Papal election 1264–1265

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The election of the Pope from 1264–1265 (October 12 - February 5) took place after the death of Pope Urban IV and ended with the election of his successor Clement IV. The cardinals met in Perugia , where Urban IV had found refuge. after he was expelled from Orvieto . He had never been to Rome as Pope and spent his entire pontificate in exile. It was the second consecutive election in which a Pope was elected "in absentia"; the phenomenon would be repeated in the papal election of 1268–1271 , and again in the papal election of 1292–1294 . In the last two cases, the person elected wasn't even a cardinal.

conclave

Eighteen cardinals met in Perugia on October 12, 1264. Some of them supported the continuation of Urban IV's policy and a call from Charles de Anjou (pro-French faction) to Italy, while another group of supporters supported the search for other forms of ensuring the independence of the pro-Italian faction. This violent and fruitless dispute lasted nearly four months and prompted Perugia's authorities to take tougher measures to compel voters to make a decision. According to a letter from Cardinal Fieschi to the absent Cardinal Paltineri in January 1265, the cardinals were forcibly compelled to meet in the cathedral. This measure worked and on February 5, 1265 the decision in the selection process was made through a compromise, i.e. H. by delegation to a commission and throughout the College of Cardinals . They later elected the absent Cardinal Guy Foulques, Cardinal Bishop of Sabina. The fact that Foulques was subject to French and Charles of Anjou suggests that he would be part of the pro-French faction. News of the cardinals' decision brought him back from England, where he lived as a papal legate. He accepted the election and took the name Clement IV. Due to the hostile attitude of the people of Rome, who looked to the "stranger" on the throne of St. Peter, the coronation ceremony was held in Viterbo. As Pope, Clement IV never visited Rome either.

Cardinals

At the time of Pope Urban's death there were 21 cardinals. At least two did not participate in the election, Simon de Brion , legate to King Philip III. of France , and Guido Grosso Fulcodi , legate to King Henry III. of England . The participation of Simone Paltineri , governor of Campania for Urban IV and later for Clement IV, is unclear.

cardinal origin rank title Appointed on by Remarks
Odo of Châteauroux , O.Cist. Archdiocese of Bourges Cardinal Bishop Bishop of Tusculum (Frascati) May 28, 1244 Innocent IV.
John of Toledo England Cardinal Bishop Bishop of Porto-Santa Rufina May 28, 1244 Innocent IV. Supporters of Heinrich III. from England ; served in the Curia for 60 years
István Báncsa Hungary Cardinal Bishop Bishop of Palestrina December 1251 Innocent IV. Archbishop of Esztergom (1243–1254)
Raoul Grosparmi
(Rodolphe de Chevriêres) 		France Cardinal Bishop Albano December 17, 1261 Urban IV. Accompanied Louis IX. from France on the crusade to Tunisia and died there on August 11, 1270
Henricus de Segusio Susa (Piedmont) Cardinal Bishop Bishop of Ostia and Velletri May 1262 Urban IV.
Hugo of Saint-Cher , OP Vienne (Isere) Cardinal priest Santa Sabina May 28, 1244 Innocent IV. Legacy in Germany 1253
Simone Paltineri Padua Cardinal priest Santi Silvestro e Martino ai Monti December 17, 1261 Urban IV. Cardinal Proto-Priest , Prior Presbyterorum
Simon Monpitie de Brie France Cardinal priest Santa Cecilia in Trastevere December 17, 1261 Urban IV. later Pope Martin IV.
Annibale Annibaldi , OP Rome Cardinal priest Santi XII Apostoli May 1262 Urban IV.
Anchero Pantaleone France Cardinal priest Santa Prassede May 1262 Urban IV. Nephew of Urban IV.
Guillaume de Bray France Cardinal priest San Marco Evangelista al Campidoglio May 1262 Urban IV.
Guy de Bourgogne , O.Cist. Burgundy or Castile Cardinal priest San Lorenzo in Lucina May 1262 Urban IV.
Riccardo Annibaldi Rome Cardinal deacon Sant'Angelo in Pescheria 1237 Gregory IX.
Ottaviano Ubaldini Florence Cardinal deacon Santa Maria in Via Lata May 28, 1244 Innocent IV. Apostolic legacy in the Kingdom of Sicily since January 1255
Giovanni Gaetano Orsini Rome Cardinal deacon San Nicola in Carcere May 28, 1244 Innocent IV. later Pope Nicholas III. (1277-1280)
Ottobono Fieschi Genoa Cardinal deacon Sant'Adriano al Foro December 1251 Innocent IV.
Uberto Coconati Asti (Piedmont) Cardinal deacon Sant'Eustachio December 17, 1261 Urban IV.
Giacomo Savelli Rome Cardinal deacon Santa Maria in Cosmedin December 17, 1261 Urban IV.
Goffredo da Alatri Alatri Cardinal deacon San Giorgio in Velabro December 17, 1261 Urban IV.
Giordano Pironti Terracina Cardinal deacon Santi Cosma e Damiano May 1262 Urban IV. Died in October 1269
Matteo Rubeo Orsini Rome Cardinal deacon Santa Maria in Portico May 1262 Urban IV. Nephew of Pope Nicholas III.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Konrad Eubel , Hierarchia catholica medii aevi I, editio altera (Monsterii 1913), pp. 8-11.
  2. ↑ According to Cardella, p. 307, he took part, according to Eubel, p. 8, not.
  3. ^ Salvador Miranda , The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Raoul Grosparmi ( online )

literature

  • Jean Roy, Nouvelle histoire des cardinaux françois , Volume 4 (Paris: Poincot 1787).
  • Lorenzo Cardella, Memorie storiche de 'cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa , Volume 1 Part 2 (Roma: Pagliarini 1792).
  • Joseph Maubach, The Cardinals and their Politics around the Middle of the XIII. Century (Bonn: Carl Georgi, 1902).
  • Joseph Heidemann, Pope Clement IV (Münster 1903).
  • Augustin Demski, Pope Nikolaus III, A Monograph (Münster 1903).
  • Richard Sternfeld , Der Cardinal Johann Gaetan Orsini (Pope Nicholas III) 1244-1277 (Berlin: E. Ebering 1905).
  • E. Jordan, "Promotion de cardinaux sous Urbain IV," Revue d'histoire et de littérature religieuses 5 (1900) pp. 322-334.
  • Karl Hampe , Urban IV. And Manfred (1261-1264) (Heidelberg, 1905),
  • Ferdinand Gregorovius , History of Rome in the Middle Ages , Volume V.2, revised 2nd edition (London: George Bell, 1906), Book 10, Chapter 1, pp. 335-358.
  • Francis Roth, OESA, "Il Cardinale Riccardo Annibaldi, Primo Prottetore dell 'Ordine Agostiniano," Augustiniana 2 (1952) pp. 26-60.