Saalforste
The Bavarian Saalforste , formerly also Salforste , in the Salzburg Pinzgau are part of the Bavarian State Forests . As the only one of the 41 forest operations of the Bavarian State Forests, they are not in Bavaria, but in the state of Salzburg . The forest enterprise employs more than 30 people. In addition to the forest manager , these are forest rangers , administrative employees , forest workers and professional hunters .
geography
The Saalforste are under private law property of the Free State of Bavaria and belong to the national territory of Austria . They consist of some unrelated parts of the area, some of which lie on the border with Bavaria ( Upper Bavarian districts of Berchtesgadener Land and Traunstein ). The state forestry office is located in the listed building at number 20 in the village of Sankt Martin bei Lofer .
The total area of the Saalforste measures 18,508.6 hectares . Of this, 11,158 hectares or 60 percent are covered by forest , of which 6,800 hectares are protective forest . Other relevant area categories are open rock formations , debris fields , alpine lawns , heather and mountain pines - or green alder - crooked wood bushes . Larger areas are still taken up by alpine pastures and extensively used mountain hay meadows .
Most of the rivers and the corresponding properties do not belong to the Saalforsten, but are owned by the Austrian Federal Forests (ÖBF). The exception is the Klausgraben near the Mooswacht ( Hirschbichl ). This explains the low proportion of brooks in the Saalforsten with 6.7 hectares. The only larger standing water is the Dießbach reservoir .
The areas are spread over six municipalities and within 16 cadastral municipalities in Mitterpinzgau (north of Pinzgau ), arranged from north to south:
- Unken, with all three cadastral communities: Gföll, Unken, Reith
- Lofer, with two out of five cadastral communities: Au, Scheffsnoth
- Sankt Martin bei Lofer, with all three cadastral communities: Wildental, Sankt Martin, Obsthurn
- Weißbach, with both cadastral communities: Unterweißbach, Oberweißbach
- Saalfelden am Steinernen Meer, with two out of nine cadastral communities: Lichtenberg and Hohfelden
- Leogang, with two out of six cadastral communities: Pirzbichl, Schwarzleo
Territories
The Saalforste are divided into five areas managed by foresters . By 2007 there were seven. Originally there were only three districts that were oriented towards the main valleys. In addition, the government gazette for the Kingdom of Bavaria wrote in 1829: The hall forests are divided into three main areas, for each of them a district forestry has been established ...:
- the first ... of the Unkenthal has its seat in the village of Unken;
- the second ... in the Saalach Valley is located in the Grubhofe bey Lofer;
- the third ... of the Leogang Valley is based in Saalfelden.
The five districts at a glance:
Map with all coordinates of the districts section : OSM
| District | Number of districts |
Surface a total ( hectare ) |
Forest area (hectares) |
Seat |
Forester as of July 2015 |
Coordinates ( WGS 84 ) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fallck | 13 | 5683.2 | 2803 | Weißbach near Lofer , Hintertal 7 | Christoph Dinger | 47 ° 32 ′ 30 " N , 12 ° 47 ′ 44" E |
| Leogang | 14th | 3552.4 | 2168 | Leogang , Rosental 31 (Wimmgut) | Wolfgang Kux | 47 ° 26 ′ 31 ″ N , 12 ° 45 ′ 55 ″ E |
| St. Martin | 11 | 4645.2 | 2589 | Sankt Martin bei Lofer, Dorf 43 | Georg Poppel | 47 ° 33 ′ 56 " N , 12 ° 42 ′ 34" E |
| Toads 1 | 10 | 2120.1 | 1773 | Unken , Reit 103 | Simon Richter | 47 ° 38 ′ 40 " N , 12 ° 42 ′ 53" E |
| Toads 2 | 22nd | 2507.9 | 1824 | Unken, Netherlands 192 | Stefan Spreng | 47 ° 39 '24 " N , 12 ° 43' 58" E |
| Saalforste total | 70 | 18508.6 | 11158 | Sankt Martin bei Lofer, Dorf 20 | Thomas Zanker Forest Operations Manager |
47 ° 33 '53 " N , 12 ° 42' 39" E |
The Leogang Revier comprises the Leogang Slate Mountains as the southernmost part of the area with 12 districts , northeast of which is the Buchweißbach forest district, partly located in the Steinerne Meer , and the very small forest district Wymhalde and Wetzstein in between .
The Unken 1 district stretches from the western slopes of the Unkenberger Mähder in the east to the Steinplatte in the west.
Districts
The districts are further subdivided into a total of 70 districts, which are identified by a sequential number, but also bear names. Only 67 of today's 70 districts can be found in the Saline Convention, districts 68, 69 and 70, which are among the smallest, were added later. The district 69 Kirchberg contains the house numbers 20, 43 and 206 in the village St. Martin bei Lofer, therefore the seat of the Saalforste, the seat of the Revier St. Martin.
The following table provides an overview of the 70 forest districts within the five districts:
Map with all coordinates of the Districts : OSM section
|
District 18 Rechtschütt is located in the eastern part of the Loferer Steinberge .
Departments
The forest districts are further divided into departments, which are indicated by three digits and also have names. Examples are 23.2 Brunnerkopf and 23.3 Seehorn in District 23 Weißbach, 32.2 Hundbach in District 32 Hundalm, 35.1 Liegershorn and 35.2 Hundhorn in District 35 Wannkrat, 36.5 Almwald, 36.3 Roggenmais and 36.7 Peerhorn in District 36 Schoberweißbach, 45.1 Zwickelseiten in District 45 Pranger, 46.1 Vorderfußtal in District 46 Fußtal, 52.1 Scheiblberg and 52.2 Bannforst in District 52 Scheiblberg, 54.3 Gernfilzen in District 54 Finsterbach and 55.1 Laubenberg in the district of the same name. Some districts such as 66 Roßkaarwald and 67 Steinbach are not further subdivided as they each consist of only one parcel .
history
The Saalforste used to be used to supply the salt works in Bad Reichenhall with firewood and are under the administration of the Bavarian State Forests , an institution under public law of the Free State of Bavaria . With the exception of the area between Mittersill and Gerlospass, they originally extended over large parts of the Pinzgau and the Kitzbühel district . A sufficient supply of the salt works with firewood was a prerequisite for profitable salt production until the conversion to coal in 1911.
The Salzburg goods registers from the period between 790 and 800 give the earliest references to saline forests in the Pinzgau and the wood drift on the Saalach to Reichenhall. From the 11th century, the logging for the Reichenhaller Saline spread further and further up the Saalach and its tributaries. Also in the valleys on the north side of the Hohe Tauern there must have been saltworks forests, which were abandoned as early as the 13th century due to the enormous effort involved in bringing wood. The basis for the Holztrift from the Pinzgau was based on the property of the Reichenhaller Siedherrren in this area, which had belonged to the Archbishop of Salzburg since 1228. It was not until the complete separation of Salzburg from Bavaria in 1328 that the forests actually lay “abroad”. With the nationalization of the salt works by the Bavarian duke around 1500, the private forests finally became state property. The Leukental (Kitzbühel and St. Johann area ) and the Pillerseetal used to be part of the Saalforste. They belonged to Bavaria until 1504 and were lost for saline use after the Kitzbühel court fell to Tyrol. Aware that profitable salt production requires orderly timber management and logistics, one of the first forestry offices in Central Europe was set up in 1509 with a "forest master position". The ownership of the forest areas was clarified for the first time in 1525 by the Mühldorf Treaty and later, in 1781, confirmed again by the Main Saline Treaty . In 1529 the forest book was drawn up , in which the sustainable management of the forest was already prescribed.
In 1805, other areas such as the Glemmtal ( Saalbach-Hinterglemm ) were lost to the Saalforste.
It took a long time until all disputes about the forest area were finally settled: Only long after Salzburg had come to Austria politically in 1816, King Ludwig I of Bavaria was able to secure the forest rights of the Kingdom of Bavaria forever; On March 18, 1829, the Saltworks Convention was agreed, in which the Austrian Emperor granted the neighboring state, in addition to a few other rights, the rights to the forest. "The Saalforste belong to Bavaria for an irrevocable time", says the state treaty with Austria. In view of the difficult state finances, the Bavarian state briefly considered a sale, but then rejected it.
The Saalforste were managed as Bavarian property since the 19th century by the Bavarian forest districts and from 1885 by the new forest offices in St. Martin, Unken and Leogang .
On November 30, 1986, the forest offices were merged to form the Sankt Martin bei Lofer forest office. Since then, the entire Saalforste has been managed by St. Martin bei Lofer. Since the forest management reform of 2005 , which led to the dissolution of all Bavarian forest offices, the forestry company in St. Martin has been managing the Bavarian saalforests.
The administrators since then have been:
- 1986–1986 Chief Forestry Councilor Johann Mayer
- 1987–1992 Forest Director Dr. Siegfried Emberger
- 1992–2011 Forest Director Hans Sleik
- 2011– Forest Director Thomas Zanker
By allowing the use of its land for ski lifts and ski slopes as well as for raw material extraction, the Free State of Bavaria could generate additional income in addition to the timber industry. The extent to which this should be done is controversial in view of the weighing of nature conservation and economic efficiency.
literature
- Johannes Lang : Bavaria in Salzburg. Marginalia on the older history of the Bavarian Hall Forests. In: General Directorate of the Bavarian State Archives and Salzburg State Archives (ed.): From the Salzachkreis to the Euregio. Munich 2006.
- Alexander Wegmaier: Foreign Policy in Federalism. The Bavarian-Austrian Saline Convention of 1957 (= research on state and regional history , Volume 12.) Eos-Verlag, St. Ottilien 2011, ISBN 978-3-8306-7505-1 .
- Heiko Hornung: Salt, wood and curly game. In: Wild, Jagd, Jäger 10/2006, pp. 36–39.
-
NaturLand Salzburg , issue 2, 2004 ( PDF ):
- No sale of the Saalforste . P. 5.
- 175 years of the Saline Convention 1829–2004. Pp. 22-24.
- Forest law regulation in the Bavarian Saalforsten. Pp. 24-29.
- The "Bayerische Saalforstverwaltung" in St. Martin: A Bavarian forest enterprise in the state of Salzburg. Pp. 29-32.
- Nature conservation in the Bavarian Saalforsten. Pp. 32-34.
- Alfred Wolfsteiner: Without wood there is no salt. In: Bayerische Staatszeitung - Unser Bayern , May / June 2018, No. 5/6, pp. 24–27 ( partly online )
Web links
- Saalforste on the website of the Bavarian State Forests
- Map of the Saalforste (PDF)
- Alexander Wegmaier: Saline Convention 1829 and 1957 In: Historisches Lexikon Bayerns (May 26, 2015)
- SAGIS
Individual evidence
- ↑ Agreement between the Republic of Austria and the Free State of Bavaria on the application of the Saline Convention , version dated July 14, 2015 .
- ↑ Bayerische Saalforste: Reorganized for the future. In: Municipality of Weißbach bei Lofer: Municipality newspaper September 2007 ( Memento of the original from July 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 5 (PDF)
- ↑ Government Gazette for the Kingdom of Bavaria , No. 48 of November 23, 1829, columns 867-868
- ↑ Municipality of Unken: Municipality newspaper, issue 1, April 2014 , p. 15 (PDF)
- ↑ Bavarian State Forests: Regional nature conservation concept for the St. Martin Forestry Company , October 2014 (PDF)
- ^ Bavarian State Forests: Company headquarters
- ^ Local history of Leogang: The Bavarian Hall Forests (PDF).
Coordinates: 47 ° 34 ' N , 12 ° 43' E