Bäke (Telte)
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Bäke Telte |
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 Bäke and Bäkemühle in Kleinmachnow |
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| Data | ||
| location | Brandenburg , Berlin , Germany | |
| River system | Elbe | |
| Drain over | Teltow Canal → Havel → Elbe → North Sea | |
| muzzle | of the second part of the Bäke Coordinates: 52 ° 23 '43 " N , 13 ° 12' 23" E 52 ° 23 '43 " N , 13 ° 12' 23" E
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| Big cities | Berlin | |
| Medium-sized cities | Teltow | |
| Communities | Kleinmachnow | |
The Bäke (formerly: Telte ) is a formerly water-rich brook that originally flowed from today's Berlin district of Steglitz to the Griebnitzsee near Potsdam and today only exists in two small sections.
The Teltow Canal , built between 1900 and 1906, used the Bäketal formed by the river for its route , so that the brook has largely risen in the canal. The original name of the Bäke, Telte , gave the Teltow and thus the entire region in the south of Berlin and in the neighboring Brandenburg its name. Settled as early as the Paleolithic , the river valley was one of the core areas of the Mark Brandenburg, founded in 1157 . The Bäketal near Kleinmachnow , which has been designated a nature reserve since 1995, is intended to preserve wild plant communities and wild animal species as one of the last original relics of the natural area Bäkefiess .
History overview and geology
Course today
The Bäke rises on the southern slope of the Steglitzer Fichtenberg and is now underground to the west of the Steglitzer center - under the street Am Bäkequell . After about a kilometer, the river emerges on Haydnstrasse, and after another thousand meters through the Bäkepark , which is named after him, flows into the Teltow Canal opposite the port of Steglitz . South of the Teltow Canal there is a second, around three kilometer long section of the Bäke, which is cut off by the canal from its original Fichtenberg source and is now fed solely from the meadows on the Kleinmachnower Weinberg and begins on the Schwarzer Weg. This piece of bakery leads, sealed off and parallel to the Teltow Canal, through the Bäketal nature reserve - past the Bäkemühle through the former Schlosspark Kleinmachnow - and also flows into the Teltow Canal around 50 meters west of the Kleinmachnow lock .
Historical course
Before the construction of the Teltow Canal (1900–1906), the Bäke absorbed the water from the southwestern outskirts of Berlin and the neighboring Brandenburg region. The run led from Steglitzer Fichtenberg to the southeast to Birkbusch, further to the southwest to the village of Lichterfelde and past Giesensdorf , which has now risen in the Berlin district of Lichterfelde. Shortly after Giesensdorf, the Bäke reached and flowed through the Teltowsee (formerly: Stavensee ) and, a bit downstream, south of Zehlendorf, the Schönowsee. Both lakes fell victim to the construction of the canal. The creek flowed on westwards, formed the northern boundary of the village Teltow and then left in Kleinmachnow the Machnower lake , which is now happening from the Teltow Canal, located north. Between then untouched forest landscapes like Parforceheide and Forst Dreilinden , the Bäke finally reached the Griebnitzsee between Babelsberg and Zehlendorf and thus into the Glienicker Lake and ultimately into the Havel .
geology
During its course, the Bäke used and flowed through a meltwater channel created in the Ice Age , which cut through the Teltow here . Geologically, the Teltow is a flat, undulating ground moraine plateau that was formed in the most recent, the Vistula Ice Age , around 21,000 years ago. The deposits of this Ice Age are on average 15 meters thick and mostly consist of till clay and underlying meltwater sands . In the Bäketal the water currents, in cooperation with the buried dead ice blocks, formed a particularly agitated relief with small-scale chains of boulder clay and meltwater channels, which today are interspersed with ponds and ponds . From a geological point of view, this relatively loose deposit made it easier to pierce the later canal construction on the Seeberg-Weinberg ridge, but also made it more difficult to strengthen the embankments for the tracks of the towing railway and for the stabilization of the bridge foundations.
history
Settlement in the Bäketal
Paleolithic and Iron Age
Like large parts of the geologically young surface of the Margraviate of Brandenburg , the Bäketal was largely swampy, although like many river valleys it was a preferred settlement area. Archaeological finds prove a rural settlement around 2,500 years ago. In addition to bronze earrings, the researchers found clay vessels with remains of bones from an urn cemetery from this time, the Iron Age . During excavations on the clinical site of the Free University in Steglitz, which is directly adjacent to today's Bäkepark, archaeologists uncovered a village that was located on a slope above the river and swamp area and consisted of post houses with mud walls. On the source mountain of the Bäke, the Fichtenberg, 8,000 to 10,000 year old stone axes from the last Paleolithic period were found, i.e. from the time when the last Ice Age just ended in this area .
Slavs and naming
After the Suebi , the Elbe-Germanic branch of the Semnones , left their home on the Havel and Spree in the direction of Upper Rhine, Swabia , in the course of the migrations in the 4th and 5th centuries , Slavic people moved in the late 7th and 8th centuries Tribes into the presumably largely empty area. Name endings with "-ow" in names like Kleinmachn ow go back to the Slavic period. The meaning of the very likely Germanic word stem telt is unclear, with the Slavic suffix -ow Teltow then roughly meant land on the Telte . After the term Teltow became more widespread as a field name, the name Bäke gradually became established to distinguish the Teltefließ . The Middle Low German name beke = general for Bach was used several times in parts of Brandenburg for smaller watercourses, often next to the actual name (for the etymology of the name Telte, see the precise section on naming in the main article on the Teltow landscape ).
German settlement
The Slavic era came to an end with the establishment of the Mark Brandenburg by the Ascanian Albrecht den Bären in 1157 and the subsequent expansion of the German state to the east; Along with the Zauche and Havelland, parts of the Teltow belonged to the core areas of the young Mark. In the course of the skillful settlement policy of the Ascanian margraves , further parts of the Bäketal were opened up, and new villages with churches emerged in quick succession. Small Slavic settlements that did not adapt to the more modern German agricultural and economic system had little chance of survival.
Between the fertile Bäketal and the Schlachtensee , settlers who arrived in today's Zehlendorf location Düppel built a village around 1170, shortly after the founding of the Mark Brandenburg, together with local Slavs. Around 1220 the settlement consisted of 16 farms, which were stored in a horseshoe shape around a large village square, the pasture for the animals, for protection. With its mixed population, this rural village is an example of peaceful Slavic-German settlement continuity in the Bäketal. As a result of the extensive desertification process that probably went hand in hand with the introduction of the new three-field economy around 1250 , this settlement also fell into desolation. The village at the Krummes Fenn landscape protection area has been exposed, rebuilt and is now accessible as the Düppel museum village in the summer months .
Castle at the Bäkeübergang
Until 1470 there was only one passable crossing in the extensive Bäke swamp area. The Knüppeldamm was located at the medieval Kleinmachnow Castle and formed a strategically important point on the Leipzig - Saarmund - Spandau trade route . Only when the Brandenburg electors moved their residence from Spandau to Berlin in 1470, two more crossings were added: one between the former lakes, the Teltower and Schönower See , and the other just before the Bäke confluence with the Griebnitzsee near Kohlhasenbrück .
The Ascanian castle, which secured the Bäke crossing, was followed by at least one other castle that belonged to the von Hake family for centuries . Castle and palace of the regionally influential Hake knight dynasty are described below in the chapter on cultural assets in the Bäketal .
End of the bank in the Teltow Canal
The nationally interesting history in the Bäketal continues at the end of the 19th century with the construction of the Teltow Canal, when Berlin was bursting at the seams during the early days and the population quadrupled from 500,000 to two million between 1860 and 1910.
Industrialization and silting
The region, which grew rapidly after industrialization, urgently needed a coordination of the transport network, construction planning and open spaces at the beginning of the 20th century. Trade, industry and handicrafts complained about an escalating conflict of competence among the many authorities. It was only with the establishment of the Greater Berlin Association in 1911, from which Berlin emerged in its present form in 1920, with a population doubled again to four million, that the authorities managed to get their first structural problems under control. The assertiveness of the district administrator of the Teltow district, Ernst von Stubenrauch , appears all the more astonishing , on whose initiative the first groundbreaking for the canal construction took place on December 22, 1900 in Potsdam-Babelsberg.
In lengthy negotiations, Stubenrauch was able to convince the Prussian state of the importance of a canal to relieve the heavy shipping traffic in the center of Berlin and to bypass Berlin more quickly from the Potsdam Havel to the Spree via the Dahme-Wasserstraße or Dahme . The settlement of new industrial and residential areas at the gates of Berlin in the Teltow district should be promoted with the construction. Another major reason for the construction of the waterway was the regulation of rainwater runoff in the southwestern suburbs of Berlin as well as the drainage of sewage from households and commercial operations - the little Bäke was no longer able to perform these functions sufficiently. The flow speed of the stream used as a receiving water decreased significantly and it became very muddy. The consequence was regular flooding after heavy rainfall with subsequent mosquito plagues, which made new settlements difficult in the unhealthy region. In addition, the eastern villages of Britz , Mariendorf and Lankwitz had no natural drainage at all - this problem was also solved by the canal construction.
Imperial inauguration
The almost 38 kilometers long and around 48 million marks (purchasing power adjusted in today's currency: around 295.8 million euros) expensive waterway was inaugurated after seven years of construction on June 2, 1906 by Kaiser Wilhelm II on the royal yacht Alexandria .
Before that, around 10,000 workers were involved in the construction and had moved a total of 12.6 million m³ of earth. In the southwestern part, the canal largely followed the Bäkelauf. Only at Kleinmachnow did the separation of the Seeberg-Weinberg ridge and the possible line through the Machnower See, which had not previously been touched by the Bäke, lead to significant deviations from the course of the river with the aim of straightening the lines. The Teltowsee and the Schönowsee disappeared due to drainage. After its completion, the new watercourse came to an average water depth of around 2½ meters and a water level width of at least 37 meters. To overcome the difference in level between the Havel and Spree by around three meters, the builders built the Kleinmachnow lock, which is now a listed building .
For the 100th anniversary of the canal construction, a festival week was held in 2006 at the lock and at other locations along the waterway.
Swiss houses on the Bäke Canal in Klein Glienicke
Between the Griebnitzsee and the Glienicker Laake there is an approximately 500 meter long connecting canal, which is part of the Teltow Canal. A trickle runs parallel to this last western section of the Teltow Canal around 50 meters north, which also comes from the Griebnitzsee, bears the name Bäke Canal and flows into the Teltow Canal immediately in front of the Glienicke hunting lodge .
This Bäkekanal, who at the foot of counting already in Berlin coopers hill by the Potsdam district Kleinglienicke runs, is located in the rear area, however, is usually dry, so that hardly any water flows. Before the construction of the Teltow Canal, it carried a considerably larger amount of water, as can be seen from the descriptions of the historic Swiss houses on its banks (from architecture and beauty ):
“The houses Louis-Nathan-Strasse 5 and 6, on the other hand, are located in the valley directly on the Bäke Canal, of which only modest remains exist today, however. Von Arnim cleverly incorporated the canal, which had a much higher water level before the construction of the Teltow Canal, into the architecture. So it originally flowed through the arched opening in the base of house number 5. "
These Swiss houses were built between 1863 and 1867 by the court builder and Schinkel student Ferdinand von Arnim to match the artificial rocks on the Böttcherberg at the request of Carl von Prussia , who has owned the Glienicke hunting lodge since 1859. Embedded in the park and palace landscape of Babelsberg and Klein Glienicke , the Swiss style corresponded to the prince's enthusiasm for alpine mountain houses and the spirit of the times. The Switzerland , with which the entire alpine space was meant in the 18th century, stood as a synonym for a worth emulating natural and social life. This way of thinking was promoted not least by Albrecht von Haller's poem Die Alpen , Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Julie or Die neue Heloise or Friedrich Schiller's Wilhelm Tell . In glorification of the supposedly happy country life, wooden houses in alpine style were created as idyllic architectural decoration. At the beginning of the 19th century, Karl Friedrich Schinkel also recognized the quality of the Schweizerhaus architecture in the simple proportions and design. Around Berlin and Potsdam, for example, the Schweizerhaus on the Pfaueninsel (1830), the Bavarian House in the Potsdam Wildlife Park (1847), the Prinzliche Unterförsterei Moorlake and other small-scale architecture were built before the houses on the Bäke were built.
Bäkepark in Berlin-Steglitz
The source mountain of the Bäke, the Fichtenberg , is in the immediate vicinity of today's metropolitan center of Steglitz with the Schloßstraße and the Steglitzer roundabout . The buildings left no room for the stream, so that today it is led underground to Haydnstrasse via a system of canals around a thousand meters long. The Birkbuschstrasse runs parallel, which got its name from the former "Birkbusch", a particularly swampy area at the confluence of the former Lanke (eponymous for the district Lankwitz ) with the Bäke; Birkbusch and Lanke are buried today and also almost completely built over. The Lanke bed was also partly used for the canal management.
Exit of the Bäke on Haydnstrasse, Steglitz
Bakery pond in Steglitz
Amount of water at the bakery pond after heavy rain
After the Bäke has emerged on Haydnstrasse, it runs canalised for another kilometer through the Bäkepark green corridor and immediately in front of the Teltow Canal - separated only by the promenade - the Bäke pond , which is connected to the canal via a pipe system. The inner-city green area Bäkepark has old trees, lawns and an extensive adventure playground. The parking area continues in the green corridor on the Teltow Canal.
On dry summer days, the Bäke on Haydnstrasse only emerges as a trickle, which hardly suggests that this stream was once able to drive several mills . However, in periods of rain you get an idea of the amount of water that the river once transported in its upper reaches of the Steglitzer. With heavy rainfall, the volume of the Bäke swells many times over in a very short time - the picture above shows the comparatively high amount of water that flows into the Bäke pond after a heavy rain in December 2004. Obviously, the pond is still used to hold uncleaned road sewage. The pond then suddenly rises by 1–2 meters, the dirty water settles and slowly runs into the Teltow Canal. This means that it has to be desludged regularly.
Beyond the park and pond, two Bäkestrasse in Berlin and the Bäkebrücke in the south, which leads over the Teltow Canal, remind of the former great importance of the southwestern Berlin watercourse.
Bäketal Kleinmachnow
About eight kilometers southwest of the Steglitz Bäke estuary, beyond the Teltow Canal, the Kleinmachnower meadows below the vineyard form another source area of the Bäke. On its course of around three kilometers through the Bäketal Kleinmachnow , this section of the river gains a considerable volume of water compared to its Berlin sister, which allows it to form a flowing stream even in drier times. Since the course of the Teltow Canal has been straightened through the Machnower See , this part of the Bäketal has been preserved almost in its original location and, with parts of its original vegetation such as swampy wet meadows and alluvial forests, has been designated as a Bäketal nature reserve.
After its run through the floodplain forest to the spring meadows, the Bäke flows into the former Schlosspark Kleinmachnow with Medusentor and village church, past the historic Bäkemühle, approaches Lake Machnower and flows on its last stretch parallel to the lake and canal through a boggy depression. This section of the bakery also flows into the canal around 50 meters behind the Kleinmachnow lock. Since the distance to the former mouth of the Bäke in the Griebnitzsee is a further seven kilometers, the total length of the former Bäke should have been around 20 kilometers if all the former and still existing sections are offset (Teltow Canal total 38 kilometers, but including the Griebnitzsee, as the kilometers are in Klein Glienicke begins).
Cultural assets in the Bäketal
Kleinmachnow village church from 1597
Castle park, Bäkemühle, village church, Medusentor, Hakeburg - all of these older cultural assets along the Bäke are closely linked to the von Hake family, who owned the village of Kleinmachnow for centuries. On the north side of the late Gothic , massive Kleinmachnow village church from 1597 are the crypt chapel from 1703 and several memorial stones for von Hakes, for whom the church, which was restored from 1956, served as the first patronage church and grave.
Potsdamer Maurermeister Casparus Jake (also known as Gaspar jacket called) built the loud Theodor Fontane "almost finely stylized" brick of fired bricks for the building owner and the first Patronatin Margarete von Hake. A nave with five vaulted zones made of caps and cross ribs leans against the huge broad tower resting on a field stone foundation . The ornate winged altar was carved by Hans Zinckeisen from Berlin in 1599, and Ernst Doerk restored the work between 1953 and 1959 , which depicts , among other things, the Last Supper and the von Hake family's coat of arms. The richly decorated baptismal font from 1597, the carved lid of which crowns a figure, was made by Nickel Zinckeisen from the same zinc iron workshop in Berlin .
Hake'scher estate with castle and palace
The writer Theodor Fontane got to know the Bäketal before the canal was built and gives his impressions in 1882 in his hikes through the Mark Brandenburg :
“Klein-Machnow is a charmingly situated village that stretches along a lake formed by the Telte river. The houses are poor, but beautiful chestnut avenues [...] give the whole thing a very picturesque appearance. The village is an old possession of the v. Hakes. This family, which has three gemshorns (hooks) in the coat of arms, used to be wealthy in the 'Teltow' as well as in the Havellande […]. We find the manor house, the old castle, the water mill and the church as remarkable. "
View through the Medusa portal to the manor with the old castle around 1900
Listed Medusa portal, 2005; View from the former estate
Site plan of the Kleinmachnow estate
In the former manor district of von Hakes , only the Medusa gate in front of the old village church with a Medusa head and a Minerva on top remained. Fontane scoffed at the village population: “Nothing seems to make the people so creative in their poetic affection than the sight of works of art that they do not understand.” The villagers would have “considered the Medusa head as the portrait of a hard-hearted previous owner who finally was consumed by the snakes. ”As the historical photo shows, the old farm wing was to the northeast behind the sandstone portal and directly behind it was the tower of the“ old ”Hakeburg. On the right of the picture followed the castle, to which a wide avenue led from the Medusa portal. On the left in front of the castle there was also an ornate pigeon tower that towered over the service wing. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Hakes manor district consisted of four defining elements:
- Old Hakeburg . The term " castle " does not apply to the small building. Rather, it was a typical Brandenburg fixed house without castle walls and on one level. Fontane describes the house ("the old castle"), the building history of which is unclear, as a "unadorned [s] square, on the north side of which a hexagonal stair tower leans." The Hakes have resided in the house since the beginning of the 15th century existed and which they had bought from the Quast brothers. As early as the 12th century, the older Ascanian castle already mentioned in the history section secured the Bäke crossing and the old trade route from Leipzig to Spandau .
- Old farm tract or Wirtschaftstrakt front of the castle just to the left behind the Medusenportal.
- Pigeon tower (also: pigeon house ) with two probably octagonal levels - in the lower level with round arches, in the upper level, which contained the dovecotes , with half-timbered ornaments (description based on a historical photo, see literature list ).
- Castle in Classicist Baroque style from 1803, the work of architect and co-founder of the Berlin Academy of Architecture , David Gilly . As is often the case in Brandenburg, this exaggeratedly referred to as a castle was more of a mansion . According to Fontane , the building on the garden side had "a semicircular porch supported by high Ionic columns [...]". The mansion with its simple, elegant facade contained u. a. two halls and two cabinets with paper wallpapers by artists of the French colony in the Paretz style as well as a room by Gilly with Ionic pilasters and ruined landscapes and silver-tinted friezes .
There was also a barn on the west side of the Medusa portal and a coach house to the south . The still existing Bäkemühle follows immediately south of the place where the old castle stood. Parts of the ensemble fell into disrepair in the first half of the 20th century, which was finally demolished in the 1950s after its final destruction by an Allied air raid in 1943.
Far away from the former estate, Dietloff von Hake had the so-called Neue Hakeburg built high on the Seeberg on the north bank of Lake Machnower in 1908 , after his cousin inherited the western property and he inherited the eastern part. The commissioned castle expert and royal court architect Bodo Ebhardt designed a neo-Romanesque building in the contemporary eclectic style , which "has something of that Wilhelmine protozoanism [clinging] to it, which in this Arcadian landscape ensemble with the Teltow Canal and Machnower See seems very out of place" (Bernhard Thieme). Today the building houses the castle restaurant, the terrace of which offers a panoramic view of the lake and the Bäketal.
Old Hakeburg, built around 1600, destroyed in 1943
Kleinmachnow mansion (by David Gilly , 1803)
New Hakeburg in Kleinmachnow, built in 1908
Bäkemühle, Forsthaus and Feuerzangenbowle
The 17th century watermill also dates from the von Hake family and was part of their manor. The preserved inscription of the building from 1695 reads:
"In 1695, Mr. Ernst Ludwig von Hake, his high-ranking Elector of Brandenburg, 'Friderici III', Supreme Leader in the Guard on foot, built this noble Freymühle completely new because the old one was falling apart."
The current mill building dates from 1862, after the mill had previously burned down several times and then rebuilt. Although the romantic waterwheel on the outside could still be turned by the bakery flow today, the amount of water in the small bakery section would no longer be sufficient for milling. After the construction of the Teltow Canal, the mill operation finally ended after steam or electric drives had already replaced water power. In the 1970s the building was abandoned and fell into disrepair. A demolition planned for 1979 was fortunately prevented by committed citizens. Between 1987 and 1989 the Bäkemühle was converted into a hotel with a restaurant. Today it is a specialist practice.
In addition to the Bäkemühle, the forester's house on the northern edge of the manor park facing Machnower See has been preserved from the old Hakeschen possessions. The Grunewald and the Potsdam electoral hunting grounds bordered the Hake forests, so that the Hohenzollern people wanted to lease the Machnower forests. Among other things, this fact prompted the Hakes to pay special attention to forestry by appointing a forester who was employed for life . In the mid-19th century, Hake's forest holdings were 753 hectares with a total estate of 1055 hectares. The once neat house is currently a little "getting old".
Architecturally noteworthy in the Bäketal is also the house at Am Weinberg 5, which was built in the 1930s by the architect Egon Eiermann , who only became really known after the end of the Second World War with works such as the Berlin Memorial Church. Eiermann built the listed house for the no less famous author of the legendary sentence from the film Die Feuerzangenbowle “What is a steam machine? I'll be stupid, ”the actor Paul Henckels .
Bäketal nature reserve
The old castle park bordering the former Bäkemühle and the Medusa portal today offers the Bäketal nature trail on an extensive network of paths , which opened in summer 2004 through an initiative of the local Agenda Kleinmachnow . Smaller puddles in the park are a reminder of the once inhospitable Bäkeniederung, which can only be passed through the ancient castle. The place name Kleinmachnow already expresses the character of the landscape, because the Slavic word machnov denotes, according to the analysis of the name researcher for the Teltow, Gerhard Schlimpert, "a place that was laid out in a moss-rich (damp) area." The section of the bakery preserved after the canal was built The state of Brandenburg placed the original flora and fauna between the vineyard and the mouth of the Bäke at the sluice under special protection with the ordinance on the “Bäketal” nature reserve on June 30, 1995.
Ordinance, Section 3 Protection Purpose
Section 3 of the ordinance on the 13.5 hectare area reads literally under the title Protection purpose :
“The protection purpose is the preservation and development of the area
- as a location of rare wild growing plant communities that are threatened in their existence, in particular of alder break communities, large sedge meadows, wet and smooth oat meadows, heather carnation fescue fescue meadows and silver grass meadows;
- as a habitat for endangered animal species, in particular as a breeding and feeding area for numerous bird species as well as a habitat for endangered reptiles and as spawning grounds for amphibians;
- for ecological and scientific reasons. "
flora
The soaked earth in large areas of the Bäkeniederung forms the ideal soil for the valuable swamp forests listed in the regulation . A floodplain forest landscape with black alder begins right at the new Bäke spring on the Schwarzen Weg and extends down to the vineyard slope (also known as the Bäkehang). Further up on the slope of the almost 50 meter high vineyard, a medieval Hudewald (Hütewald) with oaks up to 400 years old has been preserved. In addition, various types of willow and occasional sycamore and mountain ash shape the landscape on the upper reaches of the Bäke .
The shrub layer is supplemented by black elder , hawthorn and ivy , while the poorly developed herb layer is mainly formed by sedges . The straightened lower course leads the Bäke through an extensive wetland area, in which the lush swaths of water completely fill the brook with dense stands in some places. Sedges such as swamp sedge and panicle sedge are also dominant in this area .
Pastures as well as wet and dry meadows , some of which merge into flower meadows , form another defining element of the nature reserve. Noteworthy on these areas, which are supplemented by a smooth oat meadow, are above all the golden buttercup , the marsh marigold and the cuckoo flower . A small biotope on the edge of the meadow, which is protected from large sedge reeds , provides a habitat for plants such as the rare fever clover with its creeping rhizome, the swamp goose thistle and the common buttercup . At ponds like the Grotepfuhl , the splaying water cockfoot predominates in summer .
Riparian forest with black alder
(Alnus glutinosa)
Marigold flower head
fauna
Amphibians, reptiles, snakes
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Not only for the fauna of the Grote Pfuhl is an important habitat, but as one of the most important spawning grounds in the nature reserve Bäketal especially for amphibians such as Common toad , common frog , pond frog , marsh frog and Pool Frog . Rare find on the amphibian fence the spadefoot , the Northern comb and smooth newt . Among the reptiles are snakes by a relatively high spread of grass snake represented, while in the Habitats Directive strictly protected sand lizard in the warm vineyard habitat, the family of Real lizards represents.
Birds
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Almost 70 species observed so far allow the strained Vogelparadies label to be used for the Bäketal. Of the around 50 species that breed here, the Red List of Threatened Species of the State of Brandenburg in 1997 listed just under a dozen as particularly worthy of protection. The particularly sensitive kingfisher , the bag tit with its fluffy spherical nests and various reed warblers such as reed and pond warbler breed in the Bäketal. From April to September, warblers also prefer the wetlands of the river before they embark on the amazing long-haul flight to their winter quarters south of the Sahara in Africa . The complex chants of the nightingale compensate the visitor for the monotonous hammering of the small , medium and black woodpecker . The birds of prey hunt mainly as foraging in the nature reserve, only the tawny owl and long-eared owl are native as breeding birds .
Insects and spiders
The canal floodplain has a high diversity of insects and spiders . The endangered large oak buck deserves a special mention. The longhorn beetle , also known as the giant billy beetle, finds an ideal environment with loose bark and old feeding tunnels in the older oak stocks near the Teltow Canal. The imposing beetle, whose antennae curved backwards in males can reach a length of ten centimeters and which forestry had long classified as a pest , is now strictly protected under the EU's Habitats Directive .
Mammals
Small and large mammals are represented by wild boar , roe deer , fox , marten , squirrels , rabbits and hares . The most common native mammal, the field mouse , can dig its tunnels undisturbed by noctule bat , water bat and pipistrelle , as these European bats, unlike their relatives overseas, feed almost exclusively on insects. The good swimmers and divers vole come moist habitats and the mud-holes at the Bäke handy. In contrast to the strict loner wood shrew, the fire mouse is particularly sociable and also in the Bäketal the cubs of the harvest mouse are under high pressure to learn quickly because they have to leave their nests after only 18 days and are on their own.
Outlook - protection of the entire canal floodplain
In the meantime, the community of Kleinmachnow and the neighboring community of Stahnsdorf are striving for a comprehensive nature reserve for the entire canal floodplain. At the confluence of the Teltow Canal in the Griebnitzsee near Kohlhasenbrück , the State of Berlin has already protected a small biotope of this canal floodplain with the NSG Bäkewiese , in which, among other things, a huge and impressive cormorant colony has developed. The roughly 200 posts on the NSG to protect the reed belt of the Griebnitzsee are to a large extent occupied by the large, heavily built birds, which - lined up like a string of pearls - offer an edifying picture:
literature
- Sabine Bohle-Heintzenberg: Architecture and Beauty. The Schinkel School in Berlin and Brandenburg. Transit Buchverlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-88747-121-0 (quote on Schweizerhäusern / Bäkekanal p. 144).
- Nicola Bröcker, Celina Kress: Settle southwest. Kleinmachnow near Berlin - from a villa colony to a town house settlement . Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2004 (2nd edition 2006), ISBN 3-936872-30-9 .
- Gerhard Casperson: Bäketal Kleinmachnow . Ed. Green League, Friends of the Landscape Protection Area Buschgraben / Bäketal e. V., Berlin 1992 (brochure, source of the two maps).
- Theodor Fontane : Walks through the Mark Brandenburg . Volume 4 ( Spreeland ). “Klein -machenow ormachenow on the sand” (quotations from the Ullstein edition, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-548-24381-9 , p. 308 ff: almost finely stylized p. 313, quotation “Hake” composed of passages from pages 308 and 311; quotations “Medusenkopf” and “Schloss” p. 311, old “Hakeburg” p. 314).
- Andreas Grothusen: The ones up there. People and houses of the Steglitz Fichtenberg . Accurat, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-926578-39-4 .
- Peter Hahn, Jürgen Stich (Ed.): Teltow Canal: Stations - Paths - Stories . Oase, Badenweiler 2006, ISBN 3-88922-059-2 .
- Horst Köhler: The Teltow Canal. A lifeline in the south of Berlin . Stapp, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-87776-036-8 .
- Horst Köhler: The Teltow Canal. From wish to idea . In: Berlin monthly magazine ( Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ) . Issue 5, 2000, ISSN 0944-5560 , p. 24–31 ( luise-berlin.de ).
- Herbert Lehmann: The Bäketal in prehistoric times . Administrative district Berlin-Steglitz (publisher), Berlin 1953 (brochure)
- Max Philipp: Steglitz in the past and present. Culture book, Berlin 1968.
- Carsten Rasmus, Bettina Rasmus: Berliner Umland Süd. KlaRas-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-933135-10-9 .
- Gerhard Schlimpert : Brandenburg name book. Part 3. The place names of the Teltow. Hermann Böhlaus Nachf., Weimar 1972 (on the desertification processes in the Teltow p. 19 ff; etymology of the name Telte p. 180–187; Teltower See - formerly Stavensee p. 168; quotation from machnov p. 131).
- Bernhard Thieme: Kleinmachnow. Märkische Landscapes. be.bra, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-930863-55-3 (The book contains, as a rarity on page 4, the first publication of a historical recording from 1906, which shows the entire ensemble of the Hake'schen Gutshof in Kleinmachnow with the service wing, "old" Burg , Castle and Taubenturm shows. Quote on the "new" Hakeburg, p. 15)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kleinmachnow village church
- ↑ Project: Bäketal nature trail. Local Agenda 21 Kleinmachnow website, accessed on September 2, 2012.
- ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Red List of Breeding Birds of the State of Brandenburg 1997 ) (PDF; 176 kB)
- ^ Municipality of Kleinmachnow: Model of the Local Agenda 21 for Kleinmachnow for the sustainable development of the municipality. 1. Amendment of the guiding principle Local Agenda 21 from November 2000 . Kleinmachnow, January 2010. (PDF; 60 kB)
- ↑ Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment: NSG Bäkewiese
Bagower Bruch | Baeketal | Belziger landscape meadows | Bullenberger Bach / Klein Briesener Bach | Döberitzer Heide | Flaming beech | Forst Zinna Jüterbog-Keilberg | Glindower Alps | Havelländisches Luch | Ketziner Havel Islands | Little Plessower See | Klein Marzehns | Krahner Busch | Krielower See | Lehniner Mittelheide and headwaters of the Emster | Lienewitz-Caputher lake and wetland chain | Marzahner Fenn and Dünenheide | Moss fen | Nuthe-Nieplitz lowland | Planetal | Pritzerber Laake | Rabenstein | Rietzer See | Spring | Lower Havel South | Verlorenwasserbach upper course | Advertising heather | Wolfbreak | Zarth