Conclave 1878
The conclave of 1878 met from February 18 to 20, 1878 . It had become necessary because Pope Pius IX. after the longest pontificate in history (1846–1878) died on February 7, 1878. In the third ballot, Vincenzo Gioacchino Pecci was named Pope Leo XIII. elected.
course
The conclave came eleven days after the death of Pius IX. together. It was the third conclave after 1513 and 1523 that took place in the Sistine Chapel . Since this conclave, the cardinals have always met in the Sistine Chapel. In the third ballot on February 20, the Camerlengo Vincenzo Gioacchino Pecci was elected Pope with 44 votes. Before the conclave he was not a papabili because he was 68 years old and the Camerlengo is almost never elected Pope.
First ballot
Cardinal Pecci had the highest number of votes in the first ballot, while the favorites Alessandro Franchi and Luigi Bilio were clearly inferior.
Vincenzo Gioacchino Pecci: 19 votes
Luigi Bilio: 6 votes
Alessandro Franchi: 4 votes
Second ballot
Also in the next ballot, Pecci was clearly ahead of the favored cardinals of the Curia.
Vincenzo Gioacchino Pecci: 26 votes
Luigi Bilio: 7 votes
Alessandro Franchi: 2 votes
Third ballot
In the third ballot, Pecci achieved the necessary two-thirds majority with 44 votes (= 72.13%) and was thus elected Pope. He took the Pope's name Leo XIII. on.
Cardinals
After the death of Pius IX. there were 64 cardinals. 61 attended the conclave. Of the participants, 4 were still from Pope Gregory XVI. (1831–1846), the remaining 57 by Pius IX. All 61 participating cardinals were Europeans. The only non-European cardinal ( John McCloskey ) did not arrive in Rome until Leo XIII. has already been elected.
Attendees
- Italy : Luigi Amat di San Filippo e Sorso , Cardinal Dean
- Italy : Camillo Di Pietro , Cardinal Subdean
- Italy : Carlo Sacconi
- Italy : Vincenzo Gioacchino Pecci , Bishop of Perugia , Camerlengo (elected to Leo XIII)
- Italy : Giovanni Simeoni , State Secretary Pius IX.
- Italy : Filippo Maria Guidi
- Italy : Luigi Bilio , cardinal major penitentiary
- Italy : Carlo Luigi Morichini
- Austria-Hungary : Friedrich Johannes Jacob Cölestin von Schwarzenberg , Archbishop of Prague , cardinal proto-priest
- Italy : Fabio Maria Asquini
- Italy : Domenico Carafa della Spina , Archbishop of Benevento
- France : François-Auguste-Ferdinand Donnet , Archbishop of Bordeaux
- Italy : Antonio Benedetto Antonucci , Archbishop of Ancona
- Italy : Antonio Maria Panebianco
- Italy : Antonino De Luca , Prefect of the Index Congregation
- France : Jean-Baptiste Pitra
- France : Henri-Marie-Gaston Boisnormand de Bonnechose , Archbishop of Rouen
- German Empire : Gustav Adolf zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
- France : Lucien-Louis-Joseph-Napoleon Bonaparte
- Italy : Innocenzo Ferrieri
- Italy : Giuseppe Berardi
- Italy : Raffaele Monaco La Valletta
- Spain : Juan de la Cruz Ignacio Moreno y Maisonave , Archbishop of Toledo
- Portugal : Inácio do Nascimento de Morais Cardoso , Patriarch of Lisbon
- France : René-François Régnier
- Italy : Flavio Chigi
- Italy : Alessandro Franchi , Prefect of the Congregation De Propaganda Fide
- France : Joseph Hippolyte Guibert , Archbishop of Paris
- Italy : Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano
- Austria-Hungary : János Simor , Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest
- Italy : Tommaso Maria Martinelli
- Italy : Ruggero Luigi Emidio Antici Mattei
- Italy : Pietro Gianelli
- German Empire : Mieczysław Halka Ledóchowski
- United Kingdom : Henry Edward Manning , Archbishop of Westminster
- Belgium : Victor-Augustin-Isidore Dechamps
- Italy : Domenico Bartolini
- Italy : Bartolomeo d'Avanzo
- Austria-Hungary : Johannes Baptist Franzelin
- Spain : Francisco de Paula Benavides y Navarrete
- Italy : Francesco Saverio Apuzzo , Archbishop of Capua
- Spain : Manuel García Gil , Archbishop of Saragossa
- United Kingdom : Edward Henry Howard
- Spain : Miguel Payá y Rico , Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela
- France : Louis-Marie-Joseph-Eusèbe Caverot , Archbishop of Lyon
- Italy : Luigi di Canossa
- Italy : Luigi Serafini , Bishop of Viterbo
- Austria-Hungary : Josip Mihalović , Archbishop of Zagreb
- Austria-Hungary : Johann Rudolf Kutschker , Archbishop of Vienna
- Italy : Lucido Maria Parocchi , Archbishop of Bologna
- Italy : Vincenzo Moretti
- Italy : Antonio Pellegrini
- Italy : Prospero Caterini , Cardinal Protodeacon
- Italy : Theodulf Mertel
- Italy : Domenico Consolini
- Italy : Edoardo Borromeo
- Italy : Lorenzo Ilarione Randi
- Italy : Bartolomeo Pacca
- Italy : Lorenzo Nina
- Italy : Enea Sbarretti
- France : Frédéric de Falloux du Coudray
Absent or late cardinals
Three cardinals arrived late at the conclave or were unable to attend:
- France : Geoffroy Brossais Saint-Marc , Archbishop of Rennes (did not attend due to illness)
- Ireland : Paul Cullen , Archbishop of Dublin (appeared late)
- United States : John McCloskey , Archbishop of New York (appeared late)
See also
Web links
- Leo XIII - Pontiff of a New Era. In: L'Osservatore Romano . April 6, 1978, p. 2 , accessed February 14, 2016 (English).
- Conclave 1878. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed February 14, 2016.
- Conclave Chronology. (No longer available online.) Vatican History, archived from the original on April 13, 2014 ; accessed on February 14, 2016 .