Conclave 1352

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The conclave of 1352 (December 16-18) was made after the death of Pope Clement VI. convene; it chose to be his successor Étienne Aubert, who was named Innocent VI. the fifth Pope with his seat in Avignon was (cf. Avignon Papacy ). This conclave is also noteworthy because, for the first time in history, the cardinals wrote an apostolic letter to the conclave that restricted the power of the new incumbent.

First Apostolic Letter to a Conclave

On December 16, five cardinals entered the conclave in the Palais des Papes in Avignon. At the beginning, all eligible voters signed the first apostolic letter to a conclave, although some of them (including Cardinal Aubert) did so with reservations, provided it did not violate canon law. The terms of the letter were:

  • The college of cardinals is limited to 20 members; new cardinals are not appointed until their number has dropped to 16.
  • The appointment, excommunication, disenfranchisement, confiscation of property or income of cardinals must be approved by the college by a two-thirds majority , as must the petition for subsidies from sovereigns or national clergy.
  • The college has a right of veto over papal decisions and guidelines.
  • All papal income is shared with the quorum.

The adoption of these Apostolic Letters is seen as part of the general College of Cardinals strategy to limit papal power and transform the government of the Church into an oligarchy rather than a monarchy .

Election of Pope Innocent VI.

After the Apostolic Letter was signed, the election of the Pope began. Initially, the candidacy was proposed by Jean Birel , General of the Carthusian Order and not a Cardinal, but revered for his piety. But Cardinal Talleyrand addressed the College of Cardinals that it would be unwise, if not dangerous, to elect a new Celestine V in such a critical situation in Europe . H. a holy but completely incompetent Pope. The college finally agreed with him and abandoned Birel's candidacy in favor of Cardinal Étienne Aubert, Bishop of Ostia , who was unanimously elected Pope on December 18. He accepted the election and called himself Innocent VI. On December 30th, he was solemnly crowned in the Notre-Dame des Doms Cathedral in Avignon by the cardinal protodeacon Gaillard de la Mothe .

On July 6, 1353, Pope Innocent VI declared. the apostolic letter resolved by the conclave is invalid because it violates the rule that (legal) business is limited during a conclave for the election of a new pope, as well as violating the power of the papal office. However, in most of the conclaves held over the next 300 years, apostolic letters were signed.

Eligible voters

Pope Clement VI died on December 6, 1352 in Avignon. During his pontificate he consistently refused to return to Rome and instead bought sovereignty over Avignon (where the papal court resided) from Queen Joan I of Naples . There were 26 cardinals alive at his death. 25 of them attended the conclave

cardinal Cardinal title Appointed on by Remarks
Pierre Desprès Bishop of Palestrina December 20, 1320 John XXII. Cardinal dean ;
Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord , Bishop of Auxerre Bishop of Albano May 25, 1331 John XXII. Cardinal Protector of the Franciscan Order
Bertrand de Déaulx Bishop of Sabina December 18, 1338 Benedict XII.
Guillaume de Court , O.Cist. Bishop of Frascati December 18, 1338 Benedict XII. ( Cardinal depository ) Chamberlain of the Holy College of Cardinals
Etienne Aubert (Pope Innocent VI.) Bishop of Ostia and Velletri September 20, 1342 Clement VI. Major Penalty
Guillaume d'Aure , OSB Cardinal priest of Santo Stefano al Monte Celio December 18, 1338 Benedict XII. Inquisitor General
Hugues Roger , OSB Cardinal Priest of San Clemente September 20, 1342 Clement VI. (Brother of Pope Clement VI.)
Pierre Bertrand de Colombier Cardinal Priest of Santa Susanna February 27, 1344 Clement VI.
Gil Álvarez Carillo de Albornoz Cardinal Priest of San Clemente December 17, 1350 Clement VI.
Pasteur de Sarrats , OFM Cardinal priest of Santi Marcellino e Pietro December 17, 1350 Clement VI.
Raymond de Canillac , CRSA Cardinal Priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme December 17, 1350 Clement VI. (Nephew of Clement VI.)
Guillaume d'Aigrefeuille , OSB Cardinal priest of Santa Maria in Traspontina December 17, 1350 Clement VI. (Nephew of Clement VI.)
Nicola Capocci Cardinal Priest of San Vitale December 17, 1350 Clement VI.
Pasqual de Montesquieu Cardinal priest of Santi XII Apostoli December 17, 1350 Clement VI.
Arnaud de Villemur , CRSA Cardinal Priest of San Sisto Vecchio December 17, 1350 Clement VI.
Pierre de Cros Cardinal priest of Santi Silvestro e Martino ai Monti December 17, 1350 Clement VI. ( Cardinal depository )
Gilles Rigaud , OSB Cardinal Priest of Santa Prassede December 17, 1350 Clement VI.
Jean de Moulins , OP Cardinal priest of Santa Sabina December 17, 1350 Clement VI.
Gaillard de la Mothe Cardinal Deacon of Santa Lucia in Selci December 17, 1360 John XXII. Cardinal Protodeacon
Bernard de la Tour Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Eustachio September 20, 1342 Clement VI. ( Cardinal depository )
Guillaume de La Jugie Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin September 20, 1342 Clement VI. ( Cardinal depository )
Nicolas de Besse Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Via Lata February 27, 1344 Clement VI. ( Cardinal depository )
Pierre Roger de Beaufort Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria Nuova May 28, 1348 Clement VI. ( Cardinal depository )
Rinaldo Orsini Cardinal Deacon of Sant'Adriano al Foro December 17, 1350 Clement VI.
Jean de Caraman Cardinal Deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro December 17, 1350 Clement VI.

19 cardinals were from Clement VI. appointed, eight of them were members of his family. Of the remaining six, three were from John XXII. and three from Benedict XII. been appointed.

The office of Camerlengo , the most important during the Sedis vacancy , was held by Stefano Aldebrandi Cambaruti , Archbishop of Toulouse , who was not a cardinal.

Only one cardinal (appointed by Clement VI) did not attend the conclave, as he was a legate in France, where he unsuccessfully tried to bring peace between France and England during the Hundred Years War

cardinal Cardinal title Appointed on by Remarks
Guy de Boulogne Bishop of Porto-Santa Rufina September 20, 1342 Clement VI. Papal legate in France

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