Election of the Pope December 1187

The election of the Pope in December 1187 took place on December 19, 1187 after the death of Pope Gregory VIII . It ended with the election of Cardinal Paolo Scolari as Pope, who took the Pope's name Clement III. assumed.

procedure

Pope Gregory VIII died in Pisa on December 17, 1187 after a pontificate of only one month and twenty-seven days. Two days later the cardinals present at his deathbed began electing a successor. It took place in the presence of the Roman consul Leo de Monumento. Cardinal Theobald von Ostia was elected in the first round of elections, but he refused the election. In the second round of elections, Cardinal Paolo Scolari, Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina, was unanimously elected. He accepted the choice and gave himself the name Clemens III. On January 7, 1188, he was solemnly crowned by Cardinal Protodiacon Giacinto Bobone Orsini and returned to Rome in February 1188.

Voters

There were probably 20 cardinals at the death of Gregory VIII. Due to the countersignature of the Papal Bulls in December 1187, only 9 cardinals were in Pisa when Gregory VIII died :

cardinal	nation	Cardinal title	Date creation	Created by	annotation
Paolo Scolari	Rome	Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina	September 21, 1179	Alexander III	Archpriest of Santa Maria Maggiore Elected Pope Clement III.
Theobald von Ostia , OSBCluny	France	Cardinal Bishop of Ostia e Velletri	1184	Lucius III.	Was elected in the conclave but did not accept the election
Laborante de Panormo	Pontormo	Cardinal priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere	September 1173	Alexander III
Melior le Maitre, OSBVall	Pisa	Cardinal priest of Santi Giovanni e Paolo	March 16, 1185	Lucius III.	Camerlengo
Giacinto Bobone Orsini	Rome	Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin	December 22, 1144	Lucius II	Cardinal Protodeacon Future Pope Celestine III. (1191–1198)
Graziano da Pisa	Pisa	Cardinal Deacon of Santi Cosma e Damiano	March 4, 1178	Alexander III
Ottaviano di Paoli	Rome	Cardinal Deacon of Santi Sergio e Bacco	December 18, 1182	Lucius III.	Future Cardinal Bishop of Ostia e Velletri (1189–1206)
Pietro Diana	Piacenza	Cardinal Deacon of San Nicola in Carcere	March 16, 1185	Lucius III.
Radulf Nigellus	probably France	Cardinal Deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro	March 16, 1185	Lucius III.

Five cardinals were received by Pope Lucius III. created, three by Pope Alexander III. and one from Pope Lucius II .

Absent cardinals

It is believed that eleven cardinals were absent from the election.

cardinal	nation	Cardinal title	Date creation	Created by	annotation
Konrad von Wittelsbach	Bavaria	Cardinal Bishop of Sabina and Archbishop of Mainz	December 18, 1165	Alexander III	Cardinal Dean External cardinal
Heinrich von Marcy , OCist	Château de Marcy, France	Cardinal Bishop of Albano	March 1179	Alexander III	Papal legate in Germany
Giovanni Conti da Anagni	Anagni	Cardinal Priest of San Marco	1158/1159	Hadrian IV	Cardinal Protopriest Future Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina (1190–1196)
Ruggiero di San Severino	San Severino	Cardinal Priest of Sant'Eusebio and Archbishop of Benevento	About 1178–1180	Alexander III	External cardinal
William of Blois	France	Cardinal Priest of Santa Sabina and Archbishop of Reims	March 1179	Alexander III	Minister of State in the Kingdom of France External cardinal
Albino, CRSF	Gaeta (?)	Cardinal Priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme	December 18, 1182	Lucius III.	Future Cardinal Bishop of Albano (1189–1197)
Pandolfo	Lucca	Cardinal priest of Santi XII Apostoli	December 18, 1182	Lucius III.
Adelardo Cattaneo	Verona	Cardinal Priest of San Marcello	March 16, 1185	Lucius III.	Future Cardinal Bishop of Verona (1188–1214)
Soffredo	Pistoia	Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Via Lata	December 18, 1182	Lucius III.	Papal legate in France
Bobo	Rome	Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Angelo in Pescheria	December 18, 1182	Lucius III.	Papal legate in France Future Cardinal Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina (1189–1190)
Gerardo	Lucca	Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Adriano	December 18, 1182	Lucius III.	Papal Vicar Cardinal depository Lucius III.
Rolando of Dol	Pisa	Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Portico	March 16, 1185	Lucius III.	Possibly died on the day between the death of Gregory VIII and the papal election

Seven of the absent cardinals were by Lucius III, three by Alexander III. and one created by Hadrian IV.

Individual evidence

1. ^ A. Piazzoni, p. 175
2. ↑ Scolari, Paolo. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website ), accessed June 16, 2019.
3. ^ IS Robinson, pp. 44 and 87; Kartusch, p. 31.
4. ^ Philipp Jaffé: Regesta. , Pp. 528, 535-536
5. ^ IS Robinson, p. 44

swell

• Philipp Jaffé: Regesta pontificum Romanum from condita Ecclesia ad annum after Christum natum MCXCVIII . tape 2 . Leipzig 1888.
• Elfriede Kartusch: The College of Cardinals in the period from 1181–1227 . Vienna 1948.
• Ambrogio Piazzoni: Historia wyboru papieży . Krakow 2003, ISBN 83-7221-648-7 .
• Ian Stuart Robinson: The Papacy, 1073-1198 Continuity and Innovation . Cambridge University Press , New York, ISBN 0-521-26498-7 .