Conclave 1464
The conclave of 1464 (August 28-30) was convened after the death of Pope Pius II and elected Pietro Barbo as his successor, who took the name Paul II .
The election of Paul II
On the afternoon of August 28, 18 of the 19 cardinals present in Rome entered the conclave in the Apostolic Palace , with the exception of Juan de Torquemada , who was sick and who was able to attend the remaining days.
First the cardinals wrote the apostolic letter to the conclave with points central to the new pope and signed it with the exception of Cardinal Trevisan, the Camerlengo . The statements in the letter were as follows:
- The crusade against the Ottoman Empire continues,
- The Pope may only leave Rome with the consent of the majority of the cardinals and the Italian peninsula only with the consent of all cardinals,
- The college of cardinals is limited to 24 members,
- The Pope may only appoint one cardinal nepot
- The appointment of new cardinals or additional beneficiaries requires the approval of the college of cardinals.
The Cardinals Bessarion , Guillaume d'Estouteville , Ludovico Trevisan , Juan Carvajal , Juan de Torquemada and Pietro Barbo are mentioned as promising candidates in contemporary reports by Italian ambassadors and princes. Also Filippo Calandrini , Bartolomeo Roverella and Angelo Capranica were considered as possible candidates into consideration - a total of almost half of those present.
The first ballot took place on August 30th. Barbo received eleven votes, with the rest going to Trevisan and d'Estouteville. In the following process , Barbo received three additional votes and was thus elected Pope in the second ballot with the required two-thirds majority . He took the name Paul II.
Cardinal Giacomo Ammanati-Piccolomini reports on the choice of the papal name of Cardinal Barbo, who initially wanted to be called Pope "Formosus", but which the cardinals rejected because it alluded to his good looks. He changed his choice to “Markus”, but this was also not approved because “Marco!” Was the war cry of the Republic of Venice . Finally he decided to choose "Paul". Some authors, for example Bourkle-Young, consider this story to be made up.
Shortly after the election, Cardinal Protodeacon Rodrigo Borja announced the end of the conclave to the Roman people using the old formula of Habemus Papam . On September 6, the new Pope was crowned by Cardinal Niccolò Fortiguerra on the steps of the Vatican basilica . Usually the coronation with the tiara was in the hands of the cardinal protodiac, who, however, could not perform the coronation because he was ill after the conclave. Cardinal Fortiguerra, who had only arrived in Rome after the conclave, represented him.
Eligible voters
Pope Pius II died on August 14, 1464 in Ancona while preparing the crusade against the Ottoman Empire after the conquest of Constantinople 11 years earlier. There were 29 cardinals on the day of his death, but only 19 attended the conclave:
Ten cardinals were Italians, four Spaniards, four French and one Greek. Six were by Pius II, six by Eugene IV, four by Callixtus III. and three appointed by Nicholas V.
Ten cardinals, more than a third of the quorum, did not attend this conclave:
cardinal | origin | title | appointed on | by | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pierre de Foix , OFM | France | Bishop of Albano | September 1414 | John XXIII | Legacy in Avignon; Administrator of Lescar and Tarbes |
Peter von Schaumberg | Germany | December 18, 1439 | Eugene IV. | Bishop of Augsburg | |
Dénes Szécsi | Hungary | December 18, 1439 | Eugene IV. | Archbishop of Esztergom | |
Jean Rolin | France | December 20, 1448 | Nicholas V. | Bishop of Autun | |
Luis Juan del Mila y Borja | Catalonia | December 17, 1456 | Calixtus III. ( Cardinal depository ) | Bishop of Lerida | |
Berardo Eroli | Narni | March 5, 1460 | Pius ii | Bishop of Spoleto ; Legat a latere in Perugia | |
Niccolò Fortiguerra | Pistoia | March 5, 1460 | Pius II ( cardinal depository ) | Bishop of Teano ; Commander-in-chief of the papal fleet | |
Burkhard von Weißpriach | Germany | March 5, 1460 | Pius ii | Archbishop of Salzburg | |
Jean Jouffroy , OSBCluny | France | December 18, 1461 | Pius ii | Bishop of Albi | |
Jaime Cardona | Catalonia | December 18, 1461 | Pius ii | Bishop of Urgell |
Among the absent cardinals were four from Pius II, two from Eugene IV and one each from Calixtus III. and Nicholas V. have been appointed. Pierre de Foix was the last surviving cardinal of the Western Schism , he was from the antipope John XXIII. been appointed. Among them were three French, two Italians, two Germans, two Spaniards and one Hungarian.
literature
- Ludwig von Pastor : History of the Popes. Volume 4. London 1900, pp. 5-6 and p. 18.
Web links
- Conclave of August 27-30, 1464. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed January 4, 2019.
- Francis Burkle-Young: Papal elections in the Fifteenth Century. The election of Pope Paul II (1464). on-line