straight through the Döberitz Heath in 2008. This construction project, with some heavy construction equipment, fell victim to, among other things, many old oaks, chains of hills and smaller biotopes, which had so far been spared from military use. This was probably due to a planning of the wilderness park "on the drawing board", which was not based on natural conditions and the existing path system of the Döberitzer Heide.

The animals released in the wilderness core zone such as red deer , bison and Przewalski's horses should live largely unaffected by humans. Through their feeding behavior, they should protect the area from overgrown and preserve the open or semi-open landscape. In January 2008 the first Przewalski horses and in March the first bison were released into the acclimatization zone.

In May 2010, eleven bison and seven Przewalski horses lived in the core wilderness zone. In mid-2015 there were around 14 horses, 58 bison and 60 red deer. You are completely on your own; u. a. they are not fed and not vaccinated.

Nature experience ring zone

Konik horses of the development association in the nature experience ring zone
Lookout tower on the Finkenberg

The wilderness core zone is surrounded by the so-called nature experience ring zone ( mink for short ): This covers an area of ​​around 1616 hectares. Here, the various areas relevant to nature conservation are cared for and maintained through the use of farm animals. These pasture projects are coordinated and supervised by local farmers and the Döberitzer Heide nature conservation association.

The nature experience ring zone is accessible through various hiking trails, which have been supplemented with rest and viewing points. Galloway and Heck cattle, various sheep and goat breeds, Sardinian donkeys and Konik horses can be observed and experienced along the paths.

chronology

year milestone
1992 Abandonment of military use and withdrawal of Russian troops.
1992 Founding of the Döberitzer Heide nature conservation association by local natural scientists and conservationists with the aim of maintaining and developing the natural potential of the areas.
April 1996 With the ordinance on the “Ferbitzer Bruch” nature reserve of April 16, 1996, the western parts of the former Döberitz military training area were declared to be around 1155 hectares of the Ferbitzer Bruch NSG.
1996 Letting of 3850 ha of the Döberitzer Heide on the part of the Brandenburgische Boden Gesellschaft to the Naturschutz-Förderverein Döberitzer Heide by means of a leasing contract.
November 1997 With the ordinance on the “Döberitzer Heide” nature reserve of November 24, 1997, around 3415 hectares were designated as NSG Döberitzer Heide.
1998 Award of the environmental prize 1998 from the state of Brandenburg to the association for the "outstanding work in biotope and species protection, in landscape maintenance, in conversion and in conflict management"
1998 In the first section, an approximately 12 km long hiking trail was opened.
2000 A second section with a 9 km long hiking trail has been released.
2001 Official opening of the nature conservation center of the association with an exhibition on nature conservation and the history of the Döberitzer Heide
July 2004 The Heinz Sielmann Foundation acquired 3,442 hectares of Döberitzer Heide for around 2.3 million euros.
May 2006 A 31-hectare exhibition enclosure was opened near Elstal.
2007 A 55 hectare acclimatization enclosure was opened for the purpose of later reintroducing the animals into the wilderness core zone of the Döberitz Heath. First, four horses and three bison were to be prepared for life in the wild, under observation, but without additional feeding.
2007 A bat night has been held in the Döberitzer Heide since September, during which water bats can be observed.
March 2008 The first bison were released into the acclimatization zone.
September 2008 An 8.2 km long section of the circular hiking trail between Elstal and Fahrland has been opened to the public.
May 2010 Since the beginning of May 2010, eleven bison and seven Przewalski horses have lived in the fully fenced wilderness core zone.
May 2011 A 15-meter-high observation tower will be opened on the Finkenberg , which was built on a former bunker.
April 2014 In addition to the show enclosure, the Karl Erlebnis-Dorf Elstal amusement park was opened.
2014 The nature conservation association sold parts of the nature conservation center to the Heinz Sielmann Foundation .
April 2016 The Heinz Sielmann Foundation's show enclosure will be closed for an indefinite period
2016 17 Konik horses from the Dutch Free Nature project of the Foundation for Restoring European Ecosystems have been placed in the care of the Döberitzer Heide nature conservation association and can now be observed in the nature adventure ring zone.

Picture gallery

Web links

Commons : Döberitzer Heide  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ NSG "Döberitzer Heide" . Website of the Naturschutz-Förderverein Döberitzer Heide, accessed on May 28, 2017.
  2. ↑ Jörg Fürstenow, Detlef Knuth: Monitoring of the occurrence of the two common branchipus schaefferi and Triops cancriformis . In: State Office for Environment, Health and Consumer Protection (Ed.): Workshop Monitoring Döberitzer Heide (= specialist articles by LUGV . Issue 123), 2011, pp. 76–78 (PDF; 4.4 MB) .
  3. ^ R. Baron, U. Schulz: On the occurrence of Triops cancriformis (BOSC, 1801) and Branchipus schaefferi (FISCHER, 1834) on the former military training area Döberitzer Heide (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) . In: Entomological News and Reports . Volume 50, 2006, pp. 167-168.
  4. ↑ Anke Fiebranz: Ökoherberge am Heiderand nature conservation This year, adventure camps for children near Elstal are to be built. (No longer available online.) Märkische Allgemeine, January 15, 2008, formerly in the original ; Retrieved January 17, 2008 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bbaktiv.de   Not accessible.
  5. ↑ http://daten2.verwaltungsportal.de/daten/seitengenerator/beg_e29a_entwurf_offenlage_111108.pdf
  6. ↑ http://www.karls.de/berlin-freizeitpark-kinder.html
  7. ↑ a b 20 million square meters for bison and wild horse. Heinz Sielmann Foundation, May 31, 2010 ( Memento from September 13, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ).
  8. ↑ In a Land Before Time. Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung from July 26, 2015, p. 66.
  9. ↑ Peter Nitschke: The large wilderness project Döberitzer Heide - open land management with Przewalski horses and bison in the Döberitzer Heide, in "open land management outside of agricultural areas" . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Bonn - Bad Godesberg 2009, p. 38 .
  10. ↑ a b Susanne Oehlschläger, Wolfgang Beier, Petra van Dorsten, Richard Harnisch, Arne Hinrichsen, Okka Tschöpe, Irene Zierke: The Döberitzer Heide nature reserve, in "Handbook of open land management using the example of former and currently in use military training areas" . Ed .: Kenneth Anders, Jadranka Mrzljak, Dieter Wallschläger, Gerhard Wiegleb. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2004, ISBN 978-3-642-18645-5 , pp. 188 .
  11. ↑ Ordinance on the “Ferbitzer Bruch” nature reserve of April 16, 1996 (GVBl.II / 96, [No. 35], p. 722). Ministry of Justice and for Europe and Consumer Protection of the State of Brandenburg, accessed on May 28, 2017.
  12. ↑ a b Environment Prize 1998 | MLUL. Retrieved March 15, 2017 .
  13. ↑ Ordinance on the “Döberitzer Heide” nature reserve of November 24, 1997 (GVBl.II / 97, [No. 35], p. 882). Ministry of Justice and for Europe and Consumer Protection of the State of Brandenburg, accessed on May 28, 2017.
  14. ^ Chronicle - Naturschutz-Förderverein “Döberitzer Heide” eV (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 16, 2017 ; accessed on March 15, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.doeberitzerheide.de
  15. ↑ Sven Rosig: Sielmann Foundation releases bison into wilderness enclosure. (No longer available online.) In: Berliner Morgenpost. March 28, 2008, formerly in the original ; Retrieved March 28, 2008 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.morgenpost.de  
  16. ↑ Steffi Pyanoe: Inge Sielmann opened a new hiking trail in Döberitzer Heide. In: Märkische Allgemeine Zeitung. September 16, 2008, archived from the original on September 30, 2008 ; Retrieved September 16, 2008 .
  17. ↑ Lookout tower for Sielmanns Döberitzer Heide in the Berliner Morgenpost from April 30, 2011, accessed on June 4, 2020
  18. ↑ Heinz Sielmann Foundation buys the Döberitzer Heide nature conservation center. Heinz Sielmann Foundation , March 14, 2017, accessed on March 15, 2017 .
  19. ↑ Show enclosure in Elstal closed from Sunday April 24th, 2016. Heinz Sielmann Foundation, March 14, 2017, accessed on March 15, 2017 .
  20. ↑ 17 koniks van Grensmaas naar Berlijn . In: ARK Natuurontwikkeling . February 3, 2016 ( ark.eu [accessed March 17, 2017]).

Coordinates: 52 ° 29 '53.7 "  N , 13 ° 2' 44.1"  E