Dorothea Ridder

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Dorothea Ridder in conversation with Fritz Teufel (1967)

Dorothea Ridder (born May 29, 1942 in Berlin-Pankow ) is a German co-founder of Kommune I (1967). In 1975 she was convicted of supporting the terrorist organization Red Army Faction (RAF) for " forming a criminal organization ".

Life

Dorothea Ridder grew up in East Berlin , where her father ran a decoration business. After the expropriation of the company, the father moved to Hamburg alone , Dorothea Ridder went to West Berlin in 1959 with her mother and five years older brother . After training at the Lette-Verein (higher business school), which she received as a recognized GDR refugee , Ridder, who was initially apolitical, worked as a secretary at the Julius Springer science publisher from 1961–62 . She came into contact with artists for whom she was a model, worked alongside as a magazine printer and temporarily worked as an animator in night bars.

After completing her Abitur, Dorothea Ridder matriculated at the Free University of Berlin in 1964 , where she studied political science at the Otto Suhr Institute . There she met Hans-Joachim Hameister (* 1940) and began to get involved in social policy. She took part in the revolutionary romantic group "Viva Maria" (motto: "Revolution must be fun"), a short-term split from the Subversive Action , to which Dieter Kunzelmann , Bernd Rabehl and Rudi Dutschke belonged. At the beginning of 1967 Ridder was with Hameister, Kunzelmann, Ulrich Enzensberger and others co-founders of Commune I , whose founding lecture she read at the SDS . Dorothea Ridder can also be seen in the famous K1 photo by Thomas Hesterberg, which shows the naked backs of the Communards in front of a white wall. In 2008, Ridder remembers the recording: “We were happy when it was over and we could get dressed again.” Ridder and Hameister later moved to SDS commune 2 , where u. a. Jan-Carl Raspe lived.

In April 1967 the Communards prepared an attack, later known as the " pudding attack ", using smoke bombs on US Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey . After Ridder, Fritz Teufel , Hameister and others carried out smoke bomb tests and throwing exercises in Grunewald on April 5, they were arrested by civil investigators from the Political Police, but were released the next day. On August 12, 1967, she danced with Andreas Baader , Rainer Langhans, disguised as a woman, and around 200 other demonstrators at a happening on the exemption of Fritz Teufel on the Ku'damm . In September 1967, according to a Spiegel report, Ridder, Wolfgang Neuss and three Berlin SDS members broke into the holiday home of the publisher Axel Springer on Sylt and hoisted a Viet Cong flag there. She was also active in the Action Council for the Liberation of Women, founded in 1968 on the initiative of Marianne Herzog and Helke Sander , and as a “playwoman” at the newly founded anti-authoritarian children's shop.

Encouraged by Günter Ammon , with whom Ridder underwent group psychotherapy , she switched to studying human medicine in 1969 . In addition to studying medicine, Dorothea Ridder organized an apartment for the RAF, which was used as a forgery workshop, and ran errands. In 2008 she recalls:

“It was very easy to slip into the RAF, very easy! It was very clear to me what I was going to do, maybe get an apartment someday, something like that, conspiratorial, also counterfeiting, okay, I could be supportive ... but something like: 'Of course you can shoot' ... No! "

When RAF member Ingrid Schubert was arrested in Berlin on October 8, 1970, she identified herself with a falsified ID from Dorothea Ridder. In September 1971, Ridder, who was now wanted by an arrest warrant, was arrested. However, she refused to give any testimony and was placed in pre-trial detention, which she spent mostly in the “dead wing” of the JVA Cologne-Ossendorf , where she was partially detained at the same time as Astrid Proll . The investigative authorities suspected that Ridder was "like the majority of the female members of the political terror group, lesbian or bi-sexually inclined." Press organs such as the Bild newspaper called Ridder a "horror Dorle". And the magazine Quick wrote in the article "Where sex and terror met" next to the picture of a naked woman's body covered with traces of paint:

“It started as a nude model. And then it went downhill. First, the fun-loving Dorothea let art students smear her with paint - then she lived as a 'horror' Dorle with men who planned paint-bag attacks. "

Since Ridder was only seen as a “marginal figure” of the RAF, she received exemption from custody , but was arrested again in 1972 after the intervention of the Bavarian Interior Minister Bruno Merk . After a total of about a year in solitary confinement, she was finally released from custody and resumed her studies.

In 1973 Dorothea Ridder passed the preliminary medical examination and practiced in 1973 and 1975 at the University Hospital in Ankara . In June 1975 she was sentenced to one year imprisonment due to her involvement in the RAF for “forming a criminal organization” under Section 129 of the Criminal Code . The sentence was suspended because of good conduct. In 1976 Ridder passed the medical state examination and received his license to practice medicine in 1977 . In 1980 she did her doctorate on the subject of the intrauterine device - overview of history, mode of action, general and own clin. Experiences . After substituting in a practice in West Germany, she worked as a general practitioner in a group practice in Berlin from 1981 to 1983, then her own practice on Nollendorfplatz , which she shared with a colleague from 1989 onwards. She was one of the first to treat drug addicts with methadone and to offer AIDS and cancer groups. Her patients included a. Erich Fried and Udo Lindenberg . For several years Ridder was a follower of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh .

At the end of the 1970s, Ridder sought out Astrid Proll, who was imprisoned in England and whom she had known from pre-RAF times, and has looked after her on friendly terms ever since. From 1983 Dorothea Ridder visited the captured RAF member Manfred Grashof as a doctor . She married him in March 1984. The marriage still officially exists. In June 1997 Dorothea Ridder suffered a severe stroke due to a thrombus in the brain , in which she initially lost her speech and memory. Since then she has suffered from focal epilepsy . Your practice has been closed. Ridder, who is still struggling with memory lapses and language problems, gave the writer Gabriele Goettle a lengthy interview in 2008 that formed the basis for a book about her.

literature

  • Gabriele Goettle: Who is Dorothea Ridder? Reconstruction of a damaged memory. Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-89320-135-8 .

Movie

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ According to Astrid Proll, in Gabriele Goettle: In the dead wing. In: TAZ v. November 23, 2008; but see correction. In: TAZ v. April 30, 2008.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Gabriele Goettle: Who is Dorothea Ridder? In: TAZ v. April 28, 2008 (with Ridder photo 2008) ; = This: Who is Dorothea Ridder? Reconstruction of a damaged memory. Berlin 2009, pp. 7-26.
  3. ↑ see Belinda Davis: Provocation as Emancipation. 1968 and the emotions. In: Operations 42 (4), Issue 164 (2003), pp. 41–49: Ulrich Enzensberger: Years of the Commune 1. Cologne 2004, p. 60; Aribert Reimann: Dieter Kunzelmann. Avant-garde, protester, radical (= critical studies on historical science . Volume 188). Göttingen 2009, pp. 116-120.
  4. ↑ Marianne Schmidt: Whoever doesn't sleep with them. (PDF; 541 kB) In: FAZ v. April 9, 2008, p. 40 (Photo: Dorothea Ridder 6th from left) .
  5. ↑ Ulrich Enzensberger: The Years of the Commune I. Berlin 1967–1969. Cologne 2004, p. 124 f .; Michael Ludwig Müller: Berlin 1968. The other perspective. Berlin 2008, p. 100.
  6. ^ Aribert Reimann: Dieter Kunzelmann. Avant-garde, protester, radical (= critical studies on historical science. Volume 188). Göttingen 2009, p. 144, photo of the “pudding assassins” (1967) (Dorothea Ridder standing) on einestages.spiegel.de.
  7. ↑ Photo of the “Kudamm Happening” (from left: Andreas Baader, unknown, Rainer Langhans, Dorothea Ridder) on webdesignausberlin.de; printed among others in Dorothea Hauser: Baader and Herold. Frankfurt / M. 1998, p. 129; see Butz Peters : RAF. Terrorism in Germany. Stuttgart 1991, p. 62.
  8. ↑ Personal details . In: Der Spiegel No. 40 v. September 25, 1967, p. 188; Fritz J. Raddatz, who was also mentioned as a participant in the article, denied his involvement in a letter to Springer. Fritz J. Raddatz: Troublemaker. Berlin 2005, p. 256.
  9. ↑ Ursula Nienhaus : How the women's movement came to 'Courage'. A chronology. In: Gisela Notz (ed.): When the women's movement still had courage. Bonn 2007, pp. 7–22, here: p. 7.
  10. ^ Butz Peters: RAF. Terrorism in Germany. Stuttgart 1991, p. 93.
  11. ^ Gisela Diewald-Kerkmann: Armed women in the underground. On the proportion of women in the RAF and the Movement June 2nd. In: Wolfgang Kraushaar: The RAF and left-wing terrorism. Hamburg 2006, Volume 1, pp. 657-675, here: p. 658; Trials and Arrests of Members of Baader-Meinhof Terrorist Group. In: Keesing's Record of World Events 18 (August 1972), p. 25434; Activities, Arrests and Trials of Alleged Terrorists. In: Keesing's Record of World Events 21 (August 1975), p. 27264.
  12. ↑ a b Gabriele Goettle: In the dead wing. In: TAZ v. November 23, 2008; = This: Who is Dorothea Ridder? Reconstruction of a damaged memory. Berlin 2009, pp. 107–124.
  13. ^ Federal Criminal Police Office , Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (ed.): The Baader Meinhof Report. Documents, analyzes, connections. From the files of the Federal Criminal Police Office, the “Special Commission Bonn” and the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution. Mainz 1972, p. 17.
  14. ↑ a b Hunting scene from Lower Bavaria . In: Der Spiegel No. 27 v. June 26, 1972, p. 16.
  15. ↑ Quick v. July 12, 1972, pp. 70 f., Cited therein. n. Martin Steinseifer: 'Terrorism' between event and discourse. Berlin / New York 2011 (German Linguistics series; 290), p. 171.
  16. ↑ also Gabriele Goettle: Tell friends of Dorothea Ridder. In: TAZ v. July 6, 2008; = This: Who is Dorothea Ridder? Reconstruction of a damaged memory. Berlin 2009, pp. 27-46.
  17. ↑ Gabriele Goettle: In the group practice. In: TAZ v. September 28, 2008; = This: Who is Dorothea Ridder? Reconstruction of a damaged memory. Berlin 2009, pp. 87-106.
  18. ↑ Gabriele Goettle: The practice of the galaxy. In: TAZ v. July 28, 2008 (with wedding photo Ridder / Grashof 1984); This: Where lock and bolt for. In: TAZ v. December 28, 2008; = This: Who is Dorothea Ridder? Reconstruction of a damaged memory. Berlin 2009, pp. 47-66, pp. 125 ff.
personal data
SURNAME Ridder, Dorothea
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German member of Commune 1, supporter of the RAF
DATE OF BIRTH May 29, 1942
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin-Pankow