Conclave 1592

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The 1592 conclave occurred after the death of Pope Innocent IX. († December 30, 1591 ) and met from January 10 to 30, 1592 in Rome . It lasted 20 days and elected Clement VIII as Pope.

College of Cardinals

Innocent IX.
Clement VIII

As Pope Innocent IX. died, the college of cardinals numbered 66 cardinals.

Attendees

The 56 cardinals attending the conclave were:

Cardinals not participating in the conclave

The following ten cardinals could not take part in the conclave:

Cardinal uprisings

The cardinals present in the conclave were elevated to cardinalate by the following popes:

Notes on the Cardinals

  1. ↑ Became Pope in 1605 and took the name Leo XI. on
  2. ↑ Did not join the conclave until January 12, 1592
  3. ↑ Was elected Pope and took the name Clement VIII
  4. ↑ † January 26, 1592 in the conclave

course

The conclave was the fourth papal election in a period of 16 months. The assembled cardinals knew that his age and health are given attention in choosing the next pope had, as the Papal States and the Roman Catholic Church as a whole, were in a critical situation. Among these, Cardinal Santori was considered to have the greatest chance of success, also because he was apparently accepted equally by the various parties. After the death of Cardinal Mendoza on January 8, 1592, just before the beginning of the conclave, the leadership of the Spanish party had passed to Cardinal Madruzzo. If the election of Santori should fail, the Spanish parliamentary group would first propose Cardinal Madruzzo, then Cardinals Galli, Paleotto, Colonna and lastly Ippolito Cardinal Aldobrandini for election. The opposing party was led by the German Cardinal Markus Sittikus von Hohenems. They objected to Cardinal Santori's particular severity as an inquisitor . A third party was led by Cardinal Montalto.

In the morning hours of January 11, 1591, Cardinal Santori was to be elected immediately by acclamation in the Cappella Paolina , but resistance arose from 17 cardinals under the direction of Markus Sittikus von Hohenems. They left the Paolina and went to the Sistine Chapel . Although the 36 cardinals remaining in Paolina could have made a majority decision, the dean of the college, Alfonso Cardinal Gesualdo, prevented this by making a cumbersome determination of attendance. Neither the cardinal dean, nor the master of ceremonies nor the secretary of the college of cardinals succeeded in correctly counting the cardinals present in the Cappella Paolina, which was only lit by a few candles. After three hours, Cardinal Colonna rose and declared that he would never vote for Santori. The Cardinals Madruzzo, Gauli, Montalto, Mattei and Giustiniani tried to reach an understanding in the Sistine Chapel, but were unsuccessful. Thereupon the Cardinals Gesualdo, Madruzzo, Salviati, Caetani, Aldobrandini and Sauli withdrew to the Sala Regia for a consultation and negotiated whether, in the event of an acclamation, Cardinal Santori could vote himself. The canonists' views on this were divided. Cardinal Aldobrandini in particular was against an acclamation that the election could otherwise be challenged by the opposition. His colleagues agreed with this view.

A Holy Spirit Mass had not yet taken place in accordance with church regulations, as the opposition did not want to attend the Cappella Paolina. With the approval of the dean, the opposition celebrated mass in the Capella Sistina separately from the rest of the college, which was extremely unusual and had never happened before. The first vote took place after the Mass. Santori's supporters called for an open election, and Cardinals Sforza, Sfondrato and Aquaviva insisted on a secret ballot. Only Cardinals Sforza and Aquaviva took part in this first vote on the part of the opposition.

Cardinal Montalto tried in the days that followed to enforce Cardinal Santori's candidacy, but this was unsuccessful. The Spaniards tried something similar with Mandruzzo before they gave their vote to Cardinal Aldobrandini. Girolamo Cardinal della Rovere, who still had opportunities for success, died in the conclave on the night of January 25th to 26th. That night Cardinal Aldobrandini offered spiritual comfort to the dying man. On January 29th the Cardinals Montalto and Madruzzo agreed on the candidate Aldobrandini and on January 30th around noon he was elected unanimously.

He took the name of Pope Clement VIII, and with his coronation on February 9, 1592, a sedis vacancy of 41 days ended.

literature

  • Ludwig von Pastor : History of the Popes since the end of the Middle Ages. Eleventh volume: Clement VIII. (1592-1605). 8th, unchanged edition. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1938, pp. 9-18.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Cf. Ludwig von Pastor : History of the Popes since the end of the Middle Ages. Eleventh volume: Clement VIII. (1592-1605). 8th, unchanged edition. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1938, p. 9
  2. ↑ See Ludwig von Pastor: History of the Popes , p. 11
  3. ↑ See Ludwig von Pastor: History of the Popes , p. 12
  4. ↑ a b Cf. Ludwig von Pastor: History of the Popes , p. 13
  5. ↑ See Ludwig von Pastor: History of the Popes , p. 14
  6. ↑ See Ludwig von Pastor: History of the Popes , p. 17
  7. ↑ See Ludwig von Pastor: History of the Popes , p. 17 f.