Conclave 1464

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The conclave of 1464 (August 28-30) was convened after the death of Pope Pius II and elected Pietro Barbo as his successor, who took the name Paul II .

The election of Paul II

On the afternoon of August 28, 18 of the 19 cardinals present in Rome entered the conclave in the Apostolic Palace , with the exception of Juan de Torquemada , who was sick and who was able to attend the remaining days.

First the cardinals wrote the apostolic letter to the conclave with points central to the new pope and signed it with the exception of Cardinal Trevisan, the Camerlengo . The statements in the letter were as follows:

  1. The crusade against the Ottoman Empire continues,
  2. The Pope may only leave Rome with the consent of the majority of the cardinals and the Italian peninsula only with the consent of all cardinals,
  3. The college of cardinals is limited to 24 members,
  4. The Pope may only appoint one cardinal nepot
  5. The appointment of new cardinals or additional beneficiaries requires the approval of the college of cardinals.

The Cardinals Bessarion , Guillaume d'Estouteville , Ludovico Trevisan , Juan Carvajal , Juan de Torquemada and Pietro Barbo are mentioned as promising candidates in contemporary reports by Italian ambassadors and princes. Also Filippo Calandrini , Bartolomeo Roverella and Angelo Capranica were considered as possible candidates into consideration - a total of almost half of those present.

The first ballot took place on August 30th. Barbo received eleven votes, with the rest going to Trevisan and d'Estouteville. In the following process , Barbo received three additional votes and was thus elected Pope in the second ballot with the required two-thirds majority . He took the name Paul II.

Cardinal Giacomo Ammanati-Piccolomini reports on the choice of the papal name of Cardinal Barbo, who initially wanted to be called Pope "Formosus", but which the cardinals rejected because it alluded to his good looks. He changed his choice to “Markus”, but this was also not approved because “Marco!” Was the war cry of the Republic of Venice . Finally he decided to choose "Paul". Some authors, for example Bourkle-Young, consider this story to be made up.

Shortly after the election, Cardinal Protodeacon Rodrigo Borja announced the end of the conclave to the Roman people using the old formula of Habemus Papam . On September 6, the new Pope was crowned by Cardinal Niccolò Fortiguerra on the steps of the Vatican basilica . Usually the coronation with the tiara was in the hands of the cardinal protodiac, who, however, could not perform the coronation because he was ill after the conclave. Cardinal Fortiguerra, who had only arrived in Rome after the conclave, represented him.

Eligible voters

Pope Pius II died on August 14, 1464 in Ancona while preparing the crusade against the Ottoman Empire after the conquest of Constantinople 11 years earlier. There were 29 cardinals on the day of his death, but only 19 attended the conclave:

cardinal origin title appointed on by Remarks
Bessarion Empire of Trebizond Bishop of Frascati December 18, 1439 Eugene IV. Cardinal deacon ; Latin Patriarch of Constantinople ; Cardinal Protector of the Franciscan Order and the Dominican Order
Guillaume d'Estouteville , OSB Cluny France Bishop of Ostia and Velletri December 18, 1439 Eugene IV. Archbishop of Rouen ; Administrator of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne; Cardinal Protector of the Augustinian Order
Juan de Torquemada , OP Castile Bishop of Sabina December 18, 1439 Eugene IV. Bishop of Orense
Juan Carvajal Castile Bishop of Porto-Santa Rufina December 16, 1446 Eugene IV. Bishop of Plasencia ; Cardinal Protector of Hungary
Ludovico Trevisan Venice July 1, 1440 Eugene IV. Camerlengo ; Patriarch of Aquileia ; Bishop of Cava
Pietro Barbo (elected Pope Paul II) Venice July 1, 1440 Eugene IV ( cardinal depository ) Bishop of Vicenza
Latino Orsini Rome December 20, 1448 Nicholas V. Administrator of Bari
Alain de Coëtivy France December 20, 1448 Nicholas V. Bishop of Avignon and Administrator of Dol
Filippo Calandrini Bologna December 20, 1448 Nicholas V ( cardinal depository ) Major penalties ; Bishop of Bologna
Juan de Mella Castile December 7, 1456 Calixtus III. Bishop of Zamora
Giacomo Tebaldi Naples December 7, 1456 Calixtus III.
Richard Olivier de Longueil France December 7, 1456 Calixtus III. Bishop of Coutances
Angelo Capranica Rome March 5, 1460 Pius ii Bishop of Rieti
Bartolomeo Roverella Ferrara December 18, 1461 Pius ii Archbishop of Ravenna ; Governor of Benevento
Louis d'Albret France December 18, 1461 Pius ii Bishop of Cahors
Giacomo Ammanati-Piccolomini Siena December 18, 1461 Pius II ( cardinal depository ) Bishop of Pavia ; Camerlengo
Rodrigo Borja Catalonia December 17, 1456 Calixtus III. ( Cardinal depository ) Cardinal protodeacon ; Administrator of Valencia
Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini Siena March 5, 1460 Pius II ( cardinal depository ) Administrator of Siena; Legate in Rome and in the Papal States
Francesco Gonzaga Mantua December 18, 1461 Pius ii Bishop of Brixen

Ten cardinals were Italians, four Spaniards, four French and one Greek. Six were by Pius II, six by Eugene IV, four by Callixtus III. and three appointed by Nicholas V.

Ten cardinals, more than a third of the quorum, did not attend this conclave:

cardinal origin title appointed on by Remarks
Pierre de Foix , OFM France Bishop of Albano September 1414 John XXIII Legacy in Avignon; Administrator of Lescar and Tarbes
Peter von Schaumberg Germany December 18, 1439 Eugene IV. Bishop of Augsburg
Dénes Szécsi Hungary December 18, 1439 Eugene IV. Archbishop of Esztergom
Jean Rolin France December 20, 1448 Nicholas V. Bishop of Autun
Luis Juan del Mila y Borja Catalonia December 17, 1456 Calixtus III. ( Cardinal depository ) Bishop of Lerida
Berardo Eroli Narni March 5, 1460 Pius ii Bishop of Spoleto ; Legat a latere in Perugia
Niccolò Fortiguerra Pistoia March 5, 1460 Pius II ( cardinal depository ) Bishop of Teano ; Commander-in-chief of the papal fleet
Burkhard von Weißpriach Germany March 5, 1460 Pius ii Archbishop of Salzburg
Jean Jouffroy , OSBCluny France December 18, 1461 Pius ii Bishop of Albi
Jaime Cardona Catalonia December 18, 1461 Pius ii Bishop of Urgell

Among the absent cardinals were four from Pius II, two from Eugene IV and one each from Calixtus III. and Nicholas V. have been appointed. Pierre de Foix was the last surviving cardinal of the Western Schism , he was from the antipope John XXIII. been appointed. Among them were three French, two Italians, two Germans, two Spaniards and one Hungarian.

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