Civitella del Tronto

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Civitella del Tronto
coat of arms
Civitella del Tronto (Italy)
Civitella del Tronto
Country Italy
region Abruzzo
province Teramo  (TE)
Coordinates 42 ° 46 '  N , 13 ° 40'  E Coordinates: 42 ° 46 '0 "  N , 13 ° 40' 0"  E
height 589  m slm
surface 77 km²
Residents 4,787 (Dec 31, 2019)
Population density 62 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 64010
prefix 0861
ISTAT number 067017
Popular name Civitellesi
Patron saint Sant 'Ubaldo (May 16)
Website Civitella del Tronto
Civitella del Tronto
Civitella del Tronto

Civitella del Tronto is an Italian municipality with 4787 inhabitants in the province of Teramo , in the Abruzzo region and is located about 140 kilometers northeast of Rome and 20 kilometers from the Adriatic coast . Civitella is a member of the Comunità Montana della Laga and belongs to the association I borghi più belli d'Italia (The Most Beautiful Places in Italy)

geography

Civitella del Tronto is located in the Monti della Laga, part of the Abruzzo Apennines above the border river to the Marche region , the Tronto . Historically, it was the border river between the Kingdom of Naples and the Papal States for 600 years .

The medieval town center is dominated by a large fortress , which essentially dates back to the 19th century.

history

Civitella may already be traced back to a settlement by the Picenians . However, it is mentioned in writing for the first time in 1001. The place only gained importance in the time of the Staufer .

In 1556/57, François de Guise besieged the fortress on his campaign of conquest in Naples , which was defended for months by the inhabitants of Civitella until the French general was recalled by his king. In gratitude, King Philip II gave the place city rights and the nickname Civitas Fidelissima (Most Faithful City), which Civitella still bears in its coat of arms.

Also in 1806 the fortress was under the command of the Irish governor Matteo Wade of Joseph Bonaparte's army , who was installed as King of Naples by his brother Napoleon . Only when Naples had long since fallen did Civitella capitulate. After the Bourbons had regained the throne in Naples, the castle was almost completely demolished in 1820 and rebuilt by the architect Stefano Ottaviani under the most modern, military aspects. In 1861 the new fortress, as the last bulwark of the Bourbons, withstood Garibaldi's troops for seven months on the way to Italian unification . After that, however, the castle lost its importance as a border fortress and was left to decay. It was not completely restored until 1973.

After Italy entered the war in June 1940, the fascist regime set up an internment camp ( campo di concentramento ) in Civitella del Tronto . It was spread over three unequal buildings with a total capacity of 200 internees: the Franciscan monastery of Santa Maria dei Lumi (60 people), the former poorhouse Filippo Alessandrini (100 people) and a private residence, Casa Migliorati (40 people).

The first internees were Belgian nationals , followed by Chinese , Greeks and foreign Jews. They were housed in the convent. In March 1942, 114 Anglo-Libyan Jews moved into the Alessandrini Hospice. Jews from Germany , Austria and Poland stayed in the two other buildings until September 1943. In September 1940 there were 20 internees in the camp; in February 1941 there were 232, on August 31, 1943 186. On October 26, 1943, 121 male inmates were used for forced labor in Chieti by order of the German command ; then the Swiss embassy in Rome, which represented British interests, intervened at the Italian Ministry of the Interior. The camp persisted under the RSI regime . All internees were transferred to the Fossoli di Carpi concentration and transit camp , from where the Anglo-Libyans were deported to Bergen-Belsen on May 16, 1944 .

population

year 1871 1901 1921 1951 1971 1991 2001 2016
Residents 7,426 9,584 10,038 10,494 6,046 5,421 5,244 5,036

Source: ISTAT

Attractions

  • At the fortress

  • View from the fortress

  • Fortress Museum

  • Peace Bell (campana ai caduti per tutte le guerre)

  • The fortress in winter

  • Distant view to the Adriatic

  • Memorial to the commander Matteo Wade

  • Chiesa di Santa Maria dei Lumi

  • Fontana degli amanti (fountain of love)

Viticulture

In the municipality of vines are varieties Montepulciano for the DOC - wine Montepulciano d'Abruzzo grown.

Web links

Commons : Civitella del Tronto  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ^ I borghi più belli d'Italia. Borghipiubelliditalia.it, accessed September 8, 2017 (Italian).
  3. ↑ Ekkehart Rotter, Roger Willemsen, Abruzzen Molise, DuMont Verlag, Ostfildern 2002, pp. 65 ff., ISBN 3-7701-6612-4
  4. ↑ Klaus Voigt, Refuge on Revocation. Exile in Italy 1933-1945 (Volume 2), Stuttgart 1993 (Klett-Cotta), pp. 66-67; Carlo Spartaco Capogreco, I campi del duce. L'internamento civile nell'Italia fascista (1940-1943) , Torino 2004 (Einaudi), pp. 211-212