Sant'Anastasia al Palatino
| Sant'Anastasia al Palatino
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|---|---|
| Patronage : | St. Anastasia |
| Rank: | Basilica minor |
| Cardinal priest : | Eugenio Dal Corso PSDP |
| Parish : | Santa Maria in Campitelli |
| Address: | Piazza di Sant'Anastasia 00186 Roma |
Coordinates: 41 ° 53 '17.3 " N , 12 ° 29' 3" E
Sant'Anastasia al Palatino , fully Basilica di Sant'Anastasia al Palatino , is a church in Rome dedicated to Saint Anastasia. The first early Christian church, founded in the 4th century, was the papal station church and title church of the Roman Catholic Church . It has the rank of minor basilica . The current building was built towards the end of the 8th and beginning of the 9th century and later changed several times. The facade dates from the 17th century.
Location and patronage
The church is located in the Piazza di Sant'Anastasia of the same name in the XII. Roman Rione Ripa . The early Christian church was built on the foundations of Roman houses from the 2nd and 3rd centuries in the Forum Boarium district , in the immediate vicinity of the Cave of Faunus-Lupercus , the legendary grotto of Romulus and Remus at the foot of the Palatine Hill and not far from the Circus Maximus .
Since the late 4th century common name titulus Anastasiae is attributed to the holy Anastasia of Sirmium as church patron (not identical with the daughter Anastasia of Constantius Chlorus ), probably during the persecutions under Diocletian around 304 in Sirmium (now Serbia), the Martyrdom has suffered. Her bones, which were initially transferred to the Anastasia Church in Constantinople around 465 , are now in her titular church in Rome as well as in the cathedral of Zadar / Croatia and in the Anastasia chapel (Benediktbeuern) . Pope Leo the Great (440–461) already preached a sermon in 457 in the basilica sanctae Anastasiae , named after the martyr . The titulus Anastasiae was also represented by three clergy at the Roman synod of 499 .
Saint Anastasia is mentioned in the Mass Canon and in the All Saints Litany . Because their feast is celebrated on December 25th, a separate station mass was introduced in their Roman titular church in the 5th century, which has developed into the second mass of the Pope on Christmas Day , the so-called Missa in aurora or shepherd's mass , and which is today not only in their station church in Rome, but generally in Catholic churches as the second Christmas mass (after Christmas mass ).
Building history
Because of the location of the church in the immediate vicinity of the political and manorial center of the city, a connection between the resident families of Roman senators and city prefects with the first church building is assumed. The date of construction can be derived from the founder's inscription, which has been handed down to us, according to which Pope Damasus I (366–384) furnished the titular church with paintings in the apse , which were then replaced by a mosaic under Pope Hilary (461–468) . A grave inscription from 351 of the then city prefect Clodius Adelphius, which is still documented in the church in the 17th century, indicates that the early Christian church was built in the middle of the 4th century. Another inscription says that between 402 and 408 the city prefect Flavius Macrobius Longinianus donated a baptistery for this church, of which, however, no archaeological traces have been found. The early Christian church was probably a single-nave hall church (or already a three-aisled building) with a slightly indented western part in front of the apse, which has an irregular floor plan due to the use of older components .
Under Pope Leo III. (795–816) the foundation building was extended to a three-aisled basilica with a non-protruding transept and portico to the dimensions 57 x 24 m. In this building in the Carolingian Renaissance style , ten spoli columns with Ionic capitals separated the nave from the side aisles , which were unevenly wide. So far it has not been possible to determine whether the columns carried an architrave or arcades . The central nave has a flat ceiling . The triumphal arch is supported by two free-standing granite columns (cf. Santa Maria in Trastevere , San Crisogono , San Pietro in Vincoli ).
In 1210, Pope Innocent III founded two ambones . To celebrate the jubilee year 1475, Pope Sixtus IV had the basilica restored in a Gothic style and Gothic cantilever windows installed. In 1585 the new high altar was built. In 1605 the basilica was given a new facade , which had to be replaced after a storm in 1640. The reliquary chapel was built in 1679 and the transept was vaulted in 1703. During the overall restoration of 1721/22, the interior of the basilica was given its present appearance.
Exterior
The facade from 1640 was based on a design by Luigi Arrigucci, a student of Gian Lorenzo Bernini . The broad lower storey is only structured by a program of stepped pilasters with simple capitals, with bell towers on both sides - also unusual in Rome. Above the architrave and the surrounding cornice the simple structure of the basement is repeated; only the capitals of the pilasters have a little more decoration in the form of composite capitals . In the pediment a papal coat of arms is inserted.
Interior and outfit
The spacious baroque interior of the church was created during the last renovation in 1721/22, carried out by the Maltese architect Carlo Gimacchi. The ancient columns no longer have a supporting function; they are placed in front of the pillars as structural elements and provided with uniform composite capitals; set up volutes form the end of the wall surface . The light blue window area rises above the surrounding, stepped cornice; pilasters are placed next to the windows. The coffered ceiling was in the 19th century images of the martyrdom of the church patron and the coat of arms of Pius VII. , And Pius IX.
The marble figure of St. Anastasia under the high altar, influenced by Bernini, was started by Francesco Aprile and completed by Ercole Ferrata in 1667 . A portrait of St. Jerome is attributed to Domenichino ; it is located in a canopy altar in the chapel at the end of the left aisle.
Excavations
The ruins of a portico from the 1st century AD and the remains of buildings (houses, shops and workshops) from the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD were uncovered under the church. The excavations are accessible on Sundays; Interested visitors can ring the bell at Piazza di S.Anastasia, 1 .
opening hours
The church is open all day.
Trivia
In the film In the Fisherman's Shoes , the main character Kiril Lakota (played by Anthony Quinn ) is given the cardinal dignity in connection with the titular church of Sant'Anastasia.
Cardinal priest
Web links
literature
- Hugo Brandenburg : The early Christian churches in Rome from the 4th to the 7th century . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2013, pp. 140ff. and 318.
- Walther Buchowiecki : Handbook of the Churches of Rome. The Roman sacred building in history and art from early Christian times to the present . Volume 1, Hollinek, Vienna 1967, pp. 322-332.
- Marco Bussagli (Ed.): Rome - Art & Architecture . Könemann, Cologne 1999.
- Steffen Diefenbach: Roman Remembrance Rooms: Holy Memories and Collective Identities . De Gruyter, Berlin 2007.
- Anton Henze : Art Guide Rome . Reclam, Stuttgart 1994, p. 150.
- Lexicon of Christian Iconography (LCI). Herder, Freiburg 2004, Volume 5, Col. 130-133.
- Lexicon for Theology and Church (LThK), Herder, Freiburg 2006, Vol. 1 Sp. 598.
- Claudio Rendina: Le Chiese di Roma . Newton & Compton, Rome 2007.
- Hans Georg Wehrens: Rome - The Christian sacred buildings from the 4th to the 9th century - A Vademecum . Herder, Freiburg, 2nd edition 2017, pp. 158–160.
Individual evidence
- ^ Diocesi di Roma (Diocese of Rome). Retrieved June 22, 2012 .
- ↑ Hugo Brandenburg: The early Christian churches in Rome from the 4th to the 7th century , Regensburg 2013, p. 140.
- ↑ Steffen Diefenbach: Roman Remembrance Rooms: Holy Memories and Collective Identities in Rome from the 3rd to 5th Century AD. Berlin 2007, p. 352.
- ^ Lexicon of Christian Iconography (LCI), Freiburg 2004, Volume 5, Sp. 130-133
- ↑ Hans Georg Wehrens: Rome - The Christian sacred buildings from the 4th to the 9th century - Ein Vademecum , Freiburg, 2nd edition 2017, p. 159f.
- ↑ Hugo Brandenburg: The early Christian churches in Rome from the 4th to the 7th century , Regensburg 2013, p. 140.
- ↑ Hans Georg Wehrens: Rome - The Christian sacred buildings from the 4th to the 9th century - Ein Vademecum , Freiburg, 2nd edition 2017, p. 159 with floor plan.
- ↑ Walther Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome. The Roman sacred building in history and art from early Christian times to the present . Volume 1, Vienna 1967, p. 329ff.
- ^ Anton Henze: Art Guide Rome , Stuttgart 1994, p. 150
- ↑ Walther Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome. The Roman sacred building in history and art from early Christian times to the present . Volume 1, Vienna 1967, pp. 331f.
- ^ Tourist portal of the city of Rome , accessed on June 22, 2012, in Italian.