Cosel Fortress
The Cosel Fortress is a Prussian fortress from the 18th and 19th centuries. It was built around the Upper Silesian town of Cosel on the Oder and is only partially preserved today. It was built in Prussian style instead of an older fortress built by the Habsburgs . The area of the fortress was hardly built on and can still be seen today as a green ring around the city center.
history
Around 1739 the Habsburgs began building a fortress in Cosel, which remained unfinished. In 1741 Cosel was conquered by Prussia. In 1743 a Prussian garrison was stationed there. In 1745, during the Second Silesian War , the Austrians succeeded in retaking the city of Cosel for a few months.
The Prussian King Frederick the Great recognized Cosel's strategic location and had the fortifications expanded from 1746 to 1754.
During the Seven Years War, Austrian forces besieged the fortress for five months in 1758, but were unable to conquer it. In 1783 the Rogauer, Klodnitzer and Kobelwitzer Redouten and the Adler Redoute were built. From 1787 to 1789 the glacis was filled up. In 1789 a flood lock weir was built on the Oder and the artillery armory was built at the garrison church. In 1795 the fortress had 226 guns, 117 of them iron. In 1805 the construction of Fort Friedrich Wilhelm between Klodnitzer and Adler-Redoute began. In 1806 work began on the Montalembert Tower in the fort, which was completed in 1829. On January 23, 1807, the garrison consisted of 67 officers, 4,249 men and 40 horses. During the Napoleonic Wars , French armies and the Bavarian and Württemberg troops allied with them tried to besiege the fortress in 1807. In 1873 the fortress was razed.
List of commanders
- 1745 Johann Georg von Lehmann , major general, commandant
- 1750 Heinrich Günther Gottfried von Bosse , Lieutenant General
- 1753 Christoph Friedrich von Lattorf , lieutenant general
- 1762 Gerhard Alexander von Saß , lieutenant general
- 1790 Karl Anton Dominik von Otto , major general
- 1797 Christian Friedrich von Knebel , major general
- 1802 Karl August von Elster , major general
- 1802 David von Neumann , major general
- 1808 Wilhelm Ludwig von Puttkamer , major general
- 1809 Joseph Friedrich Karl von Klüx , major
- 1809 Karl Gustav von Erichsen , major general
- 1811 Karl Wilhelm Sigismund von Rottenburg , major, 2nd in command, later in command of Colberg and Wesel
- 1812 August Ernst von Kamptz , major general in 1813, 1st in command, later in command of Colberg
- 1813 Friedrich Schuler von Senden , 1st in command, later in command of Breslau and Torgau
- 1817 Heinrich Wilhelm von Weltzien , previously in command of Glatz, Koblenz and Erfurt
- 1825 Karl Friedrich Köhn von Jaski , Colonel, previously in command of Küstrin
- 1828 Friedrich von Bülow , Colonel, previously in command of Küstrin
- 1830 Friedrich Christian von Liebe, Colonel
- 1834 Franz Ludwig von Jeanneret , Colonel
- 1838 Heinrich Anton Alexander von Zur Westen , major general
- 1843 August Ferdinand von Arnauld de la Perière , major general
- 1845 Vinzent von Lupinski , major general
- 1856 Konrad von Puttkamer, major, previously in command of Torgau, later Neisse
- 1857 Friedrich Schimmel , lieutenant colonel, previously in command of Saarbrücken, later Glatz
- 1859 Emil von Kessel , lieutenant colonel / colonel
- 1862 Hermann von Hülsen
- 1866 Albert von Zimmermann , lieutenant colonel, later commander of Saarlouis
- 1870 Heinrich von Eberhardt , major general
literature
- Janusz Bogdanowski: Twierdza Koźle. Problem planu w świetle systemu kleszczowego szkoły staropruskiej i szkoły Arad. Warsaw 1966.
- Grzegorz Bukal: Gerhard Cornelius Walrave i holendersko-pruska fortyfikacja na ziemiach polskich. Warsaw 1995.
- Ryszard Pacułt: Twierdza Kozielska. Kędzierzyn-Koźle 1997.
- Augustin Weltzel : History of the city, rule and fortress Cosel. Digitized
- Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The state forces of the Prussian monarchy under Friedrich Wilhelm III. Volume 3, pp. 196f.
