Erik Wolf

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Erik Wolf (born May 13, 1902 in Biebrich , † October 13, 1977 in Oberrotweil ) was a German legal philosopher , criminal and canon lawyer .

Life

Studies and teaching

Erik Wolf spent his childhood in Biebrich and from 1914 in Basel. His school career was interrupted by a protracted illness from tuberculosis , which from 1912 onwards made numerous longer stays in a sanatorium in Switzerland necessary, so that he received private lessons. In the autumn of 1920 he passed his Abitur as an “extra-student” before a commission of the Provincial School College in Frankfurt am Main and then studied economics and law for three semesters at the Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main , then law and history at the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena . There he received his doctorate in 1924 under Franz Wilhelm Jerusalem with a thesis on "The Development of the Legal Concept in Pure Natural Law". jur. PhD . This was followed by further studies at the University of Heidelberg , where he became a research assistant in 1925.

Gustav Radbruch (1920), follower of the neo-Kantian legal philosophy

In 1927 he completed his habilitation in Heidelberg under Alexander Graf zu Dohna and, after his move to Bonn, under Gustav Radbruch on the subject of "Criminal Law Doctrine". This work is considered to be the "classic" representation of a theory of guilt based on neo -Kantianism. In 1927/28 Wolf held a three-semester substitute professorship in criminal law and legal philosophy at the University of Kiel and was then appointed full professor for criminal law at the University of Rostock for three semesters . On the occasion of a Kant lecture on June 15, 1928 in Kiel, Wolf met the philosopher Martin Heidegger . In his review of Gerhart Husserl's 1929 book “Law and World”, he suggested that the legal capacity under civil law should no longer be based on the legal subject but on the “legal person”, so that not everyone would be the bearer of civil rights, but only those who that support the legal order.

Edmund Husserl, founder of phenomenology (1900)

In 1930, he was formerly a professor at the University of Kiel, but received in the same year a call to the chair of history of jurisprudence and legal philosophy at the Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg . There he was introduced by Gerhart Husserl to the circle around the philosopher Edmund Husserl , where he made an impression. The seminar for prison studies he founded in Freiburg was the first institution of its kind in Germany.

Wolf held his inaugural lecture in Freiburg on November 12, 1931. In it, under the influence of the phenomenological personalism of Heidegger and Gerhart Husserl, he turned against a predominantly biological and psychological interpretation of the term perpetrator, in which he defined a "special form of in-the-world " in the perpetrator. Being of the human being ”, saw a“ sudden or permanent decline of the legal disposition ”. The punishment must be based on the consequences that this "decay" has for the community. With that he already turned to the "social-authoritarian" criminal policy trend.

Cesare Lombroso, founder of criminal anthropology

Wolf rejected Cesare Lombroso's theory of the "born criminal" and said in 1933 that criminal biology had "contributed to the disinfestation of criminal law".

Confession to National Socialism

Under the influence of Martin Heidegger, Wolf fell under the spell of Nazi ideology in 1933/1934 . In 1933, he welcomed the seizure of power of the Nazis . In the summer of 1933, Wolf joined the National Socialist Lawyers' Association . Heidegger, then rector of Freiburg, appointed Wolf on October 1, 1933, as the first dean of the law and political science faculty after the takeover of power.

For the legal scholar Christoph M. Scheuren-Brandes, at the beginning of the Third Reich, Wolf was one of the young law teachers who followed the National Socialist system with enthusiasm. He represented the doctrine of nationality and leadership as a source of law, and, tied into the doctrine of the connection between law and blood, he raised the race to the legal principle and celebrated the people as a racial community. He also agreed to the building of a total state.

After Heidegger's resignation as rector, Wolf resigned from the Dean's office in April 1934. The Freiburg philosopher Max Müller commented: “Initially, Wolf [...] was disavowed by his faculty because he seemed to be a kind of unreflective Heideggerian. What he had in common with Heidegger was that the party remained absolutely alien to him. Wolf, originally a follower of George , was also guided by romantic ideas. Like Heidegger, he was fascinated by the magnificence of the event. Yes, he also had a certain aestheticism . "

Correct Law in the National Socialist State (1933)

Erik Wolf gave his Freiburg “Dean's Speech” on December 7, 1933 under the title “Correct Law in the National Socialist State”. This lecture was part of a mandatory lecture series for students on "Tasks of intellectual life in the National Socialist state". Wolf's speech emphasized the spirit of the people as a source of law: "Correct law in the National Socialist state is therefore a law that corresponds to the nature of the people". For Wolf, according to the philosopher Reinhard Mehring , it was not the democratically established will of the people, but the “essence” of the people that was legitimate.

“Right belongs to the original essence of man himself, because we recognize man's essence by the fact that it has a world of right. This being-in-the-world-of-law is inevitable and inevitably follows from it the question of the right law. It is not the result of modern brooding and does not mean anything written on paper. It is something living in the blood. "

According to Reinhard Mehring, Wolf emphasizes the formation of the people's spirit from the "experience of race", which he does not understand as a biological fact, but as a "community experience":

“The insight is growing that a people's right must not overlook the fact of the racial origin of the people. The question of the share of the various Aryan races in the development of our nationality should not come to the fore. It could easily lead to a dispute over unity. All German tribes must participate and participate in the legal structure of the National Socialist state. The legal significance of the concept of race cannot lie in a legal preference for Nordic race types over the others. "

Helmut Merzdorf, "Head of the Press Department of the Reich Office for the Promotion of German Literature", polemicized against this last remark in 1935 in the Nazi battle paper " Der Alemanne " and accused Wolf of "lacking orthodoxy on the racial question". In general, in Wolf's speech, “the clear nature of the race was talked into a very unclear concept”.

According to Reinhard Mehring, in the first years of the National Socialist rule, Wolf translated his personalism, which was clearly evident in the criminal law programs, into a corporate legal ideal. He criticized the "replacement of the intellectual idea of ​​the state by the natural concept of society" and believed that his position was in line with National Socialism when he said:

“The criticism of the present rejects the ideologies of the previous reform movement because it has devalued the two basic values ​​of criminal law: the state and the person. By replacing these values ​​with the ideas of the individual and society, nothing essential has been gained, despite a more precise grasp of the psychological and clearer insight into the sociological causes of the crime. "

In Mehring's view, National Socialism was clearly understood here only as a “certain negation of Weimar ” and thus “misunderstood in its essence”. Wolf, according to Mehring, appealed to the great German legal thinkers like Eike von Repkow and not to the Nazi doctrine, according to which the Führer hears and expresses the people's spirit. In the corporate state he saw "the legal ideal of the National Socialist state", according to his view an "eternally essential" "order of God". He committed the officials to the idea of ​​“non-profit” and demanded “common good before self-interest” up to the willingness to “pull against the sensible experience with the Führer”. Finally he sought to subordinate the total state to the commandments of Christianity: “This certainty of moral totality follows solely from submission to the highest authority of God, the Lord of history. This gives an insight into the essential connection between National Socialism and Christianity. "

Due to unlawful behavior and extreme fanaticism, Wolf provoked strong resistance in the faculty, so that on December 7, 1933, after his “Dean's speech”, he offered Heidegger his resignation. Heidegger refused, until the Baden Ministry of Education recommended him on April 12, 1934, to dismiss Wolf as dean because of the faculty's “not entirely unfounded concerns”. On April 15, Wolf announced his resignation with the rector, who was also leaving office, and withdrew completely from faculty life in the following years. From the summer of 1934, Wolf turned to his commitment to the Confessing Church and wrote canonical and legal theological writings. But his “Hitlerian zeal” cannot yet be stopped. According to Wolf's student Hollerbach, it was “essentially Erik Wolf” who “kept canon law present at the Freiburg University during the time of National Socialist rule and thus achieved a piece of resistant non-adaptation” by “not by chance” in the In the winter semester of 1933/34 I took on a teaching position for Protestant canon law.

The legal ideal of the National Socialist State (1934)

On November 20, 1934 , Erik Wolf gave the lecture "The legal ideal of the National Socialist state" before the Association of National Socialist Lawyers . Right at the beginning he says:

“It is one of the characteristics of the authenticity of the National Socialist revolution that the movement has rediscovered a previously dried up source of law: the Volkstum, and opened up a new one: the leadership. [...] It is no longer the conventional ideal of formal equality of abstract legal subjects, it is the idea of ​​tiered honor of the national legal comrades. "

The new state constitution requires the use of lawyers in the form of community obligations, in particular in family law the idea of ​​compulsory community should come to the fore. The “honorable characteristics” of the people are in this point of view identical with the characteristics of its law, which are characterized by “blood, class and tradition”. This results in the unity of the honor of the individual as well as the community: “Our human ideal in law is therefore a legal companion who lives from and in the national community and serves it, feels responsible for it and draws strength from this responsibility, also as a free moral personality to lead others where and how the common good demands. Only such an image of man corresponds to honor as a fundamental legal value. ”Wolf understands the status as an“ eternally essential, an order of God ”.

Symbol of the Reichsnährstandes with the party eagle of the NSDAP

The reception of the national community idea was sufficient to exclude the "alien", but the racial hygiene vocabulary was only used for argumentative set pieces in order to be able to justify the legal status of German people "biologically". A distinction is made between “native folk comrades” and “nonspecific people's guests who are not entitled to legal status.” These include “racially foreign and foreigners”. With this, "the way to legal discrimination and exclusion was legally paved", as Heinz Müller-Dietz writes. Wolf, according to Alexander Hollerbach , "pays tribute to the blood-and-soil ideology and justifies something like 'species equality'". His "intellectual capitulation to National Socialism" is documented in the basic attitude he presented:

"In everyday legal life, real National Socialism is most likely to be found where the idea of ​​the Führer is wordlessly but faithfully lived out."

According to tradition, he formulates:

"The leader principle requires three basic characteristics: office, character, achievement".

Mehring comments: Wolf would like a Christian-minded leader with the traits of fatherliness, a sense of war and charisma, i.e. with domestic and foreign political authority. His most forced “determination of the position of National Socialism”, which for the first time recognizes leadership as a source of law in addition to the national spirit, thus clearly marking a difference, paints an “ideal picture” and a distorted picture of constitutional reality. Because faith for a "right ideal of the Nazi state" is provided, adds Wolf Proper law in Nazi state to an essay on "Proper law and evangelical faith" that explains the erroneous "assumption" of National Socialism under the authority of God. In literal correspondence with the Freiburg deanery speech, she repeats the notions of the “correct law of the Germans” under National Socialism and ties them to the authority of God according to Luther's “doctrine of the person and the people's order as the basis of Christian legal community”. Wolf understand the National Socialist state as a total state of a total "obligation" of the person for the national community in responsibility before God:

"Because in the idea of ​​the total state there is a tendency towards self-authorization and self-justification, even towards self-deification."

Hollerbach therefore emphasizes: There is “nowhere in these writings total affirmation”. The line leading to a philosophical-theoretical foundation of legal and state thought under the sign of National Socialism was broken off at the end of 1934. However, Wolf's enthusiasm for the Nazi regime in connection with changes in his “criminal policy” contributed to an alienation between himself and friends like Radbruch and Gerhart Husserl, who had to vacate his chair in April 1933 because of his Jewish descent. At an encounter with Gerhart Husserl, Wolf said: “It is very regrettable that you are now in such an uncomfortable position. But that is a martyrdom sent by God that you have to bear with dignity and with which no one is allowed to help you. "

Engagement in the resistance

According to Christoph Scheuren-Brandes, Erik Wolf's initial enthusiasm for National Socialism quickly turned into active resistance. In September 1933 he was appointed to the regional synod of the Evangelical Church, where he voted in July 1934 as a member of the positive faction against the incorporation of the regional church into the " Reich Church ". 1935–1936, however, he spoke out in favor of the death penalty and postulated a substantive concept of injustice that also included unwritten law, including Führer orders. The reason for punishment is the value judgment of the national community that there is “no crime in itself, but against it”. He denied the “legal status” for “other people” and thus justified the withdrawal of civil rights, in particular the dismissal of Jewish officials. According to his own statements, he had developed increasing skepticism towards National Socialism since 1933, but it was not until 1937 that the "real turning point" was brought about.

The Freiburg synagogue

From 1936 Erik Wolf became involved as a member of the Confessing Church and in January 1943, together with Franz Böhm , Constantin von Dietze , Adolf Lampe and Gerhard Ritter in the Freiburg district , he drafted the Freiburg memorandum on Political Community Order, commissioned by the leadership of the Confessing Church : an attempt at self-reflection of the Christian conscience in political distress . Together with the National Socialist lawyers Theodor Maunz and Horst Müller, Wolf joined the NSDAP on May 1, 1937 . According to the biographer and former Wolf's assistant Alexander Hollerbach, membership in the NSDAP was seen by Wolf as a "matter of form". Wolf would have hoped it would offer him some protection, especially for his church activities. Hollerbach also refers to “a testimony from a student confirmed by Bernd Rüthers” who was in Erik Wolf's lecture “a day or two” after the Freiburg synagogue burned down on November 9, 1938, when he said, “Now the public prosecutor's office must Freiburg will bring charges against the arsonists and devastators that night for breach of the peace. "

Wolf did not publicly distance himself from National Socialism. In 1939 he attempted to help overcome the methodological dispute in National Socialist jurisprudence by stating that “the material content of justice in the area of ​​contemporary German law is dictated by National Socialism. All individual legal ideals are determined by his idea, including those of criminal law. ”He saw the synthesis for criminal law (between offender and criminal offense law) in Hegel and Heidegger. According to Christoph Mährlein, there were clear distinctions between Wolf and Nazi ideology, but it was not entirely clear whether he no longer adhered to National Socialism.

During the Second World War , Wolf worked on the Nazi project “War Mission of the Humanities” .

According to Günter Spendel's memories , Wolf, who after 1933 had made statements in favor of the Nazi regime, had turned into a staunch opponent of the Nazi system at the end of 1941. After 1945 Wolf Spendel told that after the assassination attempt on July 20, 1944 , the Freiburg Gestapo summoned him. The interrogating officer had told him that Wolf, as a legal scholar, knew from legal history the means by which one could help a confession.

post war period

After the Second World War, Erik Wolf was chairman of the constitutional committee of the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD) from 1946 to 1948 and a delegate of the World Church Conference in Amsterdam in 1948 (founding assembly of the Ecumenical Council of Churches ). In his book Vom Wesen des Rechts in German poetry in 1946, he questioned the work of great poets such as Hölderlin , Adalbert Stifter and Johann Peter Hebel about what law and justice mean for the essence and existence of man.

Wolf lived in the Kaiserstuhl village of Oberrotweil (town of Vogtsburg in the Kaiserstuhl ) since 1959 , where he is also buried.

Wolf received an honorary theological doctorate in Heidelberg in November 1948. In 1967 he retired . He was awarded the Sigmund Freud Prize for Scientific Prose in 1972. In 1972 he received an honorary doctorate in law in Athens and in 1977 an honorary doctorate in philosophy in Tübingen .

Fonts (selection)

  • Criminal guilty theory . 1928.
  • Correct law in the National Socialist state. 1934.
  • Great legal thinkers in German intellectual history. 1939, 4th edition 1963.
  • On the essence of law in German poetry. 1946.
  • Legal thought and biblical instruction: three lectures. Tuebingen 1948.
  • Greek legal thought. Vittorio Klostermann, 4 vols., Frankfurt am Main 1950–1970.
  • The problem of natural law . 1955.
  • Order of the church. 1961.
  • Legal Philosophical Studies. Edited by Alexander Hollerbach , 1972.
  • Legal theological studies. Edited by Alexander Hollerbach, 1972.
  • Studies on the History of Legal Thought. Edited by Alexander Hollerbach, 1982.

Editing

literature

  • Alexander Hollerbach: On the life and work of Erik Wolf. In: Studies on the History of Legal Thought. Ed. Von dems., 1982, pp. 235-271.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolf's own statements documented in: Alexander Hollerbach , In memoriam Erik Wolf , magazine of the Savigny Foundation for Legal History: Germanistische Abtheilung, Volume 95 1978, p. 455, https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/dnb/download/5596
  2. ↑ Alexander Hollerbach, On the life and work of Erik Wolf , in: Erik Wolf, Studies on the History of Legal Thought , Frankfurt a. M. 1982, p. 237, https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/dnb/download/5576
  3. ↑ Thomas Würtenberger (criminologist) : "Legal philosophy and legal theology: To the death of Erik Wolf" in: ARSP: Archive for Legal and Social Philosophy , Vol. 64, No. 4 (1978), pp. 535-546, here 536.
  4. ↑ Alexander Hollerbach, On the life and work of Erik Wolf , in: Erik Wolf, Studies on the History of Legal Thought , Frankfurt a. M. 1982, pp. 243f
  5. ↑ Law and the world. Remarks on the eponymous book by Gerhart Husserl , in: Zeitschrift für die alles Staatswissenschaft 90 (1931), 328–346
  6. ↑ Lena Foljanty: Law or Law: Legal Identity and Authority in the Natural Law Debates of the Post-War Period , 2013, p. 139.
  7. ↑ Alexander Hollerbach: "Erik Wolfs Work for Church and Law", in: Albrecht Ernst et al. (Ed.): Yearbook for Churches in Baden and the History of Religion, Vol. 2, Stuttgart 2008, pp. 47–68, here p. 53
  8. ↑ ARSP 64 (1978) p. 537
  9. ↑ Erik Wolf: On the essence of the perpetrator. Inaugural lecture in Freiburg . Tübingen, JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck) 1932.
  10. ↑ Thomas Würtenberger: "Legal Philosophy and Legal Theology: To the Death of Erik Wolf" in: ARSP: Archive for Legal and Social Philosophy , Vol. 64, No. 4 (1978), pp. 535-546, here 537.
  11. ↑ Lena Foljanty: Law or Law: Legal Identity and Authority in the Natural Law Debates of the Post-War Period , 2013, p. 139.
  12. ↑ Quoted from Reinhard Mehring, “Legal idealism between community pathos and church order. On the development of Erik Wolf's legal thoughts ”, in: Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 44 (1992) pp. 140–156, here 145.
  13. ^ Rudolf Vierhaus: Thies - Zymalkowski, Volume 10 , Munich 2008, De Gruyter, p. 720
  14. ^ A. Hollerbach, "In the shadow of the year 1933: Erik Wolf and Martin Heidegger", in: Freiburger Universitätsblätter 92 (1986) 33-47, p. 42.
  15. ↑ Traugott Wolf: Protestantism and social market economy: A study using the example of Franz Böhm . Munich 1997, p. 50 .
  16. ↑ Christoph M. Scheuren-Brandes: The way from National Socialist legal teachings to Radbruch formula. Investigations into the history of the idea of ​​"wrong law". Schöning 2006, p. 41
  17. ↑ Christoph M. Scheuren-Brandes: The way from National Socialist legal teachings to Radbruch formula. Investigations into the history of the idea of ​​“incorrect law”, Schöning 2006, p. 77
  18. ↑ Max Müller in: A conversation with Max Müller , in: Bernd Martin, Heidegger and the "Third Reich" , Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1989, p. 111
  19. ↑ Alexander Hollerbach, Jurisprudence in Freiburg. Contributions to the history of the law faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs-University, Tübingen 2007, p. 235.
  20. ↑ a b c d Reinhard Mehring, legal idealism between community pathos and church order. On the development of Erik Wolf's legal thoughts , magazine for religious and intellectual history, vol. 44, no. 2 1992, p. 146
  21. ↑ Emmanuel Faye, Heidegger. La introducción del nazismo en la filosofía , Ediciones AKAL 2009, p. 290
  22. ↑ Mehring refers in his footnote 35 on page 146 to the primary source Erik Wolf, Correct Law in the National Socialist State , Freiburg University Speeches 13, 1934, p. 16 .; The same applies to Alexander Hollerbach, Zu Leben und Werk Erik Wolf , footnote 51 on page 249
  23. ↑ Alexander Hollerbach, On the life and work of Erik Wolf , in: Alexander Hollerbach, Erik Wolf. Studies on the History of Legal Thought. Selected Writings III , Klostermann 1982, p. 249.
  24. ↑ Reinhard Mehring, “Legal Idealism Between Community Pathos and Church Order. On the development of Erik Wolf's legal thoughts ”, in: Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 44, 1992 pp. 145f
  25. ^ Reinhard Mehring, Legal Idealism Between Community Pathos and Church Order. On the development of Erik Wolf's legal thoughts , magazine for religious and intellectual history, vol. 44, no. 2 1992, p. 147
  26. ↑ Alexander Schwan, Political Philosophy in Heidegger's Thinking , VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften 1989, p. 213
  27. ^ Hugo Ott, Martin Heidegger as rector of the University of Freiburg 1933/34 , in: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 132 (1984) p. 355
  28. ^ Hugo Ott, Martin Heidegger as rector of the University of Freiburg 1933/34 , in: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 132 (1984) p. 356
  29. ↑ Traugott Roser: Protestantism and social market economy: a study using the example of Franz Böhm. LIT Verlag Münster, 1998, page 50.
  30. ↑ Emmanuel Faye: Heidegger. The Introduction of National Socialism into Philosophy, 2014 p. 273.
  31. ↑ Alexander Hollerbach: In memoriam Erik Wolf , in: Journal of the Savigny Foundation for Legal History , Canonical Department 109 (1979), p. 458.
  32. ↑ Alexander Hollerbach, Jurisprudence in Freiburg. Contributions to the history of the law faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs-University, Tübingen 2007, p. 235.
  33. ↑ Erik Wolf: "Das Rechtsideal des Nationalsozialistische Staats", in: Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie, 28, 1934–1935, pp. 348–363, here 348.
  34. ^ Mühlfeld, Claus, Reception of the National Socialist Family Policy. An analysis of the confrontation with Nazi family policy in selected sciences 1933–1939, Stuttgart 1992, p. 333.
  35. ↑ Erik Wolf: "Das Rechtsideal des Nationalsozialistische Staats", in: Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie, 28, 1934–1935, pp. 348–363, here 352.
  36. ↑ Erik Wolf: "Das Rechtsideal des Nationalozialistische Staats", in: Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie, 28, 1934–1935, pp. 348–363, here 357.
  37. ↑ Erik Wolf: "Das Rechtsideal des Nationalsozialistische Staats", in: Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie, 28, 1934–1935, pp. 348–363, here 358.
  38. ^ Mühlfeld, Claus, Reception of the National Socialist Family Policy. An analysis of the confrontation with Nazi family policy in selected sciences 1933–1939, Stuttgart 1992, p. 333.
  39. ↑ Erik Wolf: "Das Rechtsideal des Nationalozialistische Staats", in: Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie, 28, 1934–1935, pp. 348–363, here 360; Quote from Ernst Klee: The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 . Fischer paperback, Frankfurt a. M. 2005, p. 685.
  40. ^ Heinz Müller-Dietz: Law and National Socialism - Collected Contributions, Baden-Baden 2000, p. 63.
  41. ^ Mühlfeld, Claus, Reception of the National Socialist Family Policy. An analysis of the confrontation with Nazi family policy in selected sciences 1933–1939, Stuttgart 1992, p. 333.
  42. ↑ Erik Wolf: "Das Rechtsideal des Nationalozialist Staats", in: Archive for Legal and Social Philosophy, 28, 1934–1935, pp. 348–363, here 356.
  43. ↑ Reinhard Mehring, “Legal Idealism Between Community Pathos and Church Order. On the development of Erik Wolf's legal thoughts ”, in: Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 44 (1992) pp. 140–156, here 147.
  44. ↑ Erik Wolf: "Das Rechtsideal des Nationalozialistische Staats", in: Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie, 28, 1934–1935, pp. 348–363, here 362.
  45. ↑ Reinhard Mehring, “Legal Idealism Between Community Pathos and Church Order. On the development of Erik Wolf's legal thoughts ”, in: Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 44 (1992) pp. 140–156, here 147.
  46. ↑ Erik Wolf: "Correct Law and Evangelical Belief", in: The Nation before God, ed. v. Walter Kiinneth and Helmuth Schreiner, 3rd edition Berlin 1934, pp. 241–266, here 251.
  47. ^ So Walter Eucken, quoted from Alexander Hollerbach, Jurisprudenz in Freiburg. Contributions to the history of the law faculty of the Albert-Ludwigs-University, Tübingen 2007, p. 25.
  48. ↑ Christoph M. Scheuren-Brandes: The way from National Socialist legal teachings to Radbruch formula. Investigations into the history of the idea of ​​"wrong law". Schöning, Paderborn 2006, p. 76
  49. ↑ Alexander Hollerbach: Jurisprudence in Freiburg: Contributions to the history of the law faculty of the Albert Ludwig University , 2007, p. 202
  50. ↑ Lena Foljanty: Law or Law: Legal Identity and Authority in the Natural Law Debates of the Post-War Period , 2013, p. 140.
  51. ^ Rudolf Vierhaus: Thies - Zymalkowski, Volume 10 , Munich 2008, De Gruyter, p. 720.
  52. ↑ Emmanuel Faye, Heidegger, the Introduction of Nazism Into Philosophy in Light of the Unpublished Seminars of 1933–1935 , Yale University Press 2009, p. 200
  53. ↑ Alexander Hollerbach: Jurisprudence in Freiburg: Contributions to the History of the Law Faculty of the Albert Ludwig University , 2007, p. 24
  54. ↑ Alexander Hollerbach: Jurisprudence in Freiburg: Contributions to the history of the law faculty of the Albert Ludwig University , 2007, p. 339.
  55. ^ Christoph Mährlein: Volksgeist and Law. Hegel's philosophy of unity and its meaning in jurisprudence . Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann 2000, p. 209
  56. ^ Ernst Klee: The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 . Fischer paperback, Frankfurt a. M. 2005, p. 685.
  57. ↑ Eric Hilgendorf (ed.): The German-language criminal law science in self-portrayals , Berlin / New York 2010, p. 529.
  58. ↑ Alexander Hollerbach: In memoriam Erik Wolf , in: Journal of the Savigny Foundation for Legal History, Canonical Department 65 = 96 = 109 (1979), pp. [455] –461; as a special print from the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg.
personal data
SURNAME Wolf, Erik
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German legal philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH May 13, 1902
PLACE OF BIRTH Biebrich
DATE OF DEATH October 13, 1977
Place of death Oberrotweil