Conclave October 1978
The October 1978 conclave took place in Rome from October 14 to October 16, 1978 . In the conclave , Cardinal Karol Wojtyła from Krakow was elected as Pope John Paul II . It took two days and eight ballots for his election before the new Pope appeared for the first time on the loggia of St. Peter's Basilica on the evening of October 16 at around 7:00 p.m. CET .
Coat of arms of the Holy See for the vacancy of the Sedis (Camerlengo Jean-Marie Cardinal Villot )
The conclave had become necessary because Pope John Paul I had died after only 33 days in office. Wojtyła was considered an outsider. The favorites in the first round of voting were the two Italian cardinals Giuseppe Siri for the conservative wing and the Archbishop of Florence, Giovanni Benelli , for the more liberal wing.
Both candidates faced a stalemate. No one was able to achieve the two-thirds majority required. The Viennese Cardinal Franz König finally brought up a candidate from Eastern Europe. From the sixth ballot, the number of votes for Wojtyła is said to have skyrocketed when the non-Italians among the cardinals focused on him as a favorite.
During the enthronement of the new Pope, Cardinal Wyszyński is said to have said to Pope John Paul II: "You are called to this and you will steadfastly lead the Church into the new millennium".
According to the pope biographer Andreas Englisch , who accompanied John Paul II for a few years, Wojtyła appeared just in time for the election in which he himself was elected Pope.
During the vacancy after the death of Pope John Paul I from September 28, 1978 to October 16, 1978, the above-mentioned offices were held by the following persons:
- Camerlengo : Jean-Marie Cardinal Villot
- Cardinal Dean : Carlo Cardinal Confalonieri
- Sub- Dean of the College of Cardinals : Cardinal Paolo Marella
- Highest electoral Cardinal Bishop : Jean-Marie Villot
- Papal Master of Ceremonies : Archbishop Virgilio Noè
- Cardinal Vicar for the Diocese of Rome: Ugo Cardinal Poletti
- Almsman of His Holiness : Archbishop Antonio Maria Travia
- Archpriest of the Vatican Basilica: Paolo Cardinal Marella
Attendees
111 cardinals took part in the election:
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Bernard Jan Alfrink ( Netherlands )
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Luis Aponte Martínez ( Puerto Rico )
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Juan Carlos Aramburu ( Argentina )
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Paulo Evaristo Arns OFM ( Brazil )
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Corrado Bafile ( Italy )
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Sebastiano Baggio ( Italy )
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William Wakefield Baum ( United States )
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Giovanni Benelli ( Italy )
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Alfred Bengsch ( German Democratic Republic / FR Germany / Berlin )
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Octavio Antonio Beras Rojas ( Dominican Republic )
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Paolo Bertoli ( Italy )
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José María Bueno y Monreal ( Spain )
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John Carberry ( United States )
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Francesco Carpino ( Italy )
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Mario Casariego CRS ( Spain )
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Mario Luigi Ciappi ( Italy )
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John Cody ( United States )
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Giovanni Colombo ( Italy )
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Terence Cooke ( United States )
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Thomas Cooray OMI ( Sri Lanka )
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Joseph Cordeiro ( Pakistan )
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Justinus Darmojuwono ( Indonesia )
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John Francis Dearden ( United States )
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Maximilien de Fürstenberg ( Belgium )
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Reginald John Delargey ( New Zealand )
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Léon-Etienne Duval ( Algeria )
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Dominic Ignatius Ekandem ( Nigeria )
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Vicente Enrique y Tarancón ( Spain )
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Pericle Felici ( Italy ), ( Cardinal Protodiacon )
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George Bernard Flahiff CSB ( Canada )
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Ermenegildo Florit ( Italy )
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James Darcy Freeman ( Australia )
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Bernardin Gantin ( Benin )
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Gabriel-Marie Garrone ( France )
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Marcelo González Martín ( Spain )
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Paul Gouyon ( France )
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Gordon Gray ( United Kingdom )
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Sergio Guerri ( Italy )
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Louis-Jean Guyot ( France )
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Joseph Höffner ( Federal Republic of Germany )
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George Basil Hume ( United Kingdom )
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Narciso Jubany Arnau ( Spain )
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Stephen Kim Sou-hwan ( South Korea )
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James Robert Knox ( Australia )
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Franz König ( Austria )
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John Joseph Krol ( United States )
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Juan Landázuri Ricketts OFM ( Peru )
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Paul-Émile Léger ( Canada )
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László Lékai ( Hungary )
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Aloísio Lorscheider ( Brazil )
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Joseph-Albert Malula ( Zaire )
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Timothy Manning ( United States )
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François Marty ( France )
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Josef Clemens Maurer CSsR ( Bolivia / FR Germany )
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Owen McCann ( South Africa )
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Humberto Sousa Medeiros ( United States )
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Umberto Mozzoni ( Italy )
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Aníbal Muñoz Duque ( Colombia )
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Pablo Muñoz Vega ( Ecuador )
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Mario Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano ( Italy )
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Emmanuel Kiwanuka Nsubuga ( Uganda )
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Silvio Angelo Pio Oddi ( Italy )
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Maurice Michael Otunga ( Kenya )
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Pietro Palazzini ( Italy )
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Salvatore Pappalardo ( Italy )
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Joseph Parecattil ( India )
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Giuseppe Paupini ( Italy )
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Michele Pellegrino ( Italy )
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Paul-Pierre Philippe OP ( France )
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Lawrence Trevor Picachy ( India )
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Sergio Pignedoli ( Italy )
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Eduardo Francisco Pironio ( Argentina )
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Ugo Poletti ( Italy )
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Antonio Poma ( Italy )
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Raúl Francisco Primatesta ( Argentina )
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José Humberto Quintero Parra ( Venezuela )
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Joseph Ratzinger ( Federal Republic of Germany )
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Victor Razafimahatratra ( Madagascar )
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Alexandre-Charles Renard ( France )
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António Ribeiro ( Portugal )
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Julio Rosales y Ras ( Philippines )
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Agnelo Rossi ( Brazil )
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Opilio Rossi ( Italy )
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Maurice Roy ( Canada )
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Laurean Rugambwa ( Tanzania )
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José Salazar López ( Mexico )
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Eugênio de Araújo Sales ( Brazil )
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Antonio Samorè ( Italy )
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Alfredo Vicente Scherer ( Brazil )
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Joseph Schröffer ( Federal Republic of Germany )
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Giuseppe Maria Sensi ( Italy )
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Franjo Šeper ( Yugoslavia )
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Stephanos I Sidarouss ( Egypt )
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Raúl Silva Henríquez ( Chile )
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Jaime Lachica Sin ( Philippines )
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Giuseppe Siri ( Italy )
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Léon-Joseph Suenens ( Belgium )
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Pio Taofinu'u ( Western Samoa )
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Hyacinthe Thiandoum ( Senegal )
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František Tomášek ( Czechoslovakia )
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Joseph-Marie Trinh-Nhu-Khuê ( Vietnam )
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Corrado Ursi ( Italy )
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Egidio Vagnozzi ( Italy )
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Avelar Brandão Vilela ( Brazil )
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Jean-Marie Villot ( France )
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Hermann Volk ( Federal Republic of Germany )
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Johannes Willebrands ( Netherlands )
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Karol Wojtyła ( Poland ) (elected to John Paul II)
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John Joseph Wright ( United States )
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Stefan Wyszyński ( Poland )
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Paul Zoungrana M. Afr. ( Upper Volta )
The Polish Curia Cardinal Bolesław Filipiak did not take part due to illness, he died on the day the election began. Another 15 cardinals were no longer eligible to vote due to their age. This was the first conclave in which cardinals from Europe were in the minority. Compared to the First Conclave in August 1978 , only the American Curia Cardinal John Joseph Wright was new, who was absent from the election of John Paul I due to illness.
Wojtyła was previously largely unknown in Italy. The Archbishop of Guatemala , Mario Casariego should, even - as reported by an anecdote - only after the unknown Cardinal Bottiglia asked. He confused the similar sounding Wojtyła with the Italian word for bottle .
swell
- Conclave of October 14-16, 1978 (John Paul II). In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed July 17, 2015.
- c1978b .html entry for October 1978 conclave on catholic-hierarchy.org ; Retrieved July 17, 2015.