Raymond de Canillac

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Raymond de Canillac (* around 1300 in La Roche-Canillac ; † June 20, 1373 in Avignon ) was a French lawyer, bishop and cardinal.

He was a son of Guillaume de Canillac and a sister of Cardinal Bertrand de Déaulx . Two of his uncles, Pons and Guy, were successively abbots of Aniane , as was a nephew of the cardinal, who was also called Pons. 1345 married his niece Guerine, daughter of his brother Marquis and his wife Alixène de Poitiers-Valentinois, Guillaume Rogier II, Viscount (and later Comte) de Beaufort, the brother of Pope Clement VI. (1342-1345) Raymond joined the Augustinian Canons (CRSA), studied law at the University of Montpellier, and earned the degree of Doctor in utroque iure (that is, in civil and canon law ).

Beginning of career

In 1333 he was provost of the cathedral chapter of the Cathedral of Maguelone . He was chairman of the provincial chapter of the Augustinian Canons, which took place on November 25, 1339 in Narbonne, in which the Pope Benedict XII. approved statutes of the Augustinians were promulgated. In 1340 he received from Philip VI. from France the confirmation of the privileges claimed by the cathedral chapter of Maguelone. In the same year, on August 16, Raymond de Canillac took in Montpellier at the swearing-in of locumtenens (deputy) of the rector of Universitatis study of Montpellier in part.

In 1342 he was selected as arbitrator, along with Cardinal Guillaume d'Aure and Archbishop Jean de Baussan of Arles , to mediate between the dressing room ( vestiarium ) of the Cathedral of Maguelone and the monastic canons with regard to the provision of clothing, resulting in the duties of the Clothes store belonged to mediate.

Raymond de Canillac became abbot of Sainte-Foy de Conques .

Bishop and Cardinal

On March 28, 1345 Raymond de Canillac was by Pope Clement VI. appointed Archbishop of Toulouse . He held the office until he was elevated to the rank of cardinal.

With Clement VI. fourth consistory for the appointment of cardinals on December 17, 1350, 12 prelates were named, including Raymond de Canillac. The new cardinal received the titular church of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme . Because of this he was sometimes called the "Cardinal of Jerusalem". In view of his new rank, he resigned as Chancellor of the University of Toulouse , no doubt at the same time as his resignation as Archbishop of Toulouse.

In order to match his status as prince of the church, Cardinal de Canillac received a number of benefices , including: the Benedictine priory in the diocese of Gap ; Canon, benefice and office of the provost at St. Patrokli Cathedral in Soest ; a parish in the Archdiocese of Toulouse; a canon in Toulouse, canon, benefice and treasurer of St. Severin in Cologne ; Canon, benefice and office of the provost in Bremen; a Benedictine priory in the Archdiocese of Lyon ; a Benedictine priory in the diocese of Riez ; a canonical at Mende Cathedral ; Canon, benefice and dean at Uppsala Cathedral ; Canonicals and benefices in Västerås church ; Canons and benefices at Strängnäs Cathedral ; a canonical in Carcassonne Cathedral . - All in all, a distribution of offices across Europe, whose personal performance was obviously not expected.

In 1359, Cardinal Raymond was appointed along with Cardinals Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord and Audouin Aubert to investigate the controversy between the Grand Master of the Order of St. John and the Castellan of Amposta .

In 1360 the Pope appointed him papal tax collector in order to receive the money together with the French treasurer Pierre Scatisse, which every two years as a ransom for King John II of France , who was imprisoned in England after the Battle of Poitiers (1356) was.

On March 27, 1360, an exchange of property took place in which the Baron de Peyre transferred his rights to the castles of Hermaux, Moriès and Muret to Marquis de Canillac with the consent of the Bishop of Mende as overlord; Raymond de Canillac was present for the transaction. On November 4, 1361 Cardinal Raymond was raised to Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina , the title he retained until his death. Ralf Lützelschwab writes: "Legatory activities or increased participation in curial official business are not verifiable [for Cardinal Raymond de Canillac]".

The 1362 conclave

Pope Innocent VI died on September 12, 1362 in Avignon. Twenty cardinals, including Raymond de Canillac, entered the conclave on September 22nd to elect the successor. There were a number of candidates. The Limousin faction of about six cardinals was already about to choose one of them. The Cardinals (Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord (Talleyrand)) and Guy de Boulogne were ambitious and interested. In his Cronica , however, Matteo Villani writes that the cardinals had agreed on the old Benedictine monk Cardinal Hugues Roger , brother of Pope Clement VI, who received fifteen of the twenty votes in the vote. However, Cardinal Hugues was not interested and refused the election. Then the cardinals turned to the Cardinal of Toulouse, who could only collect eleven votes. Another candidate won ten votes, another nine, but not the required fourteen. Finally, the college of cardinals elected Guillaume Grimoard, Abbot of St. Victor in Marseille , the papal nuncio in Italy. He returned to France and accepted the election on October 31, 1362. He was crowned Urban V.

On November 28, 1362, the new Pope charged Cardinal Raymond de Canillac with the reform of the statutes of the Law University of Montpellier, where Urban had studied canon law. Raymond's uncle, Cardinal Bertrand de Déaulx , had held this position two decades earlier.

Tomb of Cardinal Raymond de Canillac

In 1364, Cardinal de Canillac was judge in a dispute between the Archbishop and the canons of the Archdiocese of Tarragona and the Alanyani family. The procurators of the archbishop and the canons asked Pope Urban V to remove the cardinal as judge. The Pope decided to bring in Cardinal Pierre Itier as a second judge.

Pope Urban V finally gave in to pressure from all sides and decided to return to Rome. Despite considerable complaints from the cardinals who were not prepared to give up the good life in the Rhone Valley for the epidemic-stricken city of Rome, Pope Urban left Avignon on April 30, 1367. Only four cardinals were left to continue the business, Raymond de Canillac, Pierre Itier, Jean de Blandiac and Pierre de Monteruc , the vice-chancellor. Monteruc had been expected to follow the Pope to Italy, but he sheltered illness and stayed behind. The visit to Italy was eventful, but on July 26, 1370, the Pope wrote to the Romans that he had urgent problems north of the Alps that required his presence in Avignon. He sailed for Marseille on September 16 and reached Avignon on September 24. He fell ill in November and died on December 19, 1370.

The conclave for the election of Urban V's successor began on December 29, 1370 in the presence of 16 of the 20 cardinals, including Cardinal de Canillac. On the morning of December 30th, the cardinals elected Pierre Roger de Beaufort. On January 4, 1371 he was ordained a priest, on January 5 a bishop and named Gregory XI. crowned pope .

Death and legacy

Cardinal Raymond de Canillac died on June 20, 1373 in Avignon and was temporarily buried in the Franciscan Church. His body was later transferred to Maguelone, where he was finally buried in the cathedral on July 3 of the same year.

literature

  • Étienne Baluze (Stephanus Baluzius): Vitae paparum Avenionensium, hoc est, Historia pontificum romanorum qui in Gallia sederunt from anno Christi MCCCV. usque ad annum MCCCXCIV. Volume 1. Franciscus Muguet, Paris 1693. New edition by Guillaume Mollat , Volume 2, Paris 1927.
  • Étienne Baluze: Vitae Paparum Avenionensium, Hoc est Historia Pontificum Romanorum qui in Gallia sederunt from anno Christi MCCCV usque ad annum MCCCXCIV. Volume 2. Muguet, Paris 1693.
  • Denis de Sainte-Marthe: Gallia Christiana, In Provincias Ecclesiasticas Distributa. Volume 3. Ex Typographia Regia, Paris 1725.
  • Cesare Baronio , Augustin Theiner (ed.): Annales ecclesiastici: AD 1–1571 denuo excusi et ad nostra usque tempora perducti from Augustino Theiner. Volume 24 [1313-1333], Typis et sumptibus Ludovici Guerin, Paris 1872.
  • Cesare Baronio, Augustin Theiner (ed.): Annales ecclesiastici: AD 1–1571 denuo excusi et ad nostra usque tempora perducti from Augustino Theiner. Volume 25, [1333–1356], Typis et sumptibus Ludovici Guerin, Bar-le-Duc 1872.
  • François Duchesne : Histoire De Tous Les Cardinaux François De Naissance. Volume 1, Paris 1660, pp. 465-470.
  • François Duchesne: Preuves de l 'Histoire de tous les cardinaux François de naissance. Paris 1660, pp. 311-322.
  • Konrad Eubel : Hierarchia catholica medii aevi: sive Summorum pontificum, SRE cardinalium, ecclesiarum antistitum series from anno 1198 usque ad annum [1605] perducta e documentis tabularii praesertim Vaticani collecta, digesta. Volume 1, sumptibus et typis librariae Regensbergianae, Münster 1898, 2nd edition 1913.
  • Marcel Fournier: Les statuts et privilèges des universités françaises depuis leur fondation jusqu'en 1789. Volume 2, part 1. L. Larose et Forcel, Paris 1891.
  • Ralf Lützelschwab: Electat cardinales ad velle suum? Clement VI. and his College of Cardinals: A Contribution to Curial Politics in the Middle of the 14th Century. De Gruyter, Berlin 2007, pp. 438-441.
  • Yves Renouard: The Avignon papacy, 1305-1403. Archon Books, Hamden CT 1970.
  • Joëlle Rollo-Koster: Avignon and Its Papacy, 1309-1417: Popes, Institutions, and Society. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, New York - London 2015.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ H. Fisquet: La France pontificale (Gallia Christiana). Étienne Repos, Montpellier / Paris 1864, pp. 360–361
  2. ↑ Étienne Baluze: Histoire généalogique de la maison d 'Auvergne. Volume 1. Antoine Dezallier, Paris, p. 195
  3. ↑ Fournier, Statuts , p. 80, no. 951.
  4. ↑ Fisquet, p. 334
  5. ^ Duchesne, Histoire , p. 516.
  6. ^ Benedictines by S. Maur (Ed.): Gallia christiana. Volume 13, Paris 1785, p. 40.
  7. ↑ Eubel, p. 488.
  8. ↑ Eubel, p. 19 and p. 41.
  9. ^ Lützelschwab, p. 492, citing Cyril Eugene Smith: The University of Toulouse in the Middle Ages: Its Origins and Growth to 1500 AD Marquette University Press, 1958, p. 103
  10. ↑ Lützelschwab, p. 492, footnote 739.
  11. ^ Joseph Vaissete: Histoire générale de Languedoc avec des notes et les pièces justificatives. Volume 12. 1889, p. 322
  12. ↑ Baluze (1693), I, p. 895 [ed. Mollat ​​(1927), II, p. 407].
  13. ^ F. André (ed.), Inventaire sommaire des archives départementales. Lozère. Archives ecclesiastiques Volume 1 (Mende 1882), p. 21. Dr. B. P ****: L'ancienne baronnie de Peyre. In: Bulletin de la Société d'agriculture, Industrie, Sciences et arts du Département de la Lozère , Volume 17, Mende 1866, p. 181
  14. ↑ Eubel, p. 37.
  15. ↑ Lützelschwab, p. 492, no. 734; Palatio judges critically: “ Vir doctus, sed timidus et in adulationem pronus ”.
  16. ↑ Book 11, Chapter 25, p. 422 Dragomani
  17. ^ Villani: Appresso il cardinale di Tolosa nipote del cardinale d 'Aubruno [Ebrun] ebbe undici voci delle ventuno, un altro dieci, un altro nove ....
  18. ↑ JP Adams, Sede Vacante 1362 ( online )
  19. ↑ Fournier, Statutes , p. 101, no. 989
  20. ↑ Pierre Gasnault, Suppliques en matière de justice au XIVe siècle, Bibliothèque de l'École des chartes 115, 1957, pp. 43–57, here: pp. 50–51
  21. ^ "Prima Vita Urbani V," "Secunda VIta," in: Baluze (1693) I, pp. 376 and 406; Johann Peter Kirsch, The Return of Popes Urban V and Gregory XI. from Avignon to Rome: excerpts from the camera registers of the Vatican Archives , Paderborn 1898, pp. XIII – XV; Lützelschwab, p. 492.
  22. ^ Giovanni Ciampini, De Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae vicecancellario illiusque munere, auctoritate et potestate, deque officialibus ... , Rome 1697, pp. 97-98
  23. ↑ Baronio (Ed. A. Theiner), Volume 25, on the year 1370, § 19, pp. 180-181.
  24. ↑ JP Adams, Sede Vacante 1370 ( online )
personal data
SURNAME Raymond de Canillac
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Raymond de Canilhac
BRIEF DESCRIPTION cardinal
DATE OF BIRTH around 1300
PLACE OF BIRTH La Roche-Canillac
DATE OF DEATH June 20, 1373
Place of death Avignon