Dornier Do D
| Dornier Do D | |
|---|---|
 Dornier Do D Bis |
|
| Type: | Reconnaissance and torpedo aircraft |
| Design country: | |
| Manufacturer: | |
| First flight: |
October 1924 |
| Commissioning: |
1927 |
| Production time: |
1924-1929 |
| Number of pieces: |
29 |
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The Dornier Do D is an all - metal aircraft designed and built in the 1920s by Dornier-Werke in Manzell on Lake Constance .
development
As part of the license negotiations that Claude Dornier entered into with Kawasaki Dockyard Ltd. in 1924 . led, the Japanese side commissioned a float plane, which they wanted to produce as a torpedo aircraft for the Japanese Navy, which had issued a corresponding tender at the time. Dornier based the design on the Do C , which in turn was based on the Do B Komet III , and took over the entire fuselage structure including the wing. Only the floating mechanism with the large paneling was a new construction. The choice of drive fell on a British Eagle IX . Construction of the prototype began in March / April 1924 and was completed in October of that year. In the same month, the Interallied Aviation Guarantee Committee (ILGK), which was responsible for compliance with the provisions of the Versailles Treaty in the aviation sector, approved the Do D as a supposedly “civil” aircraft, and the first flights were carried out. Occasionally, September 25 is also mentioned as the date of the first flight in the literature. The test flights in front of a Japanese acceptance committee took place on October 29, 1924 and were to their satisfaction. The aircraft was therefore subsequently dismantled and shipped to Japan, where it took part in a comparison flight for the competition in question the following year. Despite the fact that the Do D was the only participant able to meet the demands made, the Navy did not receive any serial orders from Kawasaki and the Do D was put on hold for the time being.
When the powerful in spring 1926 BMW VI -Flugmotor appeared Dornier took up the project again and developed with this drive, the Do D Up , unlike the prototype without reduction gear , but with zweiblättriger propeller and a greatly enhanced rudder . Even before the first copy could make its maiden flight, the Yugoslav naval forces received an order in June to build ten copies. The first of these was completed in November and flown in. It was delivered to Yugoslavia in January 1927 together with two other Do D's. Another crashed into Lake Constance on February 24, 1927, killing the on-board mechanic; the pilot who acted as one-flyer survived. The last seven aircraft were handed over between March and mid-1927.
A Do D Bis equipped with the enhanced BMW VI U engine with a reduction gear set with the crew of Wagner, Zinsmaier and Fath set eight international world records between July and August 1927.
Since the Do D appeared to be proving its worth, the Yugoslav Navy placed another order with Dornier at the end of 1927 for the delivery of a further 14 units, which, for financial reasons, only took place between March and September 1929. The German Ministry of Transport showed interest and ordered to 1928/1929 three with the BMW VI U -equipped and as Do D Bas labeled specimens that were passed in April and May 1929 and at the German Research Institute for Aviation and the German Pilot School were used . They were registered as D – 1541 , D – 1597 and D – 1598 : the former crashed in February 1932, the second was decommissioned and dismantled in September 1931; the whereabouts of the third is unknown.
The individual Do D differ from one another in the number and shape of the side hull windows. There were copies with only one square or round window per side, but also up to four round windows on each side. The latter seem to have been those used by Germany. The first construction lot intended for Yugoslavia also had two “ear coolers” attached to the side of the fuselage instead of one “abdominal cooler” attached under the bow, in order to create the necessary freedom of movement for a torpedo carried on the underside. A total of 29 Do D were produced.
construction
The Do D is as strutted high-wing executed floatplane in all-metal construction . The hull consists of a bearing outer paneling of Duraluminiumblechen with reinforcements by frame joists and steel fittings and outwardly extending in the direction of flight riveted profile stiffeners . The open crew cabin with two seats next to each other is located under the leading edge of the wing center section and is equipped with a double steering wheel.
The three-part wing consists of the middle section attached to short struts above the fuselage with the two integrated 285 liter fuel tanks as well as the two outer wings, which are each connected to the middle section with two self-locking bolts and each supported by two struts on the longitudinal spar of the fuselage . It is made up of two bars made of sheet steel profiles and box bars made of duralumin. The planking consists of smooth duralumin sheets. The two ailerons are covered with fabric and have mass balancing surfaces.
The tail unit is placed on the stern, with the horizontal and vertical fins braced against each other. Both consist of steel spars and duralumin ribs with smooth dural sheet planking. The elevator is covered with fabric and is aerodynamically relieved by small auxiliary surfaces, the rudder has a horn compensation and is pulled down to under the stern in the Do D Bis and Do D Bas versions.
The floating structure is made up of two single-stage dural floats made of sheet-metal frame frames. They are connected to the fuselage by two streamlined arms, which are attached to the fuselage lower chords at an angle of about 50 ° and have a structure similar to that of a hydrofoil. Its core was formed by two spar-like struts with a streamlined cross-section made of composite, rigid sheet steel profiles and a diagonal strut running in the direction of flight. This construction is covered by riveted dural sheets and is inherently rigid . It contributes to buoyancy through its structure and its aerodynamic shape and with its appearance gave the Do D its nickname: "Hosensepp".
Technical specifications
| Parameter | Dates (Thu D) | Dates (Thu D bis) | Dates (Do D Bas) |
|---|---|---|---|
| crew | 2 | 2-3 | 3 |
| span | 19.60 m | ||
| length | 12.82 m | 13.45 m | |
| height | 3.90 m | 4.13 m | 5 m |
| Wing area | 62.00 m² | 62.4 m² | |
| Preparation mass | 2000 kg | 2500 kg | 2600 kg |
| Payload | 1050 kg | 1100 kg | 1300 kg |
| Takeoff mass | 3050 kg | 3600 kg | 3900 kg |
| drive | a liquid-cooled, twelve-cylinder - four stroke - V engine | ||
| Type |
Rolls Royce "Eagle IX" with a rigid four-blade wooden propeller |
BMW VI 5.5 with rigid two-bladed wooden propeller |
BMW VI U with rigid two-bladed wooden propeller |
| Starting power continuous power |
375 PS (276 kW) 360 PS (265 kW) |
600 PS (441 kW) 450 PS (331 kW) |
640 PS (471 kW) 500 PS (368 kW) |
| Fuel volume | 570 l | ||
| Top speed | 182 km / h near the ground | 195 km / h near the ground | |
| Cruising speed | 160 km / h close to the ground | 170 km / h near the ground | |
| Landing speed | 92 km / h | ||
| Rise time | 32.5 min at 3000 m altitude | 36 min at 3000 m altitude | |
| Summit height | 5000 m | 3600 m | |
| Range | 1000 km | ||
| Flight duration | 6 h | ||
| Armament | two rigid machine-guns on the top of the fuselage, a movable machine-gun on a turntable on the back of the fuselage, a 45 cm torpedo or bombs up to 500 kg |
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World records
Below are the eight world records flown by Dornier pilots Richard Wagner and Georg Zinsmaier from July 18 to August 10, 1927 with a Do D Bis in Altenrhein. So that an official recognition by the FAI could take place, the aircraft received a license for the Swiss company Aero Metall AG in Zurich with the registration CH 177 , which however was not affixed to the fuselage and wings and was withdrawn again on September 15 to it to deliver to Yugoslavia.
- 172,000 km / h speed over a 2000 km distance without stopping
- 2100 km distance without a stopover
- 172 km / h speed with 500 kg payload on a 2000 km route
- 2100 km distance with 500 kg payload
- 5851 m height with 1000 kg payload
- 175.600 km / h with 1000 kg payload on a 1000 km distance
- 1600 km distance with 1000 kg payload
- 190.435 km / h with 2000 kg payload on a 100 km route
literature
- Günter Frost, Karl Kössler , Volker Koos: Dornier - From the beginning to 1945 . Heel, Königswinter 2010, ISBN 978-3-86852-049-1 , p. 77-80 .
- Dornier GmbH Friedrichshafen (Ed.): Dornier . The chronicle of the oldest German aircraft factory. 3. Edition. Aviatic, Oberhaching 1996, ISBN 3-925505-01-6 , pp. 92 .
- Helmut Stützer: The German military aircraft 1919–1934 . E. S. Mittler & Sohn, Herford 1984, ISBN 3-8132-0184-8 , p. 50, 119, 179 and 191 .
Web links
- Torpedo aircraft and maritime reconnaissance aircraft Dornier Do D. Accessed on December 19, 2018 (contribution by the German Aviation History Association (ADL)).
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Ries: Research on the German aviation role. Part 1: 1919-1934 . Dieter Hoffmann, Mainz 1977, ISBN 3-87341-022-2 , p. 114 and 118 .
- ^ Joachim Wachtel: Claude Dornier . A life for aviation. 1st edition. Aviatic, Planegg 1989, ISBN 3-925505-10-5 , pp. 106 .