Conclave 1431

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The conclave of 1431 (March 2-3) was convened after the death of Pope Martin V and in the first ballot elected Gabriele Condulmer as his successor, who took on the papal name Eugene IV . It was the first conclave since the end of the Western Shima .

The election of Eugen IV.

The Holy Spirit Mass was celebrated on Tuesday March 1st, 1431 under the direction of Cardinal Giordano Orsini , the Bishop of Albano and prior Cardinalium . On March 2, all the cardinals present in Rome met for the conclave in the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva . On that day the Apostolic Letter to the Conclave was drafted and signed. The apostolic letter contains at least eight clauses, including:

  • Half of the papal income is to be shared with the college of cardinals .
  • No important questions may be decided without the consent of the college.

The first ballot took place on March 3rd and ended with the unanimous election of Cardinal Gabriele Condulmer, who took the Pope's name Eugene IV. On Sunday, March 11, he was solemnly on the steps of the Vatican Basilica by Cardinal Alfonso Carillo of S. Eustachio, the cardinal deacon , crowned .

Eligible voters

Pope Martin V died on February 20, 1431. On that day there were 20 members of the College of Cardinals, but only 18 of them were eligible to vote. 14 of them took part in the conclave.

cardinal origin title Appointed on by Remarks
Giordano Orsini Rome Bishop of Albano June 2, 1405 Innocent VII Cardinal dean ; Major Penalty
Antonio Correr , OCRSA Venice Bishop of Porto-Santa Rufina May 9, 1408 Gregory XII. ( Cardinal depository )
Antonio Panciera Friuli Cardinal Priest of Santa Susanna June 6, 1411 John XXIII Cardinal proto-priests ; Administrator of Frascati
Gabriel Condulmer , OCRSA (Pope as Eugene IV.) Venice Cardinal Priest of San Clemente May 9, 1408 Gregory XII. ( Cardinal depository )
Branda Castiglione Milan Cardinal Priest of San Clemente June 6, 1411 John XXIII
Jean de La Rochetaillée France Cardinal priest of San Lorenzo in Lucina May 24, 1426 Martin V. Administrator of Rouen and Besançon
Louis Aleman , OCRSJ France Cardinal priest of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere May 24, 1426 Martin V. Arles administrator
Antonio Casini Siena Cardinal Priest of San Marcello May 24, 1426 Martin V. Administrator of Grosseto
Juan de Cervantes Castile Cardinal priest of San Pietro in Vincoli May 24, 1426 Martin V. Administrator of Tui (Galicia)
Alfonso Carillo de Albornoz Castile Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Eustachio September 22, 1408 Benedict XIII. Cardinal protodeacon ; Administrator of Osma and Sigüenza
Lucido Conti Rome Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin June 6, 1411 John XXIII Cardinal Protector of the Teutonic Order , Camerlengo
Hugues Lancelot de Lusignan Cyprus Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Adriano al Foro May 24, 1426 Martin V. Administrator of Nicosia
Ardicino della Porta Milan Cardinal Deacon of Santi Cosma e Damiano May 24, 1426 Martin V.
Prospero Colonna Rome Cardinal Deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro May 24, 1426, published November 8, 1430 Martin V. ( cardinal depository )

The Council of Constance confirmed all Cardinals who had been appointed at the time of the schism, including those of (from today's perspective) opposing popes. Seven cardinals were appointed by Martin V, three by John XXIII. (Pisa), two by Gregory XII. (Rome) and one of Benedict XIII. (Avignon)

Four cardinals did not attend the conclave:

cardinal origin title Appointed on by Remarks
Pierre de Foix , OFM France Cardinal priest of Santo Stefano al Monte Celio September 1414 John XXIII Legacy in Avignon; Administrator of Comminges
Niccolò Albergati , O. Carth. Bologna Cardinal Priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme May 24, 1426 Martin V. Administrator of Bologna; Legacy in France
Henry Beaufort England Cardinal priest of Sant'Eusebio May 24, 1426 Martin V. Administrator of Winchester; Legat a latere in England
Giuliano Cesarini Rome Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Angelo in Pescheria May 24, 1426, published November 8, 1430 Martin V. Legacy in Germany

Almost all of the absent cardinals had been appointed by Martin V, with the exception of Pierre de Foix, who was appointed by John XXIII. had been appointed.

Non-voters

Pope Martin V established the custom of appointing cardinals without publishing their names at this time (similar to today's in pectore ). With two of these cardinals, the rites for the investiture were not completed at his death, so that they were not considered as members of the college of cardinals. Both were later confirmed by Eugene IV.

cardinal origin title Appointed on by Remarks
Domingo Ram y Lanaja , OCRSA Catalonia Cardinal priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo May 24, 1426, published November 8, 1430, but without the completion of the investiture Martin V. Administrator of Lerida
Domenico Capranica Capranica Prenestina Cardinal Deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata May 24, 1426, published November 8, 1430, but without the completion of the investiture Martin V. Administrator of Fermo; Governor of Perugia and the Duchy of Spoleto

literature

  • Annales ecclesiastici
  • Augustin Theiner (Ed.), Caesaris SRE Cardinalis Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici Volume 28, Bar-le-Duc 1874, for the year 1431, No. 7, p. 84.
  • Ferdinando Petruccelli della Gattina , Histoire diplomatique des conclaves Volume 1, Paris 1864, pp. 236-252.
  • William Cornwallis Cartwright, On the Constitution of Papal Conclaves , Edinburgh 1878, pp. 125-129.
  • Ferdinand Gregorovius , The History of Rome in the Middle Ages (translation of the 4th German edition, edited by A. Hamilton) Volume 7 Part 1 [Book 13., Chapter 1], London 1900, pp. 22-26.
  • Ludwig von Pastor , History of the Popes (translation by RF Kerr) Volume 1, St. Louis 1906.
  • Peter Partner, The Papal State under Martin V , London 1958.
  • Konrad Eubel : Hierarchia Catholica , Volume I – II, Monasterium 1913–1914
  • Francis Burkle-Young, Papal elections in the Fifteenth Century: the election of Eugenius IV ( online )
  • Sede vacante 1431

Remarks

  1. ↑ Theiner
  2. ↑ Gregorovius assumes that the quoted letter is incomplete