Ore
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| Basic data | ||||
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| Province (il) : | Hatay | |||
| Coordinates : | 36 ° 57 ' N , 36 ° 12' E | |||
| Height : | 178 m | |||
| Residents : | 30,340 (2010) | |||
| Telephone code : | (+90) 326 | |||
| Postal code : | 31960 | |||
| License plate : | 31 | |||
| Structure and administration (status: 2014) | ||||
| Mayor : | Kasım Şimşek ( AKP ) | |||
| Website: | ||||
| Erzin district | ||||
| Residents : | 39,946 (2010) | |||
| Surface: | 280 km² | |||
| Population density : | 143 inhabitants per km² | |||
| Kaymakam : | İskender Yönden | |||
| Website (Kaymakam): | ||||
Erzin is a district town in the Turkish province of Hatay . At the same time, Erzin is the capital of the district of the same name. Erzin is located in the north of the province on the Gulf of İskenderun on the Mediterranean Sea . The district borders on the provinces of Adana and Osmaniye . The city has 30,340 and the district 39,946 inhabitants (as of 2010). The city of Erzin is not on the coast, but further inward. Nearby are the ruins of the city of Epiphaneia (Cilicia) .
Geographical location
Erzin lies on the western slope of the Nur-Dağlar Mountains, which were formerly also known as the Amanus Mountains. The climate is warm and humid in winter and very hot in summer. The inhabitants then usually withdraw to the pine forests of the mountains or to the nearby beaches of the Mediterranean. The city is on the E 91 , which connects Osmaniye with Iskenderun and finally with Antakya and Syria . Citrus fruits , especially mandarins , oranges and pomelos , are grown in the area around Erzin . Vegetables have also been grown since the irrigation works in the 1960s .
Seaside tourism has developed into another source of income on the beach, 22 km from the city center.
history
The official website of the city of Erzin explains that the name comes from Turkmen tribes who immigrated from the Erzin region in present-day Russia near the Mongolian border.
In 1473 Erzin was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire after the Battle of Otlukbeli , in which the Aq Qoyunlu , Mehmet II were defeated .
In 1906 Erzin was incorporated into the province of Adana .
On December 11, 1918, a French battalion occupied Dörtyol. On December 19, 1918, the first resistance against the occupiers began in Antakya / Antioch and Dörtyol. The city of Adana was liberated on January 4th, 1922, and the Turkish army marched into the city on January 5th. Mersin and Dörtyol are also released.
On January 27, 1937, Hatay's independence was recognized at a meeting of the League of Nations in Geneva . On June 14, 1937, the Hatay Independence Treaty was ratified by the National Assembly.
On the 3rd / 4th July 1938, Turkey and France conclude an agreement to station an equal number of troops in Hatay. The troops march in on July 4th.
In 1939 the Republic of Hatay was rejoined to Turkey. At the same time, the Dörtyol and Erzin regions are incorporated into the Hatay Province. The district of Erzin was established in 1987.
Ancient sites
The official website of the municipality of Erzin takes the view that the ancient city of Issus is located in the district area 4. A long aqueduct with around a hundred preserved arches crosses the plain and ends at a location 7 km west of the city. This site has suffered severe damage to the near-surface archaeological evidence over the years due to intensive tillage. It is undoubtedly not an Issus that should be by the sea 5 or some distance from the coast, taking into account the alluvium since ancient times, but the evidence found here is at least 40 m above sea level.
On the location of Issus cf. the data from Xenophon in the anabasis (1,4):
| Ἐντεῦϑεν ἐξελαύνει σταϑμὸν ἕνα, παρασάγγας πέντε, ἐπὶ τὸν Πύραμον ποταμόν, οὗ τὸ εὖρος στάδιον. Ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει σταθμοὺς δύο, παρασάγγας πεντεκαίδεκα, εἰς Ἰσσούς, τῆς Κιλικίας ἐσχάτην πόλιν, ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃ οἰκουμένην, μεγάλην καὶ εὐδαίμονα. | Then he marched a day's journey of five parasangen (approx. 28 km) to the Pyramus , which is a stadium (177.6 m) wide. From here he covered fifteen parasangs (about 84 km) in two marches and came to Issus, the outermost city of Cilicia; it lies by the sea and is large and blooming. |
The site near Gözeneler 6 is currently identified as the city of Epiphania or Epiphaneia (Greek: Ἐπιφάνεια; Latin: Epiphanea or Epiphania), so named under the rule of Antiochus IV. Epiphanes , but also Oiniandos 7 until the second century.
According to Appian , it is one of the cities in which Pompey settled pirates in 67 BC:
τοὺς δὲ πειρατὰς οἳ μάλιστα ἐδόκουν οὐχ ὑπὸ μοχθηρίας ἀλλ ἀπορίᾳ βίου διὰ τὸν πόλεμον ἐπὶ ταῦτα ἐλθεῖν, ἐς Μαλλὸν καὶ Ἄδανα καὶ Ἐπιφάνειαν, ἢ εἴ τι ἄλλο πόλισμα ἔρημον ἢ ὀλιγάνθρωπον ἦν τῆσδε τῆς τραχείας Κιλικίας, συνῴκιζε ...
These pirates, who undoubtedly came to their way of life not out of malice but because of the misery caused by the war, he settled in Mallos , Adana, Epiphany and other uninhabited or sparsely populated towns in the mountainous part of Cilicia: ...
- Appian, Mithridatika, XIV, § 96,
This is also the city in which Cicero , in his time as proconsul in Cilicia, set up his camp in 51 BC , before he set out on the campaign against the Parthians in the Amanus Mountains, as he explains in a letter to the Senate or Cato :
Interea cognovi multorum litteris atque nuntiis magnas Parthorum copias atque Arabum ad oppidum Antiocheam accessisse magnumque eorum equitatum, qui in Ciliciam transisset, ab equitum meorum turmis et a cohorte praetoria, quae erat Epiphaneae occidione causisum,. ... cumque eo animo venissem, ..., pacare Amanum et perpetuum hostem ex eo monte tollere, agere perrexi; cumque me discedere ab eo monte simulassem et alias partes Ciliciae petere abessemque ab Amano iter unius diei et castra apud Epiphaneam fecissem
At the same time I received letters and orally delivered messages informing me that the Parthians and Arabs had approached Antioch with a considerable force, and a large cavalry corps of them had approached Antioch after its invasion of Cilicia from a large part of my squadrons in association with one of the garrisons of Epiphany-forming Praetorian cohort had been massacred. ... I was aware ... that I had to pacify the Amanus Mountains and cleanse them of a constantly hostile population. I set myself this task. I faked a retreat from the mountains in the direction of another part of Cilicia and thus walked a day's march away, where I set up camp near Epiphany.
- Cicero, Letters to Confidants - Book XV, 4
From 325 to 692, Epiphany had seven bishops . Their first, St. Amphion, suffered from the persecution of Christians under Diocletian (303-304) and was a participant in the First Council of Nicaea (325).
Remarks
- The city of Hama in Syria was formerly called Epiphany.
- Epiphany is also the name of a district of Antioch .
Town twinning
- Freiberg am Neckar
- Quba ( Azerbaijan ) since 2011
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Turkish Institute for Statistics ( Memento from December 5, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on May 22, 2011
- ↑ https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/xenophon/anaba2-1/vol01chap004.html
- ↑ http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0229%3Atext%3DMith.%3Achapter%3D14%3Asection%3D96
- ↑ http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/cicero/fam15.shtml#lfour
- ^ The Catholic Encyclopedia: Epiphany
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from May 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Vesti.Az from January 15, 2011, accessed on April 22, 2014
