Conclave 1700

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The 1700 conclave occurred after the death of Pope Innocent XII. († September 27, 1700) and met from October 9, 1700 to November 23, 1700. It lasted 46 days and elected Clemens XI. to the Pope.

College of Cardinals

Innocent XII.
Clement XI.

When Pope Innocent XII. died, the college of cardinals numbered 66 cardinals.

Attendees

The 57 cardinals attending the conclave were:

Cardinals not participating in the conclave

The following nine cardinals could not take part in the conclave:

The cardinals present in the conclave were elevated to cardinalate by the following popes:

  • A cardinal under the pontificate of Innocent X.
  • Two cardinals under the pontificate of Clement IX.
  • Six cardinals under the pontificate of Clement X.
  • Eleven cardinals under the pontificate of Innocent XI.
  • 14 cardinals under the pontificate of Alexander VIII
  • 23 cardinals under the pontificate of Innocent XII.

The number of participants rose from 38 to 57 cardinals during the conclave and fell to 56 cardinals one day before the end of the conclave. The most experienced participant in this conclave was Carlo Barberini. He was elevated to the rank of cardinal by Pope Innocent X on June 23, 1653, with this conclave he was elected for the seventh time.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Later (1724) as Benedict XIII. elected pope
  2. ↑ In the conclave as Clemens XI. elected pope
  3. ↑ Left the conclave due to illness on November 22, 1700 and therefore did not take part in the decisive vote on November 23

course

In the early hours of September 23rd, Innocent XII died. in the Quirinal Palace and was buried in St. Peter's Basilica on October 1st .

According to the regulations of the Roman Church , the conclave began on the evening of October 9th and the voting rooms were locked. 38 cardinals were present for the first vote. The formation of the party was similar to that in the previous conclave in 1691 : the French party was opposed to the imperial faction and the third group was the strictly ecclesiastical Zelanti (zealots). In addition to these three parties, there was a middle group at the beginning which joined the French party as the conclave progressed. The composition of the parties was not entirely clear, but the following affiliations emerged:

  • Imperial Party: The Cardinals de 'Medici, Giudice, Lamberg and Grimani
  • French party: The Cardinals d'Estrées, Forbin, Coislin, Arquien, Le Camus and Noailles
  • Zelanti : The Cardinals Carlo Barberini, Acciaioli, Orsini, Spinola, Millini, Durazzo, Barbarigo, Petrucci, Colloredo, Sacchetti, Negroni, Astalli, Morigia, Tanara, Boncompagni, Del Verme, Ferrari, Cenci, Sagripanti, Noris, Spinola d. J., Cornaro, Paolucci, Radulovich, Archinto, Santa Croce, d'Aste, Delfino, Sperelli and Gabrielli
  • Middle Party: The Cardinals Altieri, Carpegna, Nerli, Marescotti, Spada, Ottoboni, Panciatici, Cantelmo, D´Adda, Rubini, Costaguti, Bichi, Imperiali, Albani, Omodei and Francesco Barberini.

In the first two weeks the parties tried to sound out their options. The first serious candidate was Galeazzo Marescotti, raised by Pope Clement X. He was a distinguished member of the Holy Quorum and was also supported by the Zelanti . Since the French wanted a Pope as weak as possible, they came into opposition. In addition to Marescotti's candidacy, Cardinal Acciaioli also came into discussion, but the imperial officials contradicted this. Cardinal Ottoboni tried to force Panciatici. He had been under the late Pope Datar and had advocated the principle that only a candidate who was independent of the royal houses could be considered as Pope. By this statement he won neither the support of the imperial nor that of the French party. An election of Cardinal Morigia from the ranks of the Zelanti would have found favor with the secular rulers, but the Zelanti themselves considered his qualities to be insufficient. In the further negotiations the Papabili Costaguti, Del Verme, Orsini and Colloredo appeared, but these too were quickly dropped.

The proposal for Gianfrancesco Albani came from the Zelanti and was approved by all parties. But Cardinal Albani stubbornly refused to accept the election. Through four theologians, the Dominican Massoulié, the Franciscan Varese, the Jesuit Alfaro and the Theatine Tomassi, he had the question examined whether a candidate who does not feel up to the task of the papacy, if voted unanimously, could reject it with a clear conscience. All four agreed that the cardinal must accept a unanimous election, otherwise he would be against the will of God. Only then did Albani give his consent.

On November 22nd, Giuseppe Archinto had to leave the conclave due to illness. The following day there was a unanimous vote for Cardinal Albani from among the 56 remaining participants in the conclave. Although Albani was elevated to the cardinal status by Pope Alexander VIII, he decided on the name Clement XI. His choice of name is attributed to the fact that he was elected Pope on the feast day of Saint Clement, on November 23rd.

literature

  • Ludwig von Pastor : History of the Popes in the Age of Princely Absolutism from the Election of Clement XI. until the death of Clement XII. (1700–1740) (=  history of the popes at the end of the Middle Ages . Fifteenth volume). First to seventh edition. Herder, Freiburg i. Br. 1930, p. 3–7 ( digitized version [accessed January 25, 2019]).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Ludwig von Pastor: History of the Popes in the Age of Princely Absolutism from the election of Clement XI. until the death of Clement XII. (1700-1740) . S. 4 .
  2. ↑ Ludwig von Pastor: History of the Popes in the Age of Princely Absolutism from the election of Clement XI. until the death of Clement XII. (1700-1740) . S. 5 .
  3. ↑ Ludwig von Pastor: History of the Popes in the Age of Princely Absolutism from the election of Clement XI. until the death of Clement XII. (1700-1740) . S. 6 .
  4. ↑ Ludwig von Pastor: History of the Popes in the Age of Princely Absolutism from the election of Clement XI. until the death of Clement XII. (1700-1740) . S. 7 .