Västerås Cathedral
The Västerås Cathedral is the cathedral Västerås ' in Sweden .
The cathedral church was consecrated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and John the Baptist in the Middle Ages . It is also known as Domkyrkan Vårfru and Sankta Maria och Sankt Johannes domkyrka .
history
The oldest church on this site was built in the middle of the 12th century or a little earlier. It was a small stone church. In the 13th century people also learned to build with brick . A large new church was built on the site of the previous building. This was consecrated on August 16, 1271 to the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist. The west gable of the tower was provided with round arch friezes. On the pillars of the aisles you can see that the vaults were lower. During the following century, the church received a choir and a three-aisled closure.
In the 14th and 15th centuries, the old church became a chapel. This was later integrated into the church and is now the outer nave of the five-aisled church. The church building was extended to the east in the 15th century. In the west it received a mighty tower and in the north and south two smaller chapels. When a chapel was added in the southwest corner in 1517, the church received its current size.
The tower had a medieval spire and a Renaissance dome that was destroyed by fire. The current baroque tower from 1693 was designed by Nicodemus Tessin the Younger . The tower measures 102.5 m with the cock.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, many furnishings were added such as the pulpit , tombs, coats of arms and more.
In the mid-1850s, the cathedral was restored in neo-Gothic style, with numerous items from the Renaissance and Baroque periods removed. The whole church was decorated with neo-Gothic paintings from 1896 to 1898; today these only exist above the large organ gallery. During the last restoration from 1958 to 1961, efforts were made to observe the various eras of the 700-year architectural history of the church.
In the church was Gustav Vasa's oldest son Erik XIV. Buried. In 1623, Bishop Johannes Rudbeckius founded Sweden's first grammar school in a building just a few hundred meters from the cathedral.
Furnishing
The original baptismal font from bronze was in 1391 Lübeck cast and donated by Bishop Bene Korp, it is inexplicably but has always been in the Church of St. Nicholas of Burg on Fehmarn . A copy (cast) has been in use in Västerås since 1955. The baptistery in the Nordic Renaissance style with a three meter high baptismal font, wrapped by a swamp tendril, is a Lübeck work from 1622. It is one of the most remarkable Renaissance works of art in Sweden. It was donated to the church by Simon Depken's widow.
Two winged altars , also from Lübeck, date from the 15th century. The altar in the sacristy shows two biblical images, the rest are images of saints. The winged altar in the chapel of the Apostles in the north aisle was made in the workshop of Jan Bormann ( Brussels ) in the early 15th century . The altar of Mary in the baptistery or Marienkapelle in the south aisle is a work from Antwerp from 1510; the paintings are comparable to those of Dierick Bouts in Leuven . The high altar is from 1516 and was donated by Sten Sture the Younger and his wife Kristina Nilsdotter Gyllenstierna. The Antwerp altarpiece is attributed to Jan Gillisz Wrage and Jan Genoots, the paintings to Jan van Dornicke.
The veronicatavlan made of sandstone , donated by Bishop Otto Svinhufvud, were made in Västerås in 1514 and then painted and gilded. The silver altar crucifix dates from the early 14th century and was made in Paris . The pulpit from 1961 was made of ceramic by Per-Erik Willo.
A reliquary made of rock crystal and gilded bronze dates from the 14th century. A silk miter with embroidery in red and blue from the Vadstena monastery was made for Bishop Achatius Johannes in the 15th century. The crosier from 1585 was used for the marriage of King John III in the cathedral . made with Gunilla Bielke .
Bishop Johannes Brodinus donated a chandelier in 1681. Reichsdrost Magnus Brahe's tomb in black and white marble with pictures made of alabaster dates from the beginning of the 17th century. A Renaissance-style epitaph from 1625 is reminiscent of Simon Depken the Elder from Västerås, another epitaph from the early Baroque (1676) of George Hoffman. Further epitaphs are reminiscent of Lars Pedersson and Nicolaus Dwan (1709, baroque). A painting from 1692 commemorates General Count Pontus Fredric De la Gardies.
A triumphal cross hangs over the rood screen .
King Erik XIV., Who in 1577 by his brother King John III. was poisoned, is buried under the ambulatory. The bones were transferred to a sarcophagus made of Carrara marble in 1797 , since King Gustav III. wanted a worthy tombstone.
organ
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The large organ was built in 1898 by the organ builder Åkerman & Lund (Stockholm) and was last extensively restored in 2008. The instrument has 65 stops on four manual works and pedal work . It also has a bomb bard that can be linked to the main work and the positive. The playing and stop actions are electro-pneumatic.
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- Coupling : II / I, III / I, IV / I, III / II, IV / II, IV / III, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P, various octave coupling.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ny svensk vapenbok , de Clara Neveu (text) and Bror Jacques Wärn (Illustrator), Streiffert & Co Bokförlag HB i samarbete med Riksarkivet , Stockholm 1992, p 178th
- ↑ z. B. in Lilla Uppslagsboken. Förlagshuset Norden AB, Malmö 1974, volume 10, column 789 (on the map of Västerås).
- ↑ More information about the organ (Swedish)
Web links
Coordinates: 59 ° 36 ′ 45.1 ″ N , 16 ° 32 ′ 28.5 ″ E