Eugene Oswald

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Eugene Oswald. Photograph by Arthur Edward Praill, London 1909

Eugen Oswald (also Eugene Oswald ) (born October 16, 1826 in Heidelberg ; died October 16, 1912 in London ) was a journalist , translator and teacher . He was an active participant in the German Revolution of 1848/1849 .

Life

Eugen Oswald was the son of the university publisher Carl August Oswald , and of Carolina Augusta Brédé, who came from a Huguenot family . Oswald was the youngest of five children. He attended the Kurfürst-Friedrich-Gymnasium , after passing the Abitur he studied law at the University of Heidelberg . He worked as a notary trainee in Mannheim and as a division commissioner in the Boxberg district . During the revolution of 1848/49 he worked as a journalist for the "Mannheimer Abendzeitung". During the Baden Revolution he was an adjutant to Adolph Trützschler in the imperial constitution campaign. After the defeat of the Baden uprising, he chose Paris as his exile . Together with Edgar Quinet , he wrote “La Liberté de penser” for the monthly review. After Napoleon III. came to power with the coup d'état of December 2, 1851, he was imprisoned in the prison of Mazas and wrote his book "Prison Contemplations on France" there. The publisher and editor of the "Mannheimer Abendzeitung" Jean Pierre Grohe and Oswald were sentenced in absentia for high treason on August 24, 1850 by the Mannheim court to four years in prison or two years and eight months in solitary confinement. He was expelled from France and went to London like many other German revolutionaries. His first job in London was at the University College School. In England he called himself from 1868 "Eugene Oswald". His essential contribution to the translation of the book "Ideas for an attempt to determine the limits of the effectiveness of a state" ( The Sphere and Duties of Government ) influenced John Stuart Mill in his book " On Liberty ". In 1857 he was employed as an instructor at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich . Oswald taught foreign languages ​​at the “Working Men's College” and was president and co-founder of the “Carlyle Society”. In 1870/71 he helped Marx and Engels in the public defense of the Paris Commune during the Franco-Prussian War . In 1874 he received his doctorate in absentia to Dr. phil. at the Göttingen University . Eugen Oswald was also a long-time correspondent for the Portuguese daily newspaper "O commércio do Porto". Oswald was a knight and commander of the Portuguese Order of Christ . Since 1884 he was one of the employees at Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . In 1892 he taught Prince Albert, later King George VI , in German. In 1907 he was involved in the translation of Queen Victoria's letters . He died in London on October 16, 1912.

Oswald was one of the founders of the “English Goethe Society” and a long-time friend and correspondent of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels .

Eugen Oswald married Caroline Goodwin in 1860 . The marriage had four children. Two sons, the younger son was the geologist Felix Oswald and two daughters. The youngest was Ella Oswald (born 1871 or 1872) and the older was Lina Oswald (born 1863). Both daughters were also active as a journalist.

Publications

Eugene Oswald. Austria in 1868. Reprinted from the “English Leader” . Trübner & Co., London 1868.
  • L'insurrection badoise dans ses rapports avec la révolution allemande . In: La Liberté de penser. Revue démocratique . No. 30. May 15, 1850, pp. 565-581 and No. 33 August 15, 1850. pp. 225-248.
  • Études sur la Russie. La commune ruale, avenir de la Russie . In: La Liberté de penser. Revue démocratique . No. 40 and 43. Paris 1851.
  • Prison contemplations over France . New York 1852.
  • The Sphere and Duties of Government. Translated from the German of Baron Wilhelm von Humboldt by Joseph Coulthard . John Chapman, London 1854. Digitized
  • A German reading book, with notes . George Routledge, London 1857. Digitized
  • About Ossian . In: Archives for the Study of Modern Languages ​​and Literatures . Edited by Ludwig Herrig . Georg Westmann, Braunschweig 1857, pp. 45–80 digitized and pp. 296–402.
  • Austria in 1868. Reprinted from the “English Leader” . Trübner & Co., London 1868.
  • Early German courtesy books. An account of The Italian guest by Thomasin von Zirclaria . In: Early English Text Society Extra ser. No. 8. Nicolaus Trübner in Commission, London 1869. Digitized
  • Karl Bürkli : Direct Legislation by the People, versus representative Government, translated from the original Swiss Pamphlets by Eugene Oswald. Cherry & Fletcher, London 1869.
  • Ch. Cassal , Eug. Oswald: To the People of France and of Germany . London 1870. Leaflet
  • Ch. Cassal, Eug. Oswald: Peuple Alleman! London 1870. Leaflet
  • Ch. Cassal, Eug. Oswald: To the French people !! London 1870. Leaflet
  • AM Thiers , en mission extraordinaire, dans les intérêts de la paix, près la Cour de St. James . (Quatrième édition.). London 1870. Leaflet
  • German Poetry for schools, and the home circle. With English notes, etc. Selected and arranged by Eugene Oswald. TJ Allman, London 1870.
  • To the chairman of the council of the Working Men's College . 1873. Digitized
  • Walter Savage Landor : Men and women of word and deed, brought together in conversation. Selection and translation from the Imagenery Conversations of literary Men and Statesmen by Eugen Oswald von Heidelberg . Ferdinand Schönigh, Paderborn 1878.
  • Hamlet and no end. On the history of the Hamlet drama . In: The magazine for national and international literature . 1881.
  • Thomas Carlyle . A picture of life and grains of gold from his works. Shown, selected, transmitted by Eugen Oswald. W. Friedrich, Leipzig 1882.
  • English literature 1881–1882 . In: Meyer's Konversations-Lexikon. An encyclopedia of general knowledge . Third completely redesigned. Edition, Volume Nineteenth. Annual supplement 1881–1882, Leipzig 1882, pp. 274–278.
  • Positivism in England . (From the April 1884 issue of “Auf der Höhe”). Leipzig 1884.
  • Nora and what happened to the doll's house was . Based on the English of Walter Besant by Eugen Oswald. Kloß, Hamburg 1891.
  • Chamisso . Life poems Faust Schlemihl . In: Publications of the English Goethe Society . Vol. 7.1893, pp. 108-143.
  • The Browning Birthday Book. With an introduction by Eugene Oswald. M. Ward & Co., London 1897.
  • Goethe in England and America. Biography . David Nutt, London 1899. (= Publications of the English Goethe Society Vol. 8)
    • Goethe in England and America. Biography . Ed. by Ella and Lina Oswald. Alexander Moring, London 1909. (= Publications of the English Goethe Society Vol. 10)
  • Goethe commemoration . Edited by Eugene Oswald. London 1900. (= Publications of the English Goethe Society . Vol. 9)
  • The legend of fair Helen as told by Homer , Goethe and others. A study . John Murray, London 1905. Digitized
  • Thomas Carlyle, one more time. (Special print from the archive for the study of modern languages ​​and literatures ). Georg Westermann, Braunschweig 1904.
  • Country and people in England . Compiled by Carl Neubert . Revised by Eugen Oswald. 3. edited Ed. Langenscheidtsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin-Schöneberg 1906. (= Toussaint method. Langenscheidt specialist dictionaries )
  • Reminiscences of a busy life. With illustrations . Alexander Moring, London 1911.

literature

  • Biographical writers' lexicon of the present by Franz Bornmüller with the participation of well-known writers in the field of national literature of all peoples with details of their works. Publisher of the Bibliographic Institute, Leipzig 1882, p 543. Digitalisat (PDF)
  • Oswald, Eugene . In: JM Wheeler: A biographical dictionary of free thinkers of all ages and nations . London 1889.
  • Oswald, Eugene . In: Meyer's Konversations-Lexikon. An encyclopedia of general knowledge . 4. Completely redesigned. Edition seventeenth volume. Supplements and supplements. Register. Leipzig 1890, pp. 632-633. Digitized
  • Oswald, Eugene . In: A Biographical dictionary of modern rationalists . Compiled by Joseph McCabe . Watts & Co., London 1920, column. 570-571. Digitized
  • Friedrich Engels. A biography . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, p. 495 and photography after p. 496 f.
  • Diary of the Paris Commune. Karl Marx Friedrich Engels . Compiled and introduced by Erich Kundel with the assistance of Hans-Dieter Krause, Ruth Stolz and Evelin Barth. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1971.
  • Their names live on through the centuries. Condolences and necrologists on the deaths of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1983, p. 445.
  • Wilhelm Liebknecht . Correspondence with German Social Democrats . Volume I. 1862-1878 . Edited by Georg Eckert . Van Gercum & Comp., Assen 1973, pp. 341-342.
  • Heinrich Gemkow : Final words . In: Contributions to Marx-Engels research 26, Berlin 1989, pp. 62–67.
  • John Lewis Flood: "A Man of Singularly Wide Experience of Affairs". Eugene Oswald (1826-1912) as Writer and Journalist . In: Rudolf Muhs, Peter Alter, Charlotte Jolles (eds.): Exiles and other Germans in Fontanes London . Hans-Dieter Heinz, Stuttgart 1996, p. 77 ff.
  • JFC Harrison: A History of the Working Men's College. 1854-1954 . Routledge, London 2013.
  • Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department III. Volume 30. Friedrich Engels. Correspondence. October 1889 to November 1890 . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2013. ISBN 978-3-05-006024-8 , p. 626. Oswald to Engels November 28, 1890.
  • Rolf Hecker, Angelika Limmroth (ed.): Jenny Marx . The letters . Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-320-02297-6 , p. 456. Oswald to Jenny Marx October 20, 1871.

Web links

Commons : Eugen Oswald  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Frontispiece in Reminiscences of a busy life .
  2. ^ Joseph McCabe, col. 571.
  3. ↑ Portrait in Reminiscences of a busy life , before p. 5.
  4. ↑ Portrait in Reminiscences of a busy life , before p. 10.
  5. ↑ Reminiscences of a busy life , p. 3 ff.
  6. ↑ Karl Bartsch (ed.): Ruperto Carola. 1386-1886. Illustrated festival chronicle of the V. Säcular celebration of the University of Heidelberg . Petters, Heidelberg 1886, p. 200.
  7. ↑ Reminiscences of a busy life , Chapter A Political Prisoner at Mazas , p. 231 ff.
  8. ↑ Bayerisches Volksblatt . No. 235 of September 7, 1850, p. 939. Digitized
  9. ^ Meyer's Konversations-Lexikon. An encyclopedia of general knowledge. 4. Completely redesigned. Edition seventeenth volume. Supplements and supplements. Register. Leipzig 1890, p.?.
  10. ^ "Assistant master at University College School, London". See the title page in A German reading book, with notes . George Routledge, London 1857.
  11. ↑ In every English-language publication he used this spelling of his first name.
  12. ^ Edition Breslau 1851 digitized
  13. ^ Franz Bornmüller.
  14. ↑ Biographical Writer's Lexicon of the Present .
  15. ^ Meyer's Konversations-Lexikon . 1890.
  16. ^ Reminiscences of a busy life . Chapter War of 1870–1871 , p. 383 ff.
  17. ^ "Eugen Oswald, z. Dr. phil. prom. 655. “In: News from the Royal. Society of Sciences and the GA University of Göttingen . Dieterichsche Buchhandlung, Göttingen 1875, p. 28.
  18. ↑ “28) December 2nd. Eugen Oswald from Heidelberg. (On the basis of literary publications) Paragraph “In: Nachrichten von der Königl. Society of Sciences and the GA University of Göttingen . Dieterichsche Buchhandlung, Göttingen 1875, p. 655.
  19. ↑ Reminiscences of a busy life , chapter The Commerçio do Port , p. 493 ff.
  20. ↑ Who is who . 5th edition. 1911, p.
  21. ^ Directory of the staff at the fourth edition of Meyers Konversations = Lexikon. [...] Dr. E. Oswald in London: English literature (contemporaries). First volume, Leipzig 1884, p. 1021.
  22. ^ Reminiscences of a busy life , Chapter Queen Victoria, King Edward's Grandsons . P. 625 ff .; Sarah Bradford : George VI. The Dutiful King . Penguin UK, London 2013, pp.?.
  23. ^ The Letters of Queen Victoria. A Selection From Her Majesty's Correspondence Between the Years 1837 and 1861 . John Murray, London 1908. Digitized .
  24. ^ Reminiscences of a busy life , p. 557.
  25. ↑ There are 28 letters each from Oswald to Marx and Engels as well as 12 letters from Marx and 4 letters from Engels to Oswald.
  26. ↑ Oswald received z. B. the first delivery of “Le Capital”, Paris 1872. (Rolf Hecker, Larisa Mis'kevič: Das Kapital with dedications from Marx and Engels. In: MEGA studies 1994/1. Ed. By the International Marx-Engels- Foundation, Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1994. ISBN 3-320-01826-4 , p. 123.)
  27. ↑ “At times, the language teacher Eugen Oswald was present next to them, an old forty-eight person who took part in the Baden uprising in 1849, an emigrant who had acquired a respected academic position in London. It was he who gave me access to the reading room of the British Museum [...]. He was not a social democrat, but a very reliable democrat, a sort that was never very numerous in the bourgeoisie and was already beginning to gain rarity. He was welcomed by Marx and Engels. ”(P. 18)“ Of the other Germans who lived in London from 1885 to 1889, the aforementioned Dr. Oswald can be seen at Engels. ” Friedrich Engels' correspondence with Karl Kautsky . Edited by Benedikt Kautsky . Danubia-Verlag, Wilhelm Braumüller & Sohn, Vienna, 1955, p. 168.
  28. ↑ "The acquaintance was Dr. Eugen Oswald, a German, who at a young age, after a number of stays in France, made himself at home in London as a refugee and found a position as a teacher in Greenwich. Although he was not a socialist in the Marxian sense, but contented himself with a democratic republicanism, he was friends with Marx and Engels and, in my day, repeatedly participated in the evenings at Engels'. [...] Oswald was pretty much the only German non-social democrat living in England who visited Engels. "( Eduard Bernstein : From the years of my exile. Peoples at home. Memories of a socialist . Berlin 1918 quoted from Hans Magnus Enzensberger (ed.) : Conversations with Marx and Engels . Volume 2. Insel Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1973, p. 628.)
  29. ↑ "Addendum to Engel's Testament" of July 26, 1895: "I determine that all monetary payments that I have made to [...] Eugen Oswald [...] or to any of them without consideration will be regarded as gifts to those concerned, and accordingly I bequeath them to them. "( Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 39, p. 509.)
  30. ^ Reminiscences of a busy life . Chapter New Relations, Charles Grant, Marriage , pp. 333 ff. Here 336.
  31. ^ "I went with my second son Felix to Hamburg" Reminiscences of a busy life , p. 547.
  32. ↑ Frederick Locker: London Lyrics . Chiswickpress, London 1881, p. 96 f. Digitized
  33. ↑ Wolfgang Eckhardt (Ed.): Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bakunin . Selected writings . Volume 3. Karin Kramer, Berlin 1996, p. 32.
  34. ↑ “Still, I have spent no pains to discover the author's sense in all cases, and to give it in simple and unmistakable words; and I would here mention, with grateful acknowledgment, the valuable assistance I have received in this endeavor from my accomplished German friend, Mr. Eugen Oswald: those who are best acquainted with the peculiarities of thought and style which characterize the writer, will be best able to appreciate the importance of such assistance. "SV
  35. ↑ To the French people! To the German people! In: The People's State . Leipzig No. 70 of August 31, 1870. p. 2.
  36. ^ Reprinted in: Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe . Department I. Works · Articles · Drafts. September 1867 to March 1871. (International Workers' Association, History of Ireland, Franco-German War, etc.) . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2009. ISBN 978-3-05-004588-7 , pp. 1052-1055.
  37. ^ Giuliano Campioni: Nietzsche's personal library . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2003, p. 337.
  38. ↑ With a handwritten dedication from Eugen Oswald to Friedrich Engels “Friedrich Engels in old respectful, warm friendship, from Eug. Oswald. London, September 17, 87 ”. (Library of Friedrich Engels). SPD signature "31120". See Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department IV. Volume 32. Akademioe Verlag, Berlin 1999, p. 496 No. 981.
  39. ^ Review by Theodor Fontane in Vossische Zeitung No. 531 of November 13, 1881.
  40. ↑ First printed in Auf der Höhe. International revue . Edited by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch . Greßner & Schramm, Leipzig 1884, pp. 35–52.
  41. ↑ Oswald to Engels 1./2. May 1871, pp. 208-209; Oswald to Marx May 28, 1871, pp. 255-259.
  42. ^ Wilhelm Liebknecht to Oswald. September 14, 1870.
personal data
SURNAME Oswald, Eugene
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Oswald, Eugene
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German journalist, translator and teacher
DATE OF BIRTH October 16, 1826
PLACE OF BIRTH Heidelberg
DATE OF DEATH October 16, 1912
Place of death London