Conclave 1585
The 1585 conclave occurred after the death of Pope Gregory XIII. († April 10, 1585 ) and met from April 21 to 24, 1585 in Rome . It only took three days and elected Sixtus V pope.
College of Cardinals
When Pope Gregory XIII. died, the college of cardinals had 60 members.
Attendees
The 42 cardinals attending the conclave were:
- Alessandro Farnese iuniore , Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and Velletri , Cardinal Dean
- Giacomo Savelli , Cardinal Vicar of Rome , Cardinal Bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina , Cardinal Subdean
- Giovanni Antonio Serbelloni , Cardinal Bishop of Frascati
- Alfonso Gesualdo , Cardinal Bishop of Albano
- Gianfrancesco Gambara , Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina
- Girolamo Simoncelli
- Markus Sittikus von Hohenems , Bishop of Constance
- Luigi d'Este , Archbishop of Auch
- Giovanni Ludovico Madruzzo
- Innico d'Avalos d 'Aragona , OS Iacobis
- Ferdinando de 'Medici
- Marcantonio Colonna seniore
- Tolomeo Gallio
- Prospero Santacroce
- Guido Luca Ferrero
- Guglielmo Sirleto
- Gabriele Paleotti , Archbishop of Bologna
- Michele Bonelli OP
- Antonio Carafa
- Giulio Antonio Santorio
- Pierdonato Cesi
- Charles d'Angennes de Rambouillet , Bishop of Le Mans
- Felice Peretti di Montalto OFMConv
- Girolamo Rusticucci
- Nicolas de Pellevé , Archbishop of Sens
- Gian Girolamo Albani
- Filippo Boncompagni , major penalty
- Filippo Guastavillani , Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
- Andreas of Austria , Bishop of Brixen
- Alessandro Riario , Titular Patriarch of Alexandria
- Pedro de Deza
- Giovanni Vincenzo Gonzaga O.S.Io here.
- Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti de Nucce , Titular Patriarch of Jerusalem
- Giambattista Castagna , legate in Bologna
- Alessandro Ottaviano de 'Medici , Archbishop of Florence
- Giulio Canani , Bishop of Adriatic
- Niccolò Sfondrati , Bishop of Cremona
- Antonmaria Salviati
- Filippo Spinola , Bishop of Nola
- Matthieu Cointerel , Apostolic Datar
- Scipione Lancellotti
- Francesco Sforza
Cardinals not participating in the conclave
The following 18 cardinals could not participate in the conclave:
- Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle , Archbishop of Besançon and Cardinal Bishop of Sabina
- Niccolò Caetani di Sermoneta
- Georges d'Armagnac , administrator of Toulouse
- Charles de Bourbon-Vendôme , Archbishop of Rouen
- Albrecht of Austria
- Louis II. De Lorraine-Guise , Archbishop of Reims
- Charles II. De Lorraine-Vaudémont , administrator of Toul and Verdun
- Gaspar de Quiroga y Vela , Archbishop of Toledo
- Rodrigo de Castro Osorio , Archbishop of Seville
- François de Joyeuse , Archbishop of Narbonne
- Michele Della Torre , Bishop of Ceneda
- Agostino Valier , Bishop of Verona
- Vincenzo Lauro , Bishop of Mondovi
- Alberto Bolognetti , Bishop of Massa Marittima
- Jerzy Radziwill , Bishop of Vilnius
- Simeone Tagliavia d'Aragonia
- Charles de Bourbon de Vendôme , Coadjutor Archbishop of Rouen
- Andreas Báthory , Bishop of Warmia
Cardinal uprisings
The cardinals present in the conclave were elevated to cardinalate by the following popes:
- 16 cardinals of Pope Gregory XIII.
- 9 cardinals of Pope Pius V.
- 14 cardinals of Pope Pius IV
- 1 cardinal of Pope Julius III.
- 2 cardinals of Pope Paul III.
Notes on the Cardinals
- ↑ Was elected Pope and took the name Sixtus V.
- ↑ Was elected Pope in 1591 and took the name Innocent IX. on
- ↑ Was elected Pope in 1605 and took the name Leo XI. on
- ↑ Was elected Pope in 1590 and took the name Gregory XIV
course
After the death of Gregory XIII. was the first task of the cardinals to ensure peace and order in the Papal States and in the city of Rome during the Sedis vacancy . Gangs raged around Rome and in the city itself, and during the first confusion after the Pope's death, numerous prisoners escaped from the city's dungeons, including some of the 36 who should have been executed before Easter; others could be moved to Castel Sant'Angelo in good time . The College of Cardinals had more than 2,000 foot soldiers and four companies of light riders under the command of the Duke of Sora, Giacomo Boncompagni , and 1,200 foot soldiers from Monsignor Ghislieri to secure the Tiber city and the Papal States.
Among the 42 participants in the conclave were Markus Sittikus von Hohenems, Giovanni Ludovico Madruzzo and Andreas von Austria, three Germans. The Holy Spirit Mass was held in St. Peter's Basilica on Easter Sunday, April 21, 1585 , and the conclave began that same evening. Cardinals Ferdinando de 'Medici, brother of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Alessandro Farnese, dean of the Holy College, were initially considered promising candidates . Due to special circumstances, there was no political influence: The instructions of King Philip II of Spain were delayed until the conclave had already ended, and Emperor Rudolf II also showed little interest in political intervention. In this election of the Pope, ecclesiastical and religious interests played a role.
In the course of the conclave, the names of the cardinals Sirleto, Paleotto and Santacroce were also discussed. After some back and forth, Cardinal Montalto was acclaimed Pope on April 24, 1585, and this was confirmed in a vote among the cardinals.
He took the name Sixtus V to commemorate his predecessor Sixtus IV , who also came from a Franciscan order . His coronation on May 1, 1585 ended a sedis vacancy of 21 days.
literature
- Ludwig von Pastor : History of the Popes since the end of the Middle Ages. Volume 10: Sixtus V, Urban VII, Gregory XIV and Innocent IX. (1585–1591) 9th, unchanged edition, Verlag Herder, Freiburg and Rome 1958, pp. 11–22.
Web links
- Conclave of April 21 to 24, 1585. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed May 17, 2017.
- Entry for Conclave 1585 on catholic-hierarchy.org , viewed May 17, 2017
- Conclave of April 21-24, 1585 on the election of Pope Sixtus V. In: Vaticanhistory. March 28, 2005. Retrieved May 17, 2017 .