Benedetto Giustiniani
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Benedetto Giustiniani (born June 5, 1554 in Chios , † March 27, 1621 in Rome ) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Church .
Life
Benedetto Giustiniani came from a Genoese patrician family and was born on the Aegean island of Chios, which was under Genoese rule at the time. He was the son of Giuseppe Giustiniani († January 9, 1600) and his wife Girolama Giustiniani, his mother was a sister of Cardinal Vincenzo Giustiniani OP . The family left Chios in January 1569, which had been conquered by the Turks in 1566, and returned to Italy. They finally reached Rome via Venice and Genoa. Benedetto Giustiniani studied law at the universities of Perugia , Padua and Genoa, where he became Dr. iur. received his doctorate . Pope Gregory XIII granted him the same benefits that his late uncle had already received. In 1581 Giustiniani was trainee lawyer at the tribunals of the Apostolic Signature and in 1582 Abbreviator . On May 2, 1585 he became a cleric of the Apostolic Chamber and from May 1585 he was treasurer general.
Pope Sixtus V created Benedetto Giustiniani in the consistory of November 16, 1586 as cardinal. He received the cardinal's hat and the title deaconry of San Giorgio in Velabro on January 14, 1587. On September 11, 1587, he moved to the title deaconry of Sant'Agata in Suburra and on March 20, 1589 to that of Santa Maria in Cosmedin . During the absence of Cardinal Enrico Caetani as legate in France (1589-1590) Benedetto Giustiniani was the incumbent Camerlengo of the Roman Church. Sixtus V appointed him in 1588, together with the cardinals Giulio Antonio Santori , Scipione Lancellotti and Giovanni Battista Castagna , as a member of a commission for the recognition of the religious rule of minor regular clerics . As cardinal, Benedetto Giustiniani took part in September 1590 in the first conclave of the year in which Urban VII was elected Pope. He also took part in the second conclave from October to December of the same year and was among the cardinals who elected Pope Gregory XIV . He became Prefect of the Apostolic Signature and supported the absolution of King Henry IV of France . In gratitude for this, the king appointed him Vice-Protector of France to the Holy See .
Because of the frequent sedis vacancies between 1590 and 1592 and the associated famine, the problem of banditry worsened. From the autumn of 1590 onwards, bandits attempted to cross the border with the Kingdom of Naples into the Marches and the Roman Campagna , and during the summer they intensified their efforts. In August 1590, the castellan of Civitella del Tronto , a fortress on the border with the Kingdom of Naples, wrote an urgent letter to the cardinal asking him to take action against the bandits - but also against the local people who ally with them seemed.
On January 7, 1591, Benedetto Giustiniani was elevated to cardinal priest and was assigned the titular church of San Marcello . He was appointed legate in the Marche on January 30th of the same year , the legate was extended to the city of Ascoli Piceno on July 19, 1591 . He also took part in the conclave in 1591 , from which Innocent IX. emerged as Pope. Again a conclave met in 1592 which brought Cardinal Aldobrandini to the chair of Peter as Clement VIII . With the latter, Benedetto Giustiniani went to Ferrara in 1598 and was appointed prefect of the Congregation for Bishops and Regulars . On March 17, 1599 he moved to the titular church of Santa Prisca . Benedetto Giustiniani was in March 1605 participant in the first conclave of 1605 , in which Leo XI. was elected Pope; he took in May of the same year at the second conclave of that year, in part, that in the election of Pope Paul V resulted. From September 25, 1606 to August 1611, he was legate in Bologna . He moved to the titular church of San Lorenzo in Lucina on August 17, 1611 and became a cardinal proto-priest .
In Bologna in 1611 Giustiniani took action against the Dominican brother Tommaso Caccini (1574–1648), who wanted to stage a smear campaign against Galileo Galilei and force the bailiff to withdraw. The incident came to light in January 1615 when the monk, who had taken the opportunity in the Advent sermons to dispute the Copernican thesis of the rotation of the earth and to point out its incompatibility with the Book of Joshua , published a letter from Galileo to Benedetto Castello and made accusations that paved the way for the first trial against the scientist. At this point Giustiniani stepped in to curb the excesses of the ambitious Dominican, and it escaped him what had happened in Bologna and what the latter had really said, which in turn played a major role in silencing them.
On June 4, 1612 Benedetto Giustiniani was raised to cardinal bishop and received the suburbicarian diocese of Palestrina . He was ordained bishop on July 2, 1612 in the church of San Silvestro al Quirinale in Rome by Pope Paul V .; Cardinals Giovanni Garzia Millini and Marcello Lante were co- consecrators . On September 16, 1615 he moved to the suburbicarian seat of Sabina and on August 31, 1620 to that of Porto e Santa Rufina , at the same time he was subdean of the College of Cardinals . As such he took part in the conclave of 1621 , from which Gregory XV. emerged as Pope.
Benedetto Giustiniani died in Rome in 1621 and was buried in a side chapel of the local church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva .
literature
- Simona Feci, Luca Bortolotti: Giustiniani, Benedetto. In: Mario Caravale (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 57: Giulini – Gonzaga. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2001.
Web links
- Giustiniani, Benedetto. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed January 23, 2017.
- Entry on Benedetto Giustiniani on catholic-hierarchy.org ; accessed on January 23, 2017.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Simona Feci, Luca Bortolotti: Giustiniani, Benedetto. In: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 57. Rome 2001.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Giustiniani, Benedetto. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website ), accessed January 23, 2017.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Giustiniani, Benedetto |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Italian cardinal of the Roman Church |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 5, 1554 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Chios |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 27, 1621 |
| Place of death | Rome |