Election of the Pope 1144

Pope Lucius II

The papal election in 1144 took place after the death of Pope Coelestin II and ended with the election of Gerardo Caccianemici as Pope Lucius II.

Election process

The papal election took place in Rome on March 8, 1144, immediately after the death of Pope Celestine II, after only five months of pontificate, and ended the following day. The election took place in the shadow of a revolution for the secular rule of the city of Rome. Celestine II never gained full control of the city. He also had to counter the demands of King Roger II of Sicily . This problem persisted because he refused to confirm the privileges confirmed by Innocent II.

The cardinals present in Rome elected Cardinal Gerardo Caccianemici, Cardinal Priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and former Canon Regular of San Frediano di Lucca . The place and date of the election are not recorded. Since the elected Chancellor of the Holy See and a close collaborator of Innocent II and Celestine II, the cardinals wanted the policy of closeness to the emperor and the fight against King Roger II to be continued. The elected took the name Lucius II and received on March 12, 1144 the episcopal ordination of Alberic de Beauvais , the bishop of Ostia.

Cardinals

The college of cardinals in March 1144 consisted of thirty-nine cardinals. Based on the signatures on the papal bull 1144 and the data available on the mission of the cardinals, no more than thirty-six participated in the election:

cardinal	Cardinal title	Created	Created by	Remarks
Corrado Demetri della Suburra	Cardinal Bishop of Sabina	1113/14	Paschal II.	Dean of the Holy College Future Pope Anastasius IV (1153–1154)
Theodwin , OSB	Cardinal Bishop of Santa Rufina	circa 1133	Innocent II
Alberic de Beauvais , OSBCluny	Cardinal Bishop of Ostia	April 3, 1138	Innocent II
Étienne de Châlons, OCist	Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina	February 21, 1141	Innocent II
Imar , OSBCluny	Cardinal Bishop of Tusculum	March 13, 1142	Innocent II
Pietro	Cardinal Bishop of Albano	September 17, 1143	Innocent II
Gerardo Caccianemici , CanReg	Cardinal Priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme	March 9, 1123	Calixt II.	Cardinal Protopriest Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church Elected Pope Lucius II.
Guido Florentinus	Cardinal Priest of San Crisogono	1139	Innocent II
Rainiero	Cardinal priest of Santa Prisca	December 22, 1139	Innocent II
Goizo	Cardinal Priest of Santa Cecilia	December 22, 1139	Innocent II
Gregorio della Suburra	Cardinal priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere	March 1, 1140	Innocent II
Tommaso	Cardinal Priest of San Vitale	March 1, 1140	Innocent II
Pietro	Cardinal priest of Santa Pudenziana	September 20, 1140	Innocent II	Archpriest of St. Peter's Basilica
Ubaldo Allucingoli	Cardinal Priest of Santa Prassede	December 16, 1138	Innocent II	Future Pope Lucius III. (1181–1185)
Ubaldo	Cardinal priest of Santi Giovanni e Paolo	December 19, 1141	Innocent II
Gilberto	Cardinal Priest of San Marco	March 13, 1142	Innocent II
Niccolo	Cardinal Priest of San Ciriaco	March 13, 1142	Innocent II
Manfredo	Cardinal priest of Santa Sabina	December 17, 1143	Celestine II.
Rainiero	Cardinal priest of Santo Stefano in Monte Celio	December 17, 1143	Celestine II.
Guido de Summa	Cardinal Priest of San Lorenzo in Damaso	December 17, 1143	Celestine II.
Ariberto	Cardinal priest of Sant'Anastasia	December 17, 1143	Celestine II.
Gregorio Tarquini	Cardinal Deacon of Santi Sergio e Bacco	March 9, 1123	Calixt II.	Cardinal Protodeacon
Odone bonecase	Cardinal Deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro	March 4, 1132	Innocent II
Guido Pisano	Cardinal Deacon of Santi Cosma e Damiano	March 4, 1132	Innocent II
Gerardo	Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Domnica	May 27, 1138	Innocent II
Guido de Castro Ficeclo	Cardinal deacon	1139	Innocent II
Pietro	Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Aquiro	February 21, 1141	Innocent II
Pietro	Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Portico	September 19, 1141	Innocent II
Gregorio	Cardinal deacon	December 19, 1141	Innocent II
Gregorio	Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Angelo in Pescheria	December 17, 1143	Celestine II.
Astaldo degli Astalli	Cardinal Deacon of Sant 'Eustachio	December 17, 1143	Celestine II.
Giovanni Caccianemici, CanReg	Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria Nuova	December 17, 1143	Celestine II.	Nephew of the chosen one
Giovanni Paparoni	Cardinal Deacon of Sant Adriano	December 17, 1143	Celestine II.
Ugo Novariensis	Cardinal Deacon of Santa Lucia in Orphea	December 17, 1143	Celestine II.
Rodolfo	Cardinal Deacon of Santa Lucia in Septisolio	December 17, 1143	Celestine II.

Twenty-two cardinals were created by Pope Innocent II , ten Celestine II , two Calixt II and one Paschal II .

Absent cardinals

cardinal	Cardinal title	Created	Created by	Remarks
Rainaldo di Collemezzo, OSBCas	Cardinal priest of Santi Marcellino e Pietro	approx. 1139-1141	Innocent II	Abbot of Montecassino (external cardinal)
Adenulf, OSB	Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin	December 16, 1132	Innocent II	Abbot of Farfa ; papal legacy in Germany
Ottaviano de Monticelli	Cardinal Deacon of San Nicola in Carcere	February 25, 1138	Innocent II	Papal Legate in the Kingdom of Sicily; future antipope Victor IV. (1159–1164)

Individual evidence

↑ Jaffé, II, p. 7
^ Robinson, p. 78.
^ See Robinson, p. 387
^ See Robinson, p. 387
↑ Jaffé, II, p. 7. The papal election in 1143 took place in the Lateran basilica and that of 1145 in San Cesareo in Palatio.
↑ Robinson, p. 387
↑ Robinson, p. 525; Jaffé, II, p. 7.
↑ Reconstruction based on Brixius, p. 22 Note 4 with the following corrections: Bishop Rodolfo von Orte was excluded because he was not a cardinal at the time (Zenker, pp. 52–53). In addition, Brixius points out that Bernardo da Pisa, who later became Pope Eugene III, also belonged to the College of Cardinals (similar to Zenker, pp. 184-187), but see M. Horn: Studies on the history of Pope Eugens III. (1145-1153) , Peter Lang Verlag 1992, pp. 42-45.
↑ Jaffé, pp. 1 and 7
↑ Zenker, pp. 191-192; see also G. Loud, The Latin Church in Norman Italy , Cambridge University Press, 2007, pp. 157-158
^ Mary Stroll, The Medieval Abbey of Farfa: Target of Papal and Imperial Ambitions , BRILL 1997, p. 254
↑ Bruno W. Häuptli: Victor IV. (Victor V., Ottaviano de 'Monticelli), antipope 1159-1164. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 23, Bautz, Nordhausen 2004, ISBN 3-88309-155-3 , Sp. 1533-1536 .; He did not sign any papal bulls between February 19 and May 14, 1144 (Jaffé, pp. 1 and 7)

[1] Jaffé, II, p. 7

[2] Robinson, p. 78.

[3] See Robinson, p. 387

[4] See Robinson, p. 387

[5] Jaffé, II, p. 7. The papal election in 1143 took place in the Lateran basilica and that of 1145 in San Cesareo in Palatio.

[6] Robinson, p. 387

[7] Robinson, p. 525; Jaffé, II, p. 7.

[8] Reconstruction based on Brixius, p. 22 Note 4 with the following corrections: Bishop Rodolfo von Orte was excluded because he was not a cardinal at the time (Zenker, pp. 52–53). In addition, Brixius points out that Bernardo da Pisa, who later became Pope Eugene III, also belonged to the College of Cardinals (similar to Zenker, pp. 184-187), but see M. Horn: Studies on the history of Pope Eugens III. (1145-1153) , Peter Lang Verlag 1992, pp. 42-45.

[9] Jaffé, pp. 1 and 7

[10] Zenker, pp. 191-192; see also G. Loud, The Latin Church in Norman Italy , Cambridge University Press, 2007, pp. 157-158

[11] Mary Stroll, The Medieval Abbey of Farfa: Target of Papal and Imperial Ambitions , BRILL 1997, p. 254

[12] Bruno W. Häuptli: Victor IV. (Victor V., Ottaviano de 'Monticelli), antipope 1159-1164. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 23, Bautz, Nordhausen 2004, ISBN 3-88309-155-3 , Sp. 1533-1536 .; He did not sign any papal bulls between February 19 and May 14, 1144 (Jaffé, pp. 1 and 7)