Conclave January 1276

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The conclave of January 1276 (January 21-22) was the first papal election that was held according to the rules of the Constitution Ubi periculum of 1274, with which Pope Gregory X. had established the papal conclave . According to the Ubi periculum , cardinals should retreat to an enclosed area for voting in which not even separate rooms were allowed. No cardinal was allowed to have more than one servant unless he was sick. Food should be delivered through a window; after three days of the conclave the cardinals were to receive only one meal a day, after five days only water and bread. During the conclave, no cardinal should receive any ecclesiastical income. These provisions were regularly disregarded at the Cardinals' discretion, particularly the requirement to be out of contact with the outside world.

Election of Innocent V.

Although several times previously papal elections were described in circumstances similar to those of "Ubi periculum" (for example, during the papal election of 1241, cardinals had been included by Senator Matteo Rosso Orsini , who gradually reduced the food rations for them), became the first Times this situation formally required by the papal constitution. For this reason, the conclave of January 1276 can be regarded as the first papal conclave in history in the strict legal sense of the word.

On January 20th, ten days after the death of Gregory X, 15 cardinals gathered in the episcopal palace of Arezzo. In the first ballot on the following day they unanimously elected the French Cardinal Pierre de Tarantaise, Bishop of Ostia and Velletri, as the new Pope; he took the name Innocent V. He was the first Pope from the Dominican order .

Eligible voters

Pope Gregory XI. died on January 10, 1276 in Arezzo . At the time of his death there were likely 15 cardinals in the college of cardinals , but only 13 of them attended the subsequent conclave. Seven of them had been appointed by Urban IV , four by Gregory X and one by Gregory XI.

cardinal Cardinal title Appointed on by Other ecclesiastical titles Remarks
Pierre de Tarentaise , OP Bishop of Ostia and Velletri June 3, 1273 Gregor X. Major Penalty Pope Innocent V
João Pedro Julião Bishop of Frascati June 3, 1273 Gregor X. later Pope John XXI.
Vicedomino de Vicedominis (Guglielmo Visconti) Bishop of Palestrina June 3, 1273 Gregor X. Nephew of Gregor X.
Bertrand de Saint-Martin , OSB Bishop of Sabina June 3, 1273 Gregor X.
Simone Paltanieri Cardinal priest of Santi Silvestro e Martino ai Monti December 17, 1261 Urban IV. Cardinal Protopriest
Anchero Pantaleone Cardinal Priest of Santa Prassede May 1262 Urban IV.
Guillaume de Bray Cardinal Priest of San Marco May 1262 Urban IV.
Riccardo Annibaldi Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Angelo in Pescheria 1238 Gregory IX. Cardinal protodeacon ; Cardinal Protector of the Augustinian Order Nephew of Innocent III.
Ottobono Fieschi Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Adriano al Foro December 1251 Innocent IV. later Pope Hadrian V
Uberto Coconati Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Eustachio December 17, 1261 Urban IV.
Giacomo Savelli Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin December 17, 1261 Urban IV. later Pope Honorius IV.
Goffredo da Alatri Cardinal Deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro December 17, 1261 Urban IV.
Matteo Rubeo Orsini Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Portico May 1262 Urban IV. Nephew of Pope Nicholas III, son of Senator
Matteo Rosso Orsini (see above)

Two cardinals did not attend the conclave; one had been appointed by Urban IV, one by Innocent IV.

cardinal Cardinal title Appointed on by Other ecclesiastical titles Remarks
Simon Monpitie de Brie Cardinal priest of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere December 17, 1261 Urban IV. Papal legacy in France later Pope Martin IV.
Giovanni Gaetano Orsini Cardinal Deacon of San Nicola in Carcere May 28, 1244 Innocent IV. Inquisitor General; Cardinal Protector of the Franciscan Order later Pope Nicholas III.

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