Conclave 2013
In the 2013 conclave , which began on March 12, 2013, the previous Archbishop of Buenos Aires and Primate of Argentina, Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio , succeeded the resigned Pope Benedict XVI on March 13, 2013 in the fifth ballot . elected. He took the Pope's name Francis.
Sedis vacancy
After Benedict XVI. on February 11, 2013, in the certainty "that my strengths are no longer suitable as a result of my advanced age to perform the Petrine ministry in an appropriate manner", on February 28, 2013, 8 p.m. (CET) "to the office of Bishop of Rome, the successor of Peter, […] ”, the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church was transferred to the College of Cardinals when the Sedis vacancy occurred . The Camerlengo, as chairman of the special congregation, took over the administration of the Roman Catholic Church. The electoral order resulted from the Apostolic Constitution Universi Dominici Gregis and the Motu proprios De aliquibus mutationibus in normis and Normas nonnullas . The Motu proprio Normas nonnullas Benedict XVI. of February 22, 2013 now expressly allowed the conclave to begin before the expiry of 15 full days of sedis vacancy, if it is certain that all cardinals entitled to vote are present. On March 8, the College of Cardinals decided that March 12 would be the beginning of the conclave.
Offices
During the vacancy, the following offices remained and continued to be held:
- Camerlengo : Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone
- Major penalty : Manuel Cardinal Monteiro de Castro
- Cardinal Vicar of the Diocese of Rome : Cardinal Agostino Vallini
- Cardinal Archpriest of the Vatican Basilica : Angelo Cardinal Comastri
- Vicar General for Vatican City : Cardinal Angelo Comastri
- Substitute for the State Secretariat : Giovanni Angelo Becciu
- Secretary for Relations with States : Dominique Mamberti
- Almsman of His Holiness : Guido Pozzo
College of Cardinals
The college of cardinals had to ensure the regular administrative operation of the church until a new pope was elected. He was expressly prohibited from making fundamental changes in the governance of the Church as a whole. The following cardinals had particularly prominent positions in the college of cardinals:
- Cardinal Dean : Angelo Cardinal Sodano
- Cardinal Sub- Dean : Roger Cardinal Etchegaray
- Cardinal Protopriest : Paulo Cardinal Evaristo Arns
- Cardinal protodeacon : Jean-Louis Cardinal Tauran
The dean had informed all the cardinals of the vacancy and ordered them to attend the conclave in Vatican City .
Congregations
When the Sedis vacancy began, two congregations were formed, the General Congregation and the Special Congregation . All cardinals take part in the daily general congregations. The first general congregation took place on March 4, 2013. The special congregation consists only of the Camerlengo as chairman and one cardinal bishop, cardinal priest and cardinal deacon each. The following cardinals were members of the special congregation:
- 4th-6th March 2013: Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re , Cardinal Crescenzio Sepe and Cardinal Franc Rodé ;
- 7th-9th March: Béchara Pierre Cardinal Raï , Laurent Cardinal Monsengwo Pasinya and Velasio Cardinal De Paolis ;
- 11-13 March 2013: Cardinal Antonios Naguib , Cardinal Marc Ouellet and Cardinal Francesco Monterisi .
conclave
procedure
The conclave was opened on March 12, 2013 with the votive mass “ Missa Pro Eligendo Romano Pontifice ” (German: “Mass for the election of the Bishop of Rome”) in St. Peter's Basilica . The Mass was presided over by Cardinal Dean Angelo Sodano, in concelebration with Cardinals Bertone and Re. Benedict XVI, who had previously only required cardinals who were entitled to vote to attend to all cardinals through his Normas nonnullas , did not take part in the mass itself. At 4:30 p.m. the cardinals marched from the Paolin Chapel to the Sistine Chapel in a solemn procession and swore the oath. Subsequently, all those who were not involved in the conclave were excluded by the ceremonial extra omnes . After the first and third ballots, black smoke rose from the Sistine Chapel on March 12th at 7:41 pm and on March 13th at 11:38 am . In the fifth ballot, Jorge Mario Bergoglio finally achieved the necessary two-thirds majority . At 7:06 p.m., white smoke signaled the election of a new Pope. The cardinal deacon Jean-Louis Tauran announced at 20:13 on the Benediction Loggia the Habemus Papam . At around 8:22 p.m. the new Pope showed himself there, gave a short address, said prayers for his predecessor with the crowd gathered in the square and finally donated the apostolic blessing Urbi et Orbi. Traditionally, Francis celebrated his first mass as Pope on the following day in the Sistine Chapel with the cardinals who had participated in the conclave as a votive mass “ Missa Pro ecclesia ” (German: “Mass for the Church”).
Cardinals eligible to vote
Cardinals were entitled to vote who had not yet reached the age of 80 on the day before the sedis vacancy occurred , i.e. on February 27, 2013, i.e. all those born after February 28, 1933. 50 of the electoral cardinals were by John Paul II and 67 by Benedict XVI. appointed.
Giovanni Battista Re , the highest-ranking Cardinal Bishop with voting rights, presided over the conclave , as the two cardinals Sodano and Etchegaray had already passed the voting age. The highest ranking cardinal priest with voting rights was Godfried Danneels , the highest ranking cardinal deacon Jean-Louis Tauran , who was the cardinal protodeacon with the task of proclaiming the election of the new pope and his name.
As in 2005, a total of 117 cardinals were entitled to vote.
Cardinals not participating
Of the eligible cardinals who did not attend the conclave:
-
Julius Riyadi Darmaatmadja ( Indonesia , Archbishop Emeritus of Jakarta ) for health reasons
-
Keith Patrick O'Brien ( United Kingdom ) after accepting his resignation from the office of Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh .
On March 8, 2013, the General Congregation granted its request to be released from the obligation to attend.
Participating cardinals
The following 115 voting cardinals attended:
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The cardinals participating in the conclave came from the following countries:
| nation | Number of participants |
|---|---|
| Italy | 28 |
| United States | 11 |
| Germany | 6th |
| Spain , Brazil , India | 5 each |
| Poland , France | 4 each |
| Canada , Mexico | 3 each |
| Portugal , Argentina , Nigeria | 2 each |
|
Europe : Belgium , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Ireland , Croatia , Lithuania , Netherlands , Austria , Switzerland , Slovenia , Czech Republic , Hungary South and Central America : Bolivia , Chile , Dominican Republic , Ecuador , Honduras , Colombia , Cuba , Peru , Venezuela Africa : Egypt , Ghana , Guinea , Kenya , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Senegal , South Africa , Sudan , Tanzania Asia and Oceania : Australia , China , Lebanon , Philippines , Sri Lanka , Vietnam |
1 each |
literature
- Gerard O'Connell: The election of Pope Francis. An inside account of the conclave that changed history . Orbis Books, Maryknoll 2019, ISBN 978-1-62698-319-9 (English).
Web links
- Il Collegio Cardinalizio: Statistiche , accessed February 11, 2013.
- The College of Cardinals: Statistics , accessed February 11, 2013.
Individual evidence
- ^ During a consistory on the canonization of the martyrs of Otranto , Laura di Santa da Siena Montoya y Upegui and María Guadalupe García Zavala , domradio.de February 10, 2013
- ↑ Pope Benedict XVI. step back. Vatican Radio , February 11, 2013, accessed February 11, 2013 .
- ^ Declaration of resignation in the Latin original on the website of the Holy See, accessed on February 11, 2013
- ↑ Motu proprio "Normas nunnullas" (Latin) ; German
- ↑ rp-online.de
- ↑ COMUNICATO: CONVOCAZIONE DELLA PRIMA CONGREGAZIONE GENERALE DEL COLLEGIO CARDINALIZIO. In: Daily Bulletin. Holy See Press Office, March 1, 2013, accessed July 16, 2018 (Italian).
- ^ Vatican Radio March 4, 2013
- ↑ General congregations: With all electors present still no date for Conclave. Vatican Radio, March 7, 2013, accessed March 7, 2013 .
- ↑ Last General Congregation: Bertone reports on the Vatican Bank. Vatican Radio, March 11, 2013, accessed March 11, 2013 .
- ↑ No. 49 Universi Dominici Gregis vatican.va
- ↑ No. 49 "Normas nunnullas"
- ^ ORF: The struggle for a new Pope can begin .
- ↑ Der Spiegel 12/2013, pp. 91–92.
- ↑ Apostolic Blessing Urbi et Orbi. In: vatican.va. March 13, 2013, archived from the original on April 11, 2013 ; accessed on March 14, 2013 .
- ^ Radiovaticana.va March 14, 2013
- ↑ No. 89 Universi Dominici Gregis
- ↑ Mathias Hariyadi: Conclave, Cardinal Darmaatmadja renounces for "health reasons" . Asia News, February 21, 2013 (English).
- ↑ Great Britain: Resignation of Cardinal O'Brien - No participation in conclave , Vatican Radio , accessed February 25, 2013.
- ^ Beginning of the conclave next Tuesday , Vatican Radio , accessed on March 8, 2013.
- ^ For Lombardi SJ: Cardinals to vote on Conclave Friday PM. Vatican Radio, March 8, 2013, archived from the original on January 23, 2015 ; Retrieved March 8, 2013 .
- ↑ ELENCO DEGLI EM.MI CARDINALI CHE ENTRANO IN CONCLAVE vatican.va (German for example: "List of cardinals who move into the conclave")
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