Pope election 1261
The papal election of 1261 (May 26th - August 29th) took place after the death of Alexander IV on May 25th; the cardinals opted for the French Jacques Pantaléon, until then Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem and not a cardinal. The new Pope chose the name Urban IV. Since Pope Alexander had lived in Viterbo since the first week of May 1261 , the meeting of the cardinals to elect his successor took place in the Episcopal Palace of Viterbo, which was next to the Cathedral of San Lorenzo . The actual date of the start of the electoral assembly (no conclave has yet been reached ) is unknown. If the canon of Pope Boniface III. (A.D. 607) was still in force (and there is no reason to believe that it was not), the election could not begin until the third day after the Pope's funeral.
background
Alexander IV had unwisely continued the policy of hostility against the Hohenstaufen , which was led by Pope Gregory IX. had started. From 1254 to 1258 Konradin was King of Sicily , who was then ousted by his uncle and guardian Manfred . This did not correspond to the ideas of Pope Alexander, who claimed sovereignty over southern Italy and Sicily and the guardianship of the young Konradin. Immediately after his accession to the throne (Manfred crowned himself on August 10, 1258 in Palermo ) , Alexander excommunicated Manfred.
Cardinals
Pope Alexander IV (1254–1261), who had opposed the indictment of nepotism against his predecessor Innocent IV , had not appointed cardinals. Two cardinals besides Alexander himself had died since the last election in 1254 ( Gil Torres and Guglielmo Fieschi ); otherwise the voters were equal.
Remarks
- ↑ Cristofori, pp. 217–275, and on Alexander IV's grave, pp. 277–285.
- ↑ Liber Pontificalis , in Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptorum Volume 5 (Hanover: Impensiis Bibliopolae Aulici Hanniani, 1844), p. 164 (edition by Theodor Mommsen )
- ↑ Annales Sancti Justinae Patavini in Georg Heinrich Pertz (eds.), Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptorum Volume 19, pp 181: Iste toto tempore sui regiminis nullum constituit cardinalem; nam cum quidam de cardinalibus edificare Syon in sanguinibus affectaret, quidam vero vellent viros ydoneos doctorate, ipse licet haberet plenitudinem potestatis, timore tamen scandali neutram partem voluit exaudire . JP Adams, Sede Vacante of 1261 online
literature
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- Edouard Jordan, Les registres de Clement IV, recueils des bulles de ce pape (Paris: Fontemoing 1893).
- Gregorius, Dean of Bayeux, Thierry Vaucouleurs, Vita Urbani Papae Quarti a Gregorio Decano Ecclesiae Bajocassium et a Theodorico Vallicolore scripta (created by A. Assier) (Troyes 1854).
- Alexis F. Artaud de Montor, The Lives and Times of the Popes , Volume 3 (New York 1910), pp. 134-160.
- Cardinal Cesare Baronius , Augustin Theiner (ed.), Caesaris SRE Cardinalis Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici 21 (Bar-le-Duc 1870).
- Simonetta Cerrini, "Urbano IV", Enciclopedia dei Papi (2000) ( Urbano IV Treccani on-line )
- Francesco Cristofori, Le tombe dei papi in Viterbo (Siena 1887).
- Étienne Georges, Histoire de Pape Urbain IV et de son temps, 1185-1264 (Arcis-sur-Aube 1866).
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- Ferdinand Gregorovius , History of Rome in the Middle Ages , Volume 5, Part 2, revised 2nd Edition (London: George Bell, 1906) Book 10, Chapter 1, pp. 335-358.
- Karl Hampe , "Urban IV and Manfred (1261-1264)", (Heidelberg: Carl Winter 1905).
- August Karst, History of Manfred from the death of Frederick II to his coronation (1250-1258) (Berlin: E. Ebering 1897).
- Guido Levi, "Il Cardinale Ottaviano degli Ubaldini, secondo il suo carteggio ed altri documenti," Archivio della Società Romana di storia patria 14 (1891), pp. 231-303.
- Horace K. Mann, The lives of the popes in the early Middle Ages , Volume 14 (1928).
- J. Maubach, The Cardinals and their Politics around the Middle of the XIII. Century (Bonn 1902).
- Edmund Miller, Konradin von Hohenstaufen (Berlin 1897).
- Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, Cardinali di curia e "familiae" cardinaliste, dal 1227 al 1254 , volume 2 (Padua 1972).
- Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, "Gregorio da Napoli, biografo di Urbano IV," Römische Historische Mitteilungen 11 (1969), pp. 59-78.
- Enrico Pispisa, Il regno di Manfredi. Proposte di interpretazione (Messina 1991).
- JB Sägmüller, activity and position of the cardinals up to Pope Boniface VIII (Freiburg i.Br .: Herder 1896).
- Salvatore Sibilia, Alessandro IV (1254-1261) (Anagni 1961).
- Franz Tenckhoff, Pope Alexander IV (Paderborn 1907).
- Giovanni Villani , Cronica di Giovanni Villani (edited by FG Dragomani) Volume 1 (Florence 1844)