Filippo Sega

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Filippo Sega

Filippo Sega (born August 22, 1537 in Bologna , † May 29, 1596 in Rome ) was a Catholic bishop and cardinal from 1591 . He served as a papal diplomat in Flanders , Spain , Vienna , Prague and France in several important embassies.

Life

Origin and early years

Sega was born in Bologna on August 22, 1537, into a noble family originally from Ravenna . His sister, Isabella Sega, was the mother of Cardinal Girolamo Agucchi and the diplomat Giovanni Battista Agucchi , who worked under Sega at the beginning of his career.

He studied at the University of Bologna , where he received his doctorate in both rights on September 26, 1560.

After completing his doctorate, he became an apostolic protonotary . On September 20, 1566 he became governor of Cesena ; on January 24, 1569 governor of Forlì ; on March 3, 1571, Governor of Imola , on December 15, 1572, Governor of Romagna and on January 1, 1575, the March of Ancona .

bishop

On May 20, 1575 Sega was by Pope Gregory XIII. raised to the second Bishop of Ripatransone . He was ordained on June 29, 1575 in the Cathedral of Osimo by Gabriele del Monte, Bishop of Iesi . During his stay in Spain on October 3, 1578, he was made bishop of Piacenza .

diplomat

In 1577 Sega was sent as a special envoy to Juan de Austria in the county of Flanders . His mission was to help don Juan pacify the Spanish Netherlands, which were in the possession of the Spanish crown, to stop the advance of Protestantism and to secretly prepare the expedition to conquer England. He was only a few months in Flanders when the papal nuncio of Spain, Niccolò Ormaneto, fell seriously ill and died on February 23, 1577. On July 1, 1577, a dispatch from the papal secretary and nephew of Pope Cardinal Filippo Guastavillani ordered Sega as the new nuncio to Spain, and on July 8, Pope Gregory signed the necessary documents. Numerous matters were pending between the papacy and the King of Spain, not least the election of the new bishops for the dioceses of Toledo and Cuenca. Sega was nuncio in Spain until April 30, 1581. In December 1581 he said goodbye to King Philip in Lisbon.

In the spring of 1582, Bishop Sega was back in his diocese, but on September 20, 1583, he received a letter from Cardinal Guastavillani in which he was called to another mission to Spain. He sailed from Genoa on the 25th and reached Madrid on October 11th. He should bring King Philip II to the league with Venice and the papacy against the Turks and the enterprise of Gregory XIII. revive against England. Furthermore, he was supposed to persuade the king to support Prince Ernst of Bavaria , who had been elected Archbishop of Cologne, but which the schismatic heretic Otto von Truchse and Prince Casimir resisted. On November 24, 1583, Cardinal de Granvelle replied in Spanish : the league was rejected; the king was obliged to join the English expedition, but the circumstances at the time were unfavorable; the Catholics of Cologne were supported by the Prince of Parma as far as his obligations in the Netherlands allowed this, but in any case the Elector Ernst would have to bear the costs, as the King could not. Bishop Sega left the Spanish court at the end of January 1584, but fell ill in Barcelona and did not arrive in Italy until June. He was relieved of the need to travel directly to Rome to report to the Pope.

A new Pope, Sixtus V (Felice Peretti) was elected on April 24, 1585. The program for his papacy included the reform of the clergy of the city of Rome and for this purpose he elected two bishops on July 29, 1585, who enjoyed a reputation as reformers in their own dioceses, Giulio Ottinelli of Castro and Filippo Sega of Piacenza. The mission of the "Monsignori Riformatori" was to carry out an official visit to all churches and monasteries in Rome; every member of the clergy who had any kind of benefit was asked to give an account of themselves. The English, German, Greek and Maronite colleges as well as the Roman seminary and the Lateran basilica were visited. However, Sega's work was interrupted when he was pushed back into the diplomatic service.

He served in Vienna as the nuncio of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II from January 18, 1586 to May 28, 1587. Back in his diocese, he organized and headed a diocesan synod that took place on May 3, 1589 ..

After the murder of Heinrich III. of France on August 2, 1589 through a fanatical monk, Pope Sixtus acted in a flash and appointed an ambassador to the new Catholic King of France, Cardinal Charles de Bourbon (Charles X) , and his league . The new papal legate a latere was Cardinal Enrico Caetani , and he was accompanied by Bishop Filippo Sega with the title “Nuncio”. The legation with more than 200 people left Rome on October 2, 1589. Sega was promoted to legate on April 15, 1592 after Caetani's withdrawal and served until March 12, 1594.

cardinal

In the papal consistory of December 18, 1591 Pope Innocent IX. Bishop Sega as cardinal priest . Sega had received the support of Wilhelm V , Duke of Bavaria. Due to his service in France, he was only assigned a titular church after his return , when he received the cardinal's hat on December 5, 1594 and became cardinal priest of Sant'Onofrio in Rome. He did not take part in the 1592 conclave , which Pope Clement VIII elected.

He became president of the Congregatio Germanica (the committee for German affairs) in the Pontifical Curia in 1595. Exhausted from work and harassment, however, he retired to a villa outside the Porta Pinciana above Trastevere , where he died.

Cardinal Filippo Sega died in Rome on May 29, 1596 and was buried in his titular church, Sant'Onofrio.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The date is calculated from the information on his tombstone that he lived 68 years, 9 months and 8 days and died on May 29, 1596. Forcella, p. 311.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g SEGA, Filippo (1537-1596). In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website ), accessed April 5, 2020.
  3. ↑ Fernández Collado (1991), p. 27.
  4. ↑ Eubel, p. 285 with note 4. As a token of his favor, the provisional letters were issued free of charge. Reichenberger, p. Xxxv.
  5. ↑ Eubel, p. 275.
  6. ↑ Reichenberger, p. Xxxv.
  7. ↑ Fernández Collado, p. 27.
  8. ↑ Fernández Collado, p. 27. Biaudet, p. 277, give June 18, 1577 as the date of death.
  9. ↑ Fernández Collado, pp. 27-28.
  10. ↑ Biaudet, p. 286.
  11. ↑ Gachard, p. 184.
  12. ↑ Gachard, pp. 185-186. Reichenberger, s. xxxvi.
  13. ↑ Gachard, pp. 187-189.
  14. ↑ Fernández Collado, pp. 33-34.
  15. ↑ Sega's report to Sixtus V about the English college was partly in Arnold Oskar Meyer: England and the Catholic Church under Queen Elizabeth . Kegan Paul, London 1916, p. 394-396; 492-519 (Latin). England and the Catholic Church under Queen Elizabeth . openlibrary.org. printed.
  16. ↑ Ludwig von Pastor: History of the Popes since ... Volume 11 . Herder, Freiburg 1932, p. 42-49 ( google.at ).
  17. ↑ Fernández Collado, p. 34. Reichenberger, p. Xxxvii – xxxix. Biaudet, p. 286.
  18. ^ Filippo Sega: Synodus dioecesana sub Dom. Philippo Sega habita anno 1589 Placentiae . Joannes Bazachius, Piacenza 1589, p. 358 (Latin, google.com ).
  19. ↑ Pastor, pp. 329–331, especially p. 330 Note 2. Biaudet, p. 296.
  20. ↑ Reichenberger, p. Xxxvii, note 2.
  21. ↑ Eubel, p. 55; 76. Ordinarily the King of France would have given him the red biretta, but Henry IV was a heretic. Instead, the red biretta and the legate's cross were presented by Cardinal Caetani. Fernández Collado, p. 34.
  22. ↑ Fernández Collado, p. 34.
  23. ↑ Cardella, p. 324.
  24. ↑ Cardella, V, p. 324. Fernández Collado, p. 34. Vincenzo Forcella: Iscrizioni delle chiese e d'altri edificii di Roma dal secolo XI fino ai giorni nostri . tape V. . Cecchini, Roma 1874, p. 311, 866-867 (Latin, google.com ).

literature

  • Henry Biaudet: Les nonciatures apostoliques permanentes jusqu'en 1648 . Suomalainen tiedeakatemia, Helsingfors, Helsinki 1910, p. 286 (French).
  • Lorenzo Cardella: Memorie storiche de 'cardinali della santa Romana chiesa . tape 5 . stamperia Pagliarini, Roma 1793, p. 322-324 (Italian, google.com ).
  • Guilelmus Gulik: Hierarchia catholica . Ed .: Conradus Eubel. 2nd Edition. tape 3 . Libreria Regensbergiana, Münster 1923 (Latin, archive.org ).
  • Angel Fernández Collado: Gregorio XIII y Felipe II en la nunciatura de Felipe Sega (1577-1581): aspectos político, jurisdiccional y de reforma . Estudio Teologico San Ildefonso, Toledo 1991, ISBN 978-84-404-9050-6 , p. 27-34 (Spanish, google.com ).
  • Jesus Florencio del Niño Jesus: Monseñor Sega . In: Mensajero de Santa Teresa . Madrid 1934, p. 278-282 (Spanish).
  • M. Gachard: Une visite aux Archives et à la Bibliothèque royales de Munichy . In: Compte rendu des séances de la Commission Royale d'Histoire ou recueil de ses bulletins . Kiessling, Brussels 1864, p. 25-218 (French, Italian, google.com ).
  • F. Molinari: Il card. Filippo Sega, Vescovo di Piacenza e San Carlo Borromeo (1574-1584). In: Ricerche storiche sulla Chiesa Ambrosiana . tape 6 . Milan 1976, p. 199-201 (Italian).
  • The nunciature at the imperial court: Germanico Malaspina and Filippo Sega . In: Robert Reichenberger (Ed.): Nunciature reports from Germany (1585-1590), second section, first half . Schöningh, Paderborn 1905 (German, Latin, google.com ).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Sega, Filippo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop and Cardinal
DATE OF BIRTH August 22, 1537
PLACE OF BIRTH Bologna
DATE OF DEATH May 29, 1596
Place of death Rome