Elista

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
city
Elista
Элиста ( Russian )
Элст ( Kalmyk )
flag coat of arms
flag
coat of arms
Federal district Southern Russia
republic Kalmykia
Urban district Elista
mayor Erdin Shogdschiev
Founded 1865
Earlier names Stepnoi (1944–1957)
City since 1930
surface 208  km²
population 103,749 inhabitants
(as of Oct. 14, 2010)
Population density 499 inhabitants / km²
Height of the center 120  m
Time zone UTC + 3
Telephone code (+7) 84722
Post Code 3580xx
License Plate 08
OKATO 85 401
Website http://www.elista.org
Geographical location
Coordinates 46 ° 19 ′  N , 44 ° 16 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 19 ′ 0 ″  N , 44 ° 16 ′ 0 ″  E
Elista (European Russia)
Red pog.svg
Location in the western part of Russia
Elista (Republic of Kalmykia)
Red pog.svg
Location in Kalmykia
List of cities in Russia

Elista ( Russian Элиста́ ; Kalmyk Элст , Elst ) is a city in southern Russia and the capital of the Republic of Kalmykia . It has 103,749 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

geography

Elista is located in the west of Kalmykia in the Jergeni Hills , in the middle of a steppe landscape between Volgograd in the north and the Caspian Sea in the south.

Climate diagram see bottom right

history

The Lenin -Platz in Elista with a big chess board and a pagoda-like building

Today's Elista was founded in 1865 and was originally a small settlement within the Astrakhan Governorate of the Russian Empire . The name Elista is a hydronym of the nearby river, the name of which is of Kalmyk origin and means something like "sand" or "sandy". Until the October Revolution of 1917, Elista was essentially only important as a cattle trading center.

In 1927 the construction of a town began on the basis of the existing village. As early as 1928 Elista was declared the capital of the newly formed Kalmyk Oblast and received city rights in 1930. In 1935 the Kalmyk Oblast became the Autonomous Soviet Republic of Kalmykia, of which Elista became the capital.

On August 13, 1942 Elista was by German troops of Army Group A busy. These were on the advance along the northern flank of the Caucasus towards the Caspian Sea . Since the German offensive in the southeast of the Eastern Front finally came to a standstill in December 1942 (the German troops along the overstretched front line were no longer able to break through the increasing resistance of the Soviet armed forces), Elista was defeated on January 1, 1943 by the Army group Hoth evacuated and set on fire. As a result, the German troops had to gradually withdraw further and further west.

Between 1944 and 1957 the Kalmyks were expelled to Siberia on the instructions of Stalin , as they were accused of collaborating with the German Wehrmacht during the Second World War . During this time Elista was called Stepnoi (Степной, in German "steppe town"). In 1958, a year after the Kalmucks were rehabilitated, the Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Republic was re-established.

Population development

year Residents
1939 17,128
1959 23,171
1970 49,827
1979 70,282
1989 89,695
2002 104,254
2010 103,749

Note: census data

economy

The city serves primarily as an administrative, educational and commercial center. Industry only plays a subordinate role here and consists mainly of smaller food processing companies. Overall, Kalmykia is dominated by agriculture.

traffic

Street

The most important road connection to and from Elista is the M6 highway , which runs from Kaschira (near Moscow ) to Astrakhan (not far from the Caspian Sea).

railroad

Elista owns a train station; however, since 2008 there has been no passenger traffic to or from Elista. Before 2006, Elista was the end point of a route from Stavropol , and until 2008 there were free through coaches between Moscow and Elista that ran from Moscow's Paveletsky train station .

Before the financial crisis of 2008 there were plans to build new rail links to Astrakhan and Volgograd ; the first connection would significantly accelerate the transit of goods from China / Central Asia to the Black Sea, the second line could help to reduce bus transport; Both projects with a length of 240 and 180 kilometers are currently not in concrete planning and will hardly be implemented in the foreseeable future.

Buddhist temple in Elista
Airport

Elista has a small airport, which is served three times a week from Moscow- Domodedovo .

Attractions

As the capital of the Kalmyks, Elista is one of the few major cities in Russia with a Buddhist culture. Among other things, the currently tallest Buddha statue in Europe stands here at around nine meters ; it was completed at the end of 2005 together with a new Buddhist temple (Churul).

  • Park Druzhba: Other sights in Elista include the park 'Druzhba' (in German "friendship") with a war memorial erected in 1965, as well as a memorial designed by the sculptor Ernst Neiswestny to commemorate the expulsion of the Kalmuck people in the post-war period.

Culture

chess

Since the 1990s, Elista has also been regarded as a chess center with a business and hotel center Chess City, which was initiated by the long-time President and chess player Kirsan Ilyumschinow . The first world championship in Elista took place in 1996 . The Chess City center was completed in 1998 and was the venue for the Chess Olympiad in the same year . In September and October 2006, the unification battle between the two world chess championships, Classic World Champion, Vladimir Kramnik , and FIDE World Champion, Wesselin Topalow , was held in the complex .

education

The only college in Elista is the Kalmyk State University . Additional educational institutions include an automotive technical college, a medical college, as well as several vocational schools, high schools and high schools.

Personalities

Sons and daughters:

Climate table

Elista
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
25th
 
-3
-9
 
 
18th
 
-2
-8th
 
 
17th
 
5
-3
 
 
22nd
 
16
5
 
 
37
 
24
11
 
 
50
 
28
16
 
 
40
 
31
18th
 
 
31
 
30th
17th
 
 
29
 
24
12
 
 
23
 
14th
5
 
 
28
 
6th
0
 
 
29
 
1
-4
Temperature in ° Cprecipitation in mm
Source: Roshydromet
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Elista
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −2.9 −2.0 4.7 16.4 23.6 28.1 30.9 29.6 23.5 14.3 6.3 0.5 O 14.5
Min. Temperature (° C) −8.8 −8.4 −2.8 5.1 11.2 15.7 18.3 16.7 11.7 4.6 0.2 −4.4 O 5
Precipitation ( mm ) 25th 18th 17th 22nd 37 50 40 31 29 23 28 29 Σ 349
Rainy days ( d ) 6th 5 5 4th 5 6th 5 4th 4th 4th 6th 8th Σ 62
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
−2.9
−8.8
−2.0
−8.4
4.7
−2.8
16.4
5.1
23.6
11.2
28.1
15.7
30.9
18.3
29.6
16.7
23.5
11.7
14.3
4.6
6.3
0.2
0.5
−4.4
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g
25th
18th
17th
22nd
37
50
40
31
29
23
28
29
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: Roshydromet

Individual evidence

  1. a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
  2. See war diary of the OKW , Ed. Percy Ernst Schramm , Volume 5.1. (1st half of 1943), Munich 2005, p. 10 ff.
  3. http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=663666
  4. http://www.elista.org/elista/kalmyikiya-predstavit-na-forume-v-sochi-proekt-manyichskogo-sudohodnogo-k-3.html  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.elista.org  
  5. Archive link ( Memento of the original dated May 31, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. As of March 5, 2011  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rusline.aero
  6. BBC News, December 27, 2005

Web links

Commons : Elista  - collection of images, videos and audio files